Английская Википедия:Anton Döbele
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox military person Anton Döbele (16 November 1910 – 11 November 1943) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. On 11 November 1943, Döbele was killed in a mid-air collision with an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft, at the time of his death he was credited with 94 victories claimed in 458 combat missions. He was posthumously promoted to an officers rank and awarded the Knight's Cross on 26 March 1944.
Career
Döbele was born on 16 November 1910 in Ehrensberg, present-day part of Bad Waldsee, at the time in the Kingdom of Württemberg within the German Empire. As an Unteroffizier (Staff Sergeant), he volunteered for service in the Condor Legion and participated in the Spanish Civil War with the ground staff.Шаблон:Sfn Following flight training,Шаблон:Refn Döbele was posted to the Ergänzungsgruppe, a supplementary training group, of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) in late 1940.Шаблон:Sfn Döbele claimed his first aerial victory on 28 July 1941 when he shot down a Chyetverikov MDR-6 aerial reconnaissance flying-boat near the island Ösel.Шаблон:Sfn
On 9 March 1942, the Ergänzungsgruppe of JG 54 was disbanded and the pilots were transferred to I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 54.Шаблон:Sfn In consequence, Döbele assigned to 1. Staffel (1st squadron) of JG 54. At the time, 1. Staffel was commanded by Oberleutnant Heinz Lange and part of I. Gruppe of JG 54, which was headed by Hauptmann Hans Philipp. The Gruppe was based at Krasnogvardeysk and was fighting in the siege of Leningrad. Here, Döbele claimed a Polikarpov I-16 fighter shot down on 17 March.Шаблон:Sfn Döbele then served as a fighter pilot instructor before returning to JG 54.Шаблон:Sfn He then joined Walter Nowotny, his wingman Karl Schnörrer, and Rudolf Rademacher, forming a team known as the "chain of devils" (Teufelskette) or the Nowotny Schwarm, which during the course of the war was credited with 524 combined aerial victories, making them the most successful team in the Luftwaffe.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Following his eighth aerial victoriy claimed on 13 January 1943, Döbele was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class (Шаблон:Lang) on 3 February.Шаблон:Sfn
Operation Citadel
In early July, I. Gruppe of JG 54 was ordered to move to Oryol, in the southern sector of Army Group Centre, where it fought in Operation Citadel which initiated the Battle of Kursk. Subordinated to Luftflotte 6 (Air Fleet 6), the Gruppe began relocating on 2 July and arrived at the airfield name Panikowo, a makeshift airfield created for the attack on the Kursk salient, on 4 July.Шаблон:Sfn The next day, the Wehrmacht launched Operation Citadel and I. Gruppe supported the attack of the 9th Army on the northern sector of the salient, escorting bombers of Kampfgeschwader 4, 51 and KG 53 (KG 4, KG 51—4th, 51st Bomber Wing), as well as Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers of Sturzkampfgeschwader 1 (StG 1—1st Dive Bomber Wing) to their target areas. That day, I. Gruppe claimed 59 aerial victories, including a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighter by Döbele in the vicinity of Maloarkhangelsk.Шаблон:Sfn On 6 July, I. Gruppe targeted the airspace near Ponyri and during multiple combat missions claimed 29 aerial victories which included two Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 and three Lavochkin La-5 fighters shot down by Döbelle, making him an ace-in-a-day.Шаблон:Sfn The following morning, Döbele claimed a Yakovlev Yak-7 fighter shot down.Шаблон:Sfn
Battle at Kharkiv, Smolensk and Nevel
On 9 August, I. Gruppe was ordered Шаблон:Convert south to Poltava Airfield where they were placed under the control of Luftflotte 4 (Air Fleet 4). The reason for this was a response to the successful Soviet Belgorod–Kharkiv offensive operation following the Battle of Kursk.Шаблон:Sfn On 11 August, Nowotny was temporarily appointed commander of I. Gruppe, a position he held until 15 September when he was officially assigned as Gruppenkommandeur.Шаблон:Sfn The next day, the Gruppe flew multiple combat air patrols and fighter escort for Ju 87 dive bombers in the area west of Kharkiv. That day, Döbele shot down a La-5 and a Yakovlev Yak-1 fighter.Шаблон:Sfn On 31 August, Döbele was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang) and the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Шаблон:Lang) on 13 September.Шаблон:Sfn
On 11 September, Döbele was nominated for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang). Five days later, Nowotny submitted a report, requesting that Döbele be promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) for bravery before the enemy. At the time, Döbele had flown 418 combat missions and had been credited with 80 aerial victories to date.Шаблон:Sfn On 22 September, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 54, Major Hubertus von Bonin, seconded the request, arguing that Döbele was an exceptional fighter pilot and leader.Шаблон:Sfn
On 23 October, during the Battle of Nevel, I. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Vitebsk where they supported Army Group Centre.Шаблон:Sfn Flying Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-4 (Werknummer 7082—factory number) on 11 November 1943 at 10:42, Döbele was killed in a mid-air collision with an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft east of Vitebsk.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn At his funeral, the guard of honour was made up of Rademacher, Schnörrer, Fritz Tegtmeier, and Otto Kittel, with Nowotny and von Bonin giving an eulogy.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Posthumously, Döbele was promoted to Leutnant and awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 26 March 1944.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He is interred at the German War Cemetery at Vilnius-Vingio.Шаблон:Sfn
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to Spick, Döbele was credited with 94 aerial victories claimed in over 458 combat missions.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 93 aerial victory claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 25 Ost 1956". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– 1. Staffel of the Ergänzungsgruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941 | |||||||||
1 | 28 July 1941 | 07:43 | MBR-2?Шаблон:Refn | PQ 25 Ost 1956Шаблон:Sfn over sea, west of Ösel |
2 | 30 July 1941 | 14:02 | I-15 | PQ 25 Ost 18461Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Demyansk |
– 1. Staffel of the Ergänzungsgruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 9 March 1942 | |||||||||
4 | 4 February 1942 | 09:38 | I-18 (MiG-1) | Шаблон:Convert northwest of Malaya VisheraШаблон:Sfn | |||||
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — March 1942 – 11 November 1943 | |||||||||
4 | 17 March 1942 | 17:57 | I-16Шаблон:Sfn | 50 | 7 August 1943 | 08:44 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 54821Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Bolkhov | |
5 | 30 December 1942 | 13:25 | Yak-4 | PQ 2863Шаблон:Sfn | 51 | 7 August 1943 | 08:59 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 54732Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Karachev |
6 | 7 January 1943 | 09:41 | I-16 | PQ 1964Шаблон:Sfn | 52 | 7 August 1943 | 11:41 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 54641Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Bolkhov |
7?Шаблон:Refn | 12 January 1943 | 13:33 | Il-2 | vicinity of MgaШаблон:Sfn | 53 | 12 August 1943 | 09:15 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 41693Шаблон:Sfn |
8 | 13 January 1943 | 13:25 | Il-2 | PQ 10173Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Mga |
54 | 12 August 1943 | 14:02 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 51343, BoromliaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Grayvoron |
9 | 23 February 1943 | 07:10 | La-5 | PQ 36 Ost 10152Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Shlisselburg |
55 | 14 August 1943 | 09:50 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51734Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bohodukhiv |
10 | 7 March 1943 | 16:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 28382Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Demyansk |
56 | 15 August 1943 | 07:05 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51821Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Bohodukhiv |
11 | 15 March 1943 | 08:10 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 18251Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Staraya Russa |
57 | 19 August 1943 | 15:44 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 51511Шаблон:Sfn northeast of Bohodukhiv |
12 | 15 March 1943 | 10:59 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 18253Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Staraya Russa |
58 | 19 August 1943 | 15:53 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 51394Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Belgorod |
13 | 17 March 1943 | 13:42 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 18133Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Staraya Russa |
59 | 20 August 1943 | 09:50 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 41454Шаблон:Sfn |
14 | 19 March 1943 | 09:47 | La-5 | PQ 36 Ost 10189Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Shlisselburg |
60 | 20 August 1943 | 14:42 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 51383Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Grayvoron |
15 | 19 March 1943 | 10:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 00283Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Mga |
61 | 20 August 1943 | 14:53 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 51523Шаблон:Sfn northeast of Bohodukhiv |
16 | 22 March 1943 | 08:44 | Yak-1 | PQ 36 Ost 00332Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Gatchina |
62 | 21 August 1943 | 16:46 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 51861Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Bohodukhiv |
17?Шаблон:Refn | 11 April 1943 | 18:25 | Il-2 | Шаблон:Convert south of LeningradШаблон:Sfn | 63 | 23 August 1943 | 06:02 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51541Шаблон:Sfn northeast of Bohodukhiv |
18 | 26 April 1943 | 14:15?Шаблон:Refn | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 00181Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Leningrad |
64 | 23 August 1943 | 17:01 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 60154Шаблон:Sfn Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda |
19 | 26 April 1943 | 14:16 | I-16 | PQ 36 Ost 00181Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Pushkin |
65 | 23 August 1943 | 17:04 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 60164Шаблон:Sfn Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda |
20?Шаблон:Refn | 28 April 1943 | 19:33 | Il-2 | PQ 26 Ost 90224Шаблон:Sfn | 66 | 23 August 1943 | 17:10 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 60273Шаблон:Sfn Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda |
21 | 8 June 1943 | 16:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 10254Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Shlisselburg |
67 | 24 August 1943 | 07:37 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51384Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Grayvoron |
22 | 17 June 1943 | 10:55 | LaGG-3 | PQ 26 Ost 90241Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Lomonosov |
68 | 28 August 1943 | 11:48 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 43822Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Sevsk |
23 | 19 June 1943 | 20:53 | LaGG-5 | PQ 36 Ost 20121, VolkhovstroyШаблон:Sfn southwest of Volkhov |
69 | 28 August 1943 | 11:52 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 43822Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Sevsk |
24 | 21 June 1943 | 15:33 | La-5 | PQ 36 Ost 21754, Novaya LadogaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Volkhov |
70 | 1 September 1943 | 06:22 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 35371Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Yelnya |
25 | 21 June 1943 | 20:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20374Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Volkhov |
71 | 1 September 1943 | 12:13 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35343Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Yelnya |
26 | 24 June 1943 | 06:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 10224Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Volkhov |
72 | 1 September 1943 | 12:17 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35392Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Yelnya |
27 | 24 June 1943 | 06:40 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 10253Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Shlisselburg |
73 | 2 September 1943 | 11:00 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35343Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Yelnya |
28 | 24 June 1943 | 07:02 | Yak-1?Шаблон:Refn | PQ 36 Ost 20121, VolkhovstroyШаблон:Sfn west of Volkhov |
74 | 2 September 1943 | 11:08 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 25494Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Yelnya |
29 | 5 July 1943 | 12:46 | P-40 | PQ 35 63732Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
75 | 2 September 1943 | 11:12 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35574Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Yelnya |
30♠ | 6 July 1943 | 08:16 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63581Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
76 | 2 September 1943 | 15:17 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35393Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Yelnya |
31♠ | 6 July 1943 | 14:08 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63713Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
77 | 6 September 1943 | 10:50 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 26881Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Yartsevo |
32♠ | 6 July 1943 | 14:53 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63732Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
78 | 6 September 1943 | 10:51 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 26882Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Yartsevo |
33♠ | 6 July 1943 | 18:34 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63862Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Kursk |
79 | 7 September 1943 | 11:33 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 26673Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Moschna |
34♠ | 6 July 1943 | 18:45 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63574Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
80 | 10 September 1943 | 13:15 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 44152Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Kirov |
35 | 7 July 1943 | 08:43 | Yak-7 | PQ 35 Ost 63712Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
81 | 14 September 1943 | 11:53 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 26482Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Yartsevo |
36 | 7 July 1943 | 18:12 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63748Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
82 | 14 September 1943 | 15:32 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 44354Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Datkovo |
37 | 8 July 1943 | 17:41 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63582Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
83 | 13 October 1943 | 08:02 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15543Шаблон:Sfn south of Lenin |
38 | 10 July 1943 | 10:37 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 53833Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Kursk |
84 | 13 October 1943 | 08:05 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15534Шаблон:Sfn northeast of Gorki |
39 | 13 July 1943 | 07:30 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 64857Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Mtsensk |
85 | 15 October 1943 | 15:00 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15642Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Krassnyj |
40?[Note 1] | 13 July 1943 | 14:02 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 54441Шаблон:Sfn | 86 | 21 October 1943 | 11:17 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 03842Шаблон:Sfn |
41 | 16 July 1943 | 08:55 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 54766Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Bolkhov |
87 | 22 October 1943 | 14:55 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 15341Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Krassnyj |
42 | 18 July 1943 | 04:52 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 54493Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Bolkhov |
88 | 29 October 1943 | 14:03 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 05461Шаблон:Sfn |
43 | 21 July 1943 | 19:54 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 54542Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Karachev |
89 | 29 October 1943 | 14:16 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 05453, northeast of OrshaШаблон:Sfn |
44 | 23 July 1943 | 12:34 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 54398Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Bolkhov |
90 | 4 November 1943 | 13:17 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 97874, south of NevelШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Nevel |
45 | 23 July 1943 | 12:37 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 54533Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Bolkhov |
91 | 4 November 1943 | 13:22 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 97883Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Nevel |
46 | 2 August 1943 | 16:50 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 54653Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Bolkhov |
92 | 6 November 1943 | 14:44 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 06173Шаблон:Sfn |
47 | 2 August 1943 | 17:00 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 54633Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Bolkhov |
93 | 10 November 1943 | 09:16 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 96234Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Nevel |
48 | 3 August 1943 | 11:45 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 54723Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Woronowo |
94 | 11 November 1943 | 10:38 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 06723Шаблон:Sfn |
49 | 4 August 1943 | 15:31 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 44862Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Karachev |
95 | 11 November 1943 | 10:42 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 06762Шаблон:Sfn |
Awards
- Iron Cross (1939)
- 2nd Class (March 1942)Шаблон:Sfn
- 1st Class (3 February 1943)Шаблон:Sfn
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 13 September 1943 as Oberfeldwebel and pilotШаблон:Sfn
- German Cross in Gold on 31 August 1943 as Oberfeldwebel in the I./Jagdgeschwader 54Шаблон:Sfn
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 26 March 1944 as Oberfeldwebel and pilot in the 3./Jagdgeschwader 54Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
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