Английская Википедия:Ansuz (rune)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Infobox rune Шаблон:Contains special characters Ansuz is the conventional name given to the a-rune of the Elder Futhark, Шаблон:Runic. The name is based on Proto-Germanic *ansuz, denoting a deity belonging to the principal pantheon in Germanic paganism.

The shape of the rune is likely from Neo-Etruscan a (Файл:EtruscanA-01.png), like Latin A ultimately from Phoenician aleph.

Name

In the Norwegian rune poem, óss is given a meaning of "estuary" while in the Anglo-Saxon one, Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Script takes the Latin meaning of "mouth". The Younger Futhark rune is transliterated as ą to distinguish it from the new ár rune (ᛅ), which continues the jēran rune after loss of prevocalic *j- in Proto-Norse *jár (Old Saxon Шаблон:Lang).

Since the name of Файл:Gothic a.svg a is attested in the Gothic alphabet as Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang, the common Germanic name of the rune may thus either have been *ansuz "god", or *ahsam "ear (of wheat)".

Development in Anglo-Saxon runes

The Anglo-Saxon futhorc split the Elder Futhark a rune into three independent runes due to the development of the vowel system in Anglo-Frisian. These three runes are Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Script (transliterated o), Шаблон:Lang "oak" Шаблон:Script (transliterated a), and Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Script "ash" (transliterated æ).

Development in Younger Futhark

Файл:Forasrun.svg

Variations of the rune in Younger Futhark.

The Younger Futhark corresponding to the Elder Futhark ansuz rune is Шаблон:Script, called óss. It is transliterated as ą. This represented the phoneme /ɑ̃/, and sometimes /æ/ (also written Шаблон:Script) and /o/ (also written Шаблон:Script). The variant grapheme Шаблон:Script became independent as representing the phoneme /ø/ during the 11th to 14th centuries.

Rune poems

It is mentioned in all three rune poems:

Rune Poem:	English Translation:
Old Norwegian Шаблон:Runic Óss er flæstra færða fǫr; en skalpr er sværða.	Estuary is the way of most journeys; but a scabbard is of swords.
Old Icelandic Шаблон:Runic Óss er algingautr ok ásgarðs jöfurr, ok valhallar vísi. Jupiter oddviti.	God is aged Gautr and prince of Ásgarðr and lord of Valhalla.
Old English Шаблон:Runic Ōs bẏþ ordfruma ælcre spræce wisdomes wraþu and witena frofur, and eorla gehwam eadnẏs and tohiht.	The mouth is the source of all language, a pillar of wisdom and a comfort to wise men, a blessing and a joy to every knight.
Notes: In the Icelandic poem, Óss refers to Odin.