Английская Википедия:Antimony trisulfide
Antimony trisulfide (Шаблон:Chem2) is found in nature as the crystalline mineral stibnite and the amorphous red mineral (actually a mineraloid)[1] metastibnite.[2] It is manufactured for use in safety matches, military ammunition, explosives and fireworks. It also is used in the production of ruby-colored glass and in plastics as a flame retardant.[3] Historically the stibnite form was used as a grey pigment in paintings produced in the 16th century.[4] In 1817, the dye and fabric chemist, John Mercer discovered the non-stoichiometric compound Antimony Orange (approximate formula Шаблон:Chem2), the first good orange pigment available for cotton fabric printing.[5]
Antimony trisulfide was also used as the image sensitive photoconductor in vidicon camera tubes. It is a semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.8–2.5 eV.Шаблон:Citation needed With suitable doping, p and n type materials can be produced.[6]
Preparation and reactions
Шаблон:Chem2 can be prepared from the elements at temperature 500–900 °C:[3]
Шаблон:Chem2 is precipitated when [[hydrogen sulfide|Шаблон:Chem2]] is passed through an acidified solution of Sb(III).[7] This reaction has been used as a gravimetric method for determining antimony, bubbling Шаблон:Chem2 through a solution of Sb(III) compound in hot HCl deposits an orange form of Шаблон:Chem2 which turns black under the reaction conditions.[8]
Шаблон:Chem2 is readily oxidised, reacting vigorously with oxidising agents.[3] It burns in air with a blue flame. It reacts with incandescence with cadmium, magnesium and zinc chlorates. Mixtures of Шаблон:Chem2 and chlorates may explode.[9]
In the extraction of antimony from antimony ores the alkaline sulfide process is employed where Шаблон:Chem2 reacts to form thioantimonate(III) salts (also called thioantimonite):[10]
A number of salts containing different thioantimonate(III) ions can be prepared from Шаблон:Chem2. These include:[11]
Schlippe's salt, Шаблон:Chem2, a thioantimonate(V) salt is formed when Шаблон:Chem2 is boiled with sulfur and sodium hydroxide. The reaction can be represented as:[7]
Structure
The structure of the black needle-like form of Шаблон:Chem2, stibnite, consists of linked ribbons in which antimony atoms are in two different coordination environments, trigonal pyramidal and square pyramidal.[7] Similar ribbons occur in Шаблон:Chem2 and Шаблон:Chem2.[12] The red form, metastibnite, is amorphous. Recent work suggests that there are a number of closely related temperature dependent structures of stibnite which have been termed stibnite (I) the high temperature form, identified previously, stibnite (II) and stibnite (III).[13] Other paper shows that the actual coordination polyhedra of antimony are in fact Шаблон:Chem2, with (3+4) coordination at the M1 site and (5+2) at the M2 site.Шаблон:Cln These coordinations consider the presence of secondary bonds. Some of the secondary bonds impart cohesion and are connected with packing.[14]
References
Шаблон:Antimony compounds Шаблон:Sulfides
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ SUPERGENE METASTIBNITE FROM MINA ALACRAN, PAMPA LARGA, COPIAPO, CHILE, Alan H Clark, THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST. VOL. 55., 1970
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Electrochemistry of Metal Chalcogenides, Mirtat Bouroushian, Springer, 2010
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Шаблон:Holleman&Wiberg
- ↑ A.I. Vogel, (1951), Quantitative Inorganic analysis, (2d edition), Longmans Green and Co
- ↑ Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide, Third Edition, CRC Press, 2003, Margaret-Ann Armour, Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Inorganic Reactions and Methods, The Formation of Bonds to Group VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po) Elements (Part 1) (Volume 5) Ed. A.P, Hagen,1991, Wiley-VCH, Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ Kuze S., Du Boulay D., Ishizawa N., Saiki A, Pring A.; (2004), X ray diffraction evidence for a monoclinic form of stibnite, Sb2S3, below 290K; American Mineralogist, 9(89), 1022-1025.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
