Английская Википедия:Anton Döbele

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox military person Anton Döbele (16 November 1910 – 11 November 1943) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. On 11 November 1943, Döbele was killed in a mid-air collision with an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft, at the time of his death he was credited with 94 victories claimed in 458 combat missions. He was posthumously promoted to an officers rank and awarded the Knight's Cross on 26 March 1944.

Career

Döbele was born on 16 November 1910 in Ehrensberg, present-day part of Bad Waldsee, at the time in the Kingdom of Württemberg within the German Empire. As an Unteroffizier (Staff Sergeant), he volunteered for service in the Condor Legion and participated in the Spanish Civil War with the ground staff.Шаблон:Sfn Following flight training,Шаблон:Refn Döbele was posted to the Ergänzungsgruppe, a supplementary training group, of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) in late 1940.Шаблон:Sfn Döbele claimed his first aerial victory on 28 July 1941 when he shot down a Chyetverikov MDR-6 aerial reconnaissance flying-boat near the island Ösel.Шаблон:Sfn

On 9 March 1942, the Ergänzungsgruppe of JG 54 was disbanded and the pilots were transferred to I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 54.Шаблон:Sfn In consequence, Döbele assigned to 1. Staffel (1st squadron) of JG 54. At the time, 1. Staffel was commanded by Oberleutnant Heinz Lange and part of I. Gruppe of JG 54, which was headed by Hauptmann Hans Philipp. The Gruppe was based at Krasnogvardeysk and was fighting in the siege of Leningrad. Here, Döbele claimed a Polikarpov I-16 fighter shot down on 17 March.Шаблон:Sfn Döbele then served as a fighter pilot instructor before returning to JG 54.Шаблон:Sfn He then joined Walter Nowotny, his wingman Karl Schnörrer, and Rudolf Rademacher, forming a team known as the "chain of devils" (Teufelskette) or the Nowotny Schwarm, which during the course of the war was credited with 524 combined aerial victories, making them the most successful team in the Luftwaffe.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Following his eighth aerial victoriy claimed on 13 January 1943, Döbele was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class (Шаблон:Lang) on 3 February.Шаблон:Sfn

Operation Citadel

In early July, I. Gruppe of JG 54 was ordered to move to Oryol, in the southern sector of Army Group Centre, where it fought in Operation Citadel which initiated the Battle of Kursk. Subordinated to Luftflotte 6 (Air Fleet 6), the Gruppe began relocating on 2 July and arrived at the airfield name Panikowo, a makeshift airfield created for the attack on the Kursk salient, on 4 July.Шаблон:Sfn The next day, the Wehrmacht launched Operation Citadel and I. Gruppe supported the attack of the 9th Army on the northern sector of the salient, escorting bombers of Kampfgeschwader 4, 51 and KG 53 (KG 4, KG 51—4th, 51st Bomber Wing), as well as Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers of Sturzkampfgeschwader 1 (StG 1—1st Dive Bomber Wing) to their target areas. That day, I. Gruppe claimed 59 aerial victories, including a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighter by Döbele in the vicinity of Maloarkhangelsk.Шаблон:Sfn On 6 July, I. Gruppe targeted the airspace near Ponyri and during multiple combat missions claimed 29 aerial victories which included two Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 and three Lavochkin La-5 fighters shot down by Döbelle, making him an ace-in-a-day.Шаблон:Sfn The following morning, Döbele claimed a Yakovlev Yak-7 fighter shot down.Шаблон:Sfn

Battle at Kharkiv, Smolensk and Nevel

Файл:Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-4 JG 54 Nowotny, modello (Museo del modellismo storico Voghenza).JPG
Scale model of Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-4 JG 54.

On 9 August, I. Gruppe was ordered Шаблон:Convert south to Poltava Airfield where they were placed under the control of Luftflotte 4 (Air Fleet 4). The reason for this was a response to the successful Soviet Belgorod–Kharkiv offensive operation following the Battle of Kursk.Шаблон:Sfn On 11 August, Nowotny was temporarily appointed commander of I. Gruppe, a position he held until 15 September when he was officially assigned as Gruppenkommandeur.Шаблон:Sfn The next day, the Gruppe flew multiple combat air patrols and fighter escort for Ju 87 dive bombers in the area west of Kharkiv. That day, Döbele shot down a La-5 and a Yakovlev Yak-1 fighter.Шаблон:Sfn On 31 August, Döbele was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang) and the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Шаблон:Lang) on 13 September.Шаблон:Sfn

On 11 September, Döbele was nominated for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang). Five days later, Nowotny submitted a report, requesting that Döbele be promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) for bravery before the enemy. At the time, Döbele had flown 418 combat missions and had been credited with 80 aerial victories to date.Шаблон:Sfn On 22 September, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 54, Major Hubertus von Bonin, seconded the request, arguing that Döbele was an exceptional fighter pilot and leader.Шаблон:Sfn

On 23 October, during the Battle of Nevel, I. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Vitebsk where they supported Army Group Centre.Шаблон:Sfn Flying Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-4 (Werknummer 7082—factory number) on 11 November 1943 at 10:42, Döbele was killed in a mid-air collision with an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft east of Vitebsk.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn At his funeral, the guard of honour was made up of Rademacher, Schnörrer, Fritz Tegtmeier, and Otto Kittel, with Nowotny and von Bonin giving an eulogy.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Posthumously, Döbele was promoted to Leutnant and awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 26 March 1944.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He is interred at the German War Cemetery at Vilnius-Vingio.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to Spick, Döbele was credited with 94 aerial victories claimed in over 458 combat missions.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 93 aerial victory claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 25 Ost 1956". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories

Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend

Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 1. Staffel of the Ergänzungsgruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
1 28 July 1941 07:43 MBR-2?Шаблон:Refn PQ 25 Ost 1956Шаблон:Sfn
over sea, west of Ösel
2 30 July 1941 14:02 I-15 PQ 25 Ost 18461Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Demyansk
– 1. Staffel of the Ergänzungsgruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 9 March 1942
4 4 February 1942 09:38 I-18 (MiG-1) Шаблон:Convert northwest of Malaya VisheraШаблон:Sfn
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front — March 1942 – 11 November 1943
4 17 March 1942 17:57 I-16Шаблон:Sfn 50 7 August 1943 08:44 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 54821Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Bolkhov
5 30 December 1942 13:25 Yak-4 PQ 2863Шаблон:Sfn 51 7 August 1943 08:59 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 54732Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Karachev
6 7 January 1943 09:41 I-16 PQ 1964Шаблон:Sfn 52 7 August 1943 11:41 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 54641Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Bolkhov
7?Шаблон:Refn 12 January 1943 13:33 Il-2 vicinity of MgaШаблон:Sfn 53 12 August 1943 09:15 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 41693Шаблон:Sfn
8 13 January 1943 13:25 Il-2 PQ 10173Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Mga
54 12 August 1943 14:02 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 51343, BoromliaШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Grayvoron
9 23 February 1943 07:10 La-5 PQ 36 Ost 10152Шаблон:Sfn
southeast of Shlisselburg
55 14 August 1943 09:50 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51734Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bohodukhiv
10 7 March 1943 16:25 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 28382Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Demyansk
56 15 August 1943 07:05 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51821Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Bohodukhiv
11 15 March 1943 08:10 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 18251Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Staraya Russa
57 19 August 1943 15:44 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 51511Шаблон:Sfn
northeast of Bohodukhiv
12 15 March 1943 10:59 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 18253Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Staraya Russa
58 19 August 1943 15:53 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 51394Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Belgorod
13 17 March 1943 13:42 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 18133Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Staraya Russa
59 20 August 1943 09:50 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 41454Шаблон:Sfn
14 19 March 1943 09:47 La-5 PQ 36 Ost 10189Шаблон:Sfn
southeast of Shlisselburg
60 20 August 1943 14:42 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 51383Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Grayvoron
15 19 March 1943 10:05 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 00283Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Mga
61 20 August 1943 14:53 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 51523Шаблон:Sfn
northeast of Bohodukhiv
16 22 March 1943 08:44 Yak-1 PQ 36 Ost 00332Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Gatchina
62 21 August 1943 16:46 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 51861Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Bohodukhiv
17?Шаблон:Refn 11 April 1943 18:25 Il-2 Шаблон:Convert south of LeningradШаблон:Sfn 63 23 August 1943 06:02 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51541Шаблон:Sfn
northeast of Bohodukhiv
18 26 April 1943 14:15?Шаблон:Refn Il-2 PQ 36 Ost 00181Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Leningrad
64 23 August 1943 17:01 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 60154Шаблон:Sfn
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
19 26 April 1943 14:16 I-16 PQ 36 Ost 00181Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Pushkin
65 23 August 1943 17:04 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 60164Шаблон:Sfn
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
20?Шаблон:Refn 28 April 1943 19:33 Il-2 PQ 26 Ost 90224Шаблон:Sfn 66 23 August 1943 17:10 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 60273Шаблон:Sfn
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
21 8 June 1943 16:15 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 10254Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Shlisselburg
67 24 August 1943 07:37 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51384Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Grayvoron
22 17 June 1943 10:55 LaGG-3 PQ 26 Ost 90241Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Lomonosov
68 28 August 1943 11:48 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 43822Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Sevsk
23 19 June 1943 20:53 LaGG-5 PQ 36 Ost 20121, VolkhovstroyШаблон:Sfn
southwest of Volkhov
69 28 August 1943 11:52 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 43822Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Sevsk
24 21 June 1943 15:33 La-5 PQ 36 Ost 21754, Novaya LadogaШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Volkhov
70 1 September 1943 06:22 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 35371Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Yelnya
25 21 June 1943 20:05 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 20374Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Volkhov
71 1 September 1943 12:13 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 35343Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Yelnya
26 24 June 1943 06:30 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 10224Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Volkhov
72 1 September 1943 12:17 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 35392Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Yelnya
27 24 June 1943 06:40 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 10253Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Shlisselburg
73 2 September 1943 11:00 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 35343Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Yelnya
28 24 June 1943 07:02 Yak-1?Шаблон:Refn PQ 36 Ost 20121, VolkhovstroyШаблон:Sfn
west of Volkhov
74 2 September 1943 11:08 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 25494Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Yelnya
29 5 July 1943 12:46 P-40 PQ 35 63732Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
75 2 September 1943 11:12 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 35574Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Yelnya
30♠ 6 July 1943 08:16 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63581Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
76 2 September 1943 15:17 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 35393Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Yelnya
31♠ 6 July 1943 14:08 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63713Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
77 6 September 1943 10:50 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 26881Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Yartsevo
32♠ 6 July 1943 14:53 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63732Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
78 6 September 1943 10:51 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 26882Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Yartsevo
33♠ 6 July 1943 18:34 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63862Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Kursk
79 7 September 1943 11:33 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 26673Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Moschna
34♠ 6 July 1943 18:45 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63574Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
80 10 September 1943 13:15 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 44152Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Kirov
35 7 July 1943 08:43 Yak-7 PQ 35 Ost 63712Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
81 14 September 1943 11:53 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 26482Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Yartsevo
36 7 July 1943 18:12 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63748Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
82 14 September 1943 15:32 P-39 PQ 35 Ost 44354Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Datkovo
37 8 July 1943 17:41 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63582Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
83 13 October 1943 08:02 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 15543Шаблон:Sfn
south of Lenin
38 10 July 1943 10:37 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 53833Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Kursk
84 13 October 1943 08:05 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 15534Шаблон:Sfn
northeast of Gorki
39 13 July 1943 07:30 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 64857Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Mtsensk
85 15 October 1943 15:00 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 15642Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Krassnyj
40?[Note 1] 13 July 1943 14:02 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54441Шаблон:Sfn 86 21 October 1943 11:17 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 03842Шаблон:Sfn
41 16 July 1943 08:55 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 54766Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Bolkhov
87 22 October 1943 14:55 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 15341Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Krassnyj
42 18 July 1943 04:52 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 54493Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bolkhov
88 29 October 1943 14:03 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 05461Шаблон:Sfn
43 21 July 1943 19:54 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54542Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Karachev
89 29 October 1943 14:16 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 05453, northeast of OrshaШаблон:Sfn
44 23 July 1943 12:34 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54398Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Bolkhov
90 4 November 1943 13:17 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 97874, south of NevelШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Nevel
45 23 July 1943 12:37 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 54533Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Bolkhov
91 4 November 1943 13:22 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 97883Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Nevel
46 2 August 1943 16:50 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 54653Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Bolkhov
92 6 November 1943 14:44 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 06173Шаблон:Sfn
47 2 August 1943 17:00 P-40 PQ 35 Ost 54633Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Bolkhov
93 10 November 1943 09:16 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 96234Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Nevel
48 3 August 1943 11:45 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 54723Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Woronowo
94 11 November 1943 10:38 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 06723Шаблон:Sfn
49 4 August 1943 15:31 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 44862Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Karachev
95 11 November 1943 10:42 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 06762Шаблон:Sfn

Awards

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

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Шаблон:Refend


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