Английская Википедия:Apollodorus of Damascus
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox architect
Apollodorus of Damascus (Шаблон:Lang-grc)[1] was an architect and engineer from Roman Syria, who flourished during the 2nd century AD.[2][3][4] As an engineer he authored several technical treatises, and his massive architectural output gained him immense popularity during his time.[5] He is one of the few architects whose name survives from antiquity, and is credited with introducing several Eastern innovations to the Roman Imperial style, such as making the dome a standard.
Early life
Apollodorus was born in Damascus, Roman Syria. Sources refer to him as ethnically Nabatean,[6][7] although other sources refer to him as Greek.[8][9] Little is known of his early life, but he started his career as a military engineer[10] before meeting future emperor Trajan in Damascus, then being summoned to Rome by him when he was a consul in 91 AD, after his twentieth birthday,Шаблон:Sfn and later accompanying him during the Second Dacian War in 105 AD.[11]
Work
Apollodorus was Trajan's favored architect and engineer. He designed and oversaw the construction of the Forum, Markets, Temple of Trajan, and Trajan's Column (the first monument of its kind), and the Stadium of Domitian within the city of Rome. Outside the capital, Apollodorus built bridges across the Danube and the Tagus in Spain and designed the triumphal arches of Trajan at Benevento and Ancona.Шаблон:Sfn He is the author of Siege Engines (Πολιορκητικά), dedicated to an unnamed emperor, likely Trajan.Шаблон:Sfn
Style
Fiorella Festa Farina, Director of the Italian Institute of Culture in Damascus, described the technical prowess of Apollodorus as stemming from his cultural roots and the architectural tradition of Syria, modes of thought."Шаблон:Fragment[13] He was known for his practical and robust designs. It was likely due to his influence that domes became a standard element in Roman architecture.[14]
Death
Cassius Dio reports that Apollodorus offended Hadrian by dismissing and ridiculing the emperor's forays into architecture, which led to his banishment and death (although doubts have been raised concerning the veracity of Dio's claim).[15]
In literature
Шаблон:Unreferenced section Apollodorus of Damascus plays an important role in the later part of the historical novel Empire by Steven Saylor. The (fictional) protagonist Marcus Pinarius, a talented young sculptor and architect, becomes Apollodorus' protege, accompanies him during the war in Dacia and on various building projects in Rome, and later marries Apollodorus' daughter. After Apollodorus' banishment, Pinarius takes his place as the favorite architect of Hadrian. While all that is fictional, the book follows the known facts of Apollodorus' life (and accepts the account of his death at Hadrian's hands).
See also
Notes
References
- Шаблон:EB1911
- Шаблон:Cite book
- James Grout: 'Apollodorus of Damascus,' part of the Encyclopædia Romana
- Cassius Dio 'Roman History' 69.3,4
External links
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ George Sarton (1936), "The Unity and Diversity of the Mediterranean World", Osiris. 2: 406-463 [430]
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Greek and Roman Military Writers, Routledge, 2004
- ↑ Engineers: From the Great Pyramids to Spacecraft, Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2017
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Apollodorus of Damascus And Trajan's Column, Maamoun Abdulkarim, L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2003, p. 9
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ R. T. Ridley (1989), "The Fate of an Architect, Apollodoros of Damascus", Athenaeum. 67: 551-65.
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