Английская Википедия:Answer to Job
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox book
Answer to Job (Шаблон:Lang-de) is a 1952 book by Carl Jung that addresses the significance of the Book of Job to the "divine drama" of Christianity. It argues that while he submitted to Yahweh's omnipotence, Job nevertheless proved to be more moral and conscious than God, who tormented him without justification under the influence of Satan. This scandal made it necessary for God to become united with man. Satan was banished from heaven and God incarnated as purely good, through a virgin birth, into the sinless redeemer Jesus Christ. Eventually, however, God will incarnate his evil side as well. For this to happen, the Holy Ghost left by Christ on earth has to enter "empirical", sinful human beings in whom the divine can be realized completely. Jung turns to the Book of Ezekiel, the Book of Enoch, and especially the Book of Revelation to consider how this may unfold. He suggests that the contemporary modern era, in which humanity possesses immense technological power, is significant to this second divine birth. He interprets the 1950 papal dogma of the Assumption of Mary as easing this transition towards completeness by re-emphasizing the feminine dimension of God.
The book was first published in English in 1954. It has received both criticism and admiration from commentators. Author Joyce Carol Oates and theologian John Shelby Spong, among others, highlighted it as a major work.
Summary
Шаблон:Original research section Jung considers the Book of Job a landmark development in the "divine drama," for the first time contemplating criticism of God (Gotteskritik). Jung described Answer to Job as "pure poison," referring to the controversial nature of the book.[1] He did, however, feel an urge to write the book.
The basic thesis of the book is that, as well as having a good side, God also has a fourth side—the evil face of God. This view is inevitably controversial, but Jung claimed it is backed up by references to the Hebrew Bible. Jung saw this evil side of God as the missing fourth element of the Trinity, which he believed should be supplanted by a Quaternity. However, he also discusses in the book whether the true missing fourth element is the feminine side of God. Indeed, he saw the dogmatic definition of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary by Pope Pius XII in 1950 as being the most significant religious event since the Reformation.
Another theme in the book is the inversion of the biblical assertion that God sent his son Christ to die for the sins of humanity. Jung maintains that upon realizing his mistreatment of Job, God sends his son to humankind to be sacrificed in repentance for God's sins. Jung sees this as a sign of God's ongoing psychological development.
Reception
Author Joyce Carol Oates, in her review "Legendary Jung" (from her collections of essays The Profane Art), considers Answer to Job to be Jung's most important work. The Episcopal Bishop and humanist Christian author John Shelby Spong, in his book Re-Claiming the Bible for a Non-Religious World (2011), also considers Answer to Job to be Jung's "most profound work."[2]
Jungian scholar Murray Stein claims Jung viewed the Book of Job as an example of a scriptural religious experience:
As Marc Fonda observes, God’s omniscience precludes self-awareness. Being omniscient, God has no concentrated self to speak of. Being a part of everything, God has no opportunity to distinguish self from non-self. However, as God knows the thoughts of humans, through the thoughts of his creation he can experience what self-awareness is.Шаблон:Citation needed Murray continues:
Editions
- Rascher (1953, 1961, 1967)
- Walter Verlag (1985) Шаблон:ISBN
- Dtv Verlagsgesellschaft (1990) Шаблон:ISBN; (2001) Шаблон:ISBN
- Translation: Hull, R. F. C. 1973. Psychology and Religion, The Collected Works of C. G. Jung 11. Princeton University Press. 1973. Шаблон:ISBN.
References
Further reading
- Paul Bishop, Jung's Answer to Job: A Commentary, Brunner-Routledge (2002) Шаблон:ISBN
- Storr, A. (1973). Jung. Fontana Modern Masters Series.
External links
- Review of Jungs Answer to Job: A Commentary by Paul Bishop Шаблон:Webarchive
- Online excerpt of Answer to Job Шаблон:Webarchive
Шаблон:Book of Job Шаблон:Jung Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Storr, A. 1973. Jung. Fontana Modern Masters Series.
- ↑ Spong, John Shelby. 2011. Re-Claiming the Bible for a Non-Religious World. p. 164.
