Английская Википедия:Antimony pentachloride

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Antimony pentachloride is a chemical compound with the formula SbCl5. It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to dissolved chlorine. Owing to its tendency to hydrolyse to hydrochloric acid, SbCl5 is a highly corrosive substance and must be stored in glass or PTFE containers.

Preparation and structure

Antimony pentachloride is prepared by passing chlorine gas into molten antimony trichloride:

SbCl3 + Cl2 → SbCl5

Gaseous SbCl5 has a trigonal bipyramidal structure.[1]

Reactions

This compounds reacts with water to form antimony pentoxide and hydrochloric acid:[2]

2 SbCl5 + 5 H2O → Sb2O5 + 10 HCl

The mono- and tetrahydrates are known, SbCl5·H2O and SbCl5·4H2O.

This compound forms adducts with many Lewis bases. SbCl5 is a soft Lewis acid and its ECW model parameters are EA = 3.64 and CA = 10.42. It is used as the standard Lewis acid in the Gutmann scale of Lewis basicity.[3][4]

It is also a strong oxidizing agent.[5] For example aromatic ethers are oxidized to their radical cations according to the following stoichiometry:[6]

3Шаблон:NbspSbCl5 + 2 ArH → 2Шаблон:Nbsp(ArH+)(SbCl6) + SbCl3

Applications

Antimony pentachloride is used as a polymerization catalyst and for the chlorination of organic compounds.

Precautions

Antimony pentachloride is a highly corrosive substance that should be stored away from heat and moisture. It is a chlorinating agent and, in the presence of moisture, it releases hydrogen chloride gas. Because of this, it may etch even stainless-steel tools (such as needles), if handled in a moist atmosphere. It should not be handled with non-fluorinated plastics (such as plastic syringes, plastic septa, or needles with plastic fittings), since it melts and carbonizes plastic materials.[7]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Antimony compounds Шаблон:Chlorides

  1. Шаблон:Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
  2. Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, Шаблон:ISBN
  3. Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. Шаблон:Cite journal The plots shown in this paper used older parameters. Improved E&C parameters are listed in ECW model.
  5. Шаблон:Cite journal
  6. Шаблон:Cite journal
  7. Shekarchi, M.; Behbahani, F. K Catal. Lett. 2017 147 2950. doi:10.1007/s10562-017-2194-2