Английская Википедия:April 1968

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Файл:Martin luther king 2 cropped.jpg
April 4, 1968: The assassination of Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Файл:Martin Luther King was shot here Small Web view.jpg
The balcony outside Room 306
Файл:LBJ signing Civil Rights Act of 1968 ppmsca.03196.jpg
April 11, 1968: President Johnson signs Civil Rights Bill of 1968
Файл:James Earl Ray-F.B.I. wanted poster-.jpg
April 20, 1968: FBI identifies King's accused assassin

The following events occurred in April 1968:

April 1, 1968 (Monday)

April 2, 1968 (Tuesday)

April 3, 1968 (Wednesday)

  • At the request of Mayor Henry Loeb of Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. District Judge Bailey Brown issued a temporary restraining order to prohibit Martin Luther King Jr.'s plan to lead a march of 6,000 men through Memphis on April 8. King announced that he would ignore the order, telling the press "We are not going to be stopped by Mace or injunctions or any other method that the city plans to use."[15] King's attorneys appeared in court the next morning for a hearing to set aside the injunction.[16]
  • King delivered his final speech, later known as "I've Been to the Mountaintop", in the Masonic Temple in Memphis, in what was later described as "in many respects, a summary of the cause to which King had dedicated his life"[17] and "An eerie prescience of his death".[18] Commenting about a prior stabbing and about threats to his life, he asked "What would happen to me from some of our sick white brothers? Well, I don't know what will happen now... But it really doesn't matter with me now, because I've been to the mountaintop."
  • Following discussions at the Manned Space Flight Management Council meeting at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on March 21–24, Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight George E. Mueller and Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) Director Robert R. Gilruth concluded between April 3 and 15 that, with the stringent funding restraints facing the Apollo Applications Program (AAP), the most practical near-term program was a Saturn IB Orbital Workshop (OWS) designed to simplify operational modes and techniques in Earth orbit.[19]
  • The first round of the 22nd annual draft of the National Basketball Association was held. Wes Unseld was the first choice, picked by the Baltimore Bullets.
  • Born: Jamie Hewlett, British artist, songwriter, and co-creator of Tank Girl and the virtual band Gorillaz; in Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales[20]

April 4, 1968 (Thursday)

  • American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated as he stood on a balcony at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis. King and his associate, Ralph Abernathy, had been staying at Room 306 of the motel. James Earl Ray had rented a room at a boarding house that had a view of the motel. At 6:01 in the evening, King was preparing to go to dinner with his associates and was walking back into the room to get his overcoat. At that moment, Ray allegedly fired a single shot from a .30-06 rifle, and the bullet struck King in the neck. King was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital and pronounced dead at 7:05. The powerful figure, described as a weapon of non-violence, died at the age of 39.[21][22][23]
  • U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy went ahead with a rally in Indianapolis, where he gave a short but powerful speech that is sometimes credited with having limited the rioting that would be seen in many other American cities immediately following the assassination.[24][25]
Файл:Apollo 6 launch.jpg
April 4, 1968: Launch of Apollo 6
  • NASA launched the uncrewed Apollo 6 from Cape Kennedy at 7:00 a.m. as the second test flight of the Saturn V launch vehicle. The rocket propelled a mockup of the 28-ton CSM (Command/Service Module) and the 17-ton Apollo Lunar Module into earth orbit, but the premature shutdown of two second stage engines and the overcompensation of other engines put the vehicles into an altitude "110 miles too high" and consumed most of the fuel that would have been necessary to propel the craft out of Earth orbit and to the Moon. "If the Apollo 6 had carried men," an AP report noted, "a mission to the moon would have been aborted."[26] The craft re-entered the atmosphere almost 10 hours after its launch; the USS Okinawa recovered it in the Pacific Ocean.[27][28]
  • The Reverend Terence Cooke was installed as the new Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York in an investiture ceremony that began at 1:00 p.m. at St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan.[29]
  • Jozef Lenárt, who had been Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia since 1963, resigned along with his cabinet in the wake of the reforms of the Prague Spring. The Central Committee of the Czechoslovakian Communist Party asked Lenart to step down at an evening meeting, where its members took an unprecedented vote by secret ballot. The Central Committee appointed Deputy Prime Minister Oldrich Cernik to succeed Lenart.[30]
  • Died: Erno Crisa, 54, Italian character actor

April 5, 1968 (Friday)

April 6, 1968 (Saturday)

Файл:Pierre Trudeau (1975).jpg
Prime Minister Trudeau
Файл:SA SN tree.jpg
Tower over the HemisFair

April 7, 1968 (Sunday)

Файл:Jim Clark 1965.jpg
Clark
  • Died: Jim Clark, 32, Scottish racing driver and twice racing world champion, was killed while competing in the 1968 Deutschland Trophäe, a Formula 2 auto race, at the Hockenheimring in West Germany. Clark was driving at top speed on a straightaway during the rain when he lost control.[50] His Lotus-Ford 48 suddenly veered off the track and flipped into trees in an adjacent forest, and Clark died instantly from a broken neck and multiple skull fractures.[51]

April 8, 1968 (Monday)

April 9, 1968 (Tuesday)

Файл:Coretta Scott King by Moneta Sleet.jpg
April 9, 1968: Coretta Scott King at her husband's funeral, comforting their daughter, Bernice King

April 10, 1968 (Wednesday)

April 11, 1968 (Thursday)

Файл:Rudi.jpg
Rudi Dutschke
  • Rudi Dutschke, the leader of the West German left-wing movement (APO), was seriously wounded in an assassination attempt by Josef Bachmann, who shot Dutschke twice in the head outside the Socialist German Student Union (Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund, or SDS) offices on the Kurfürstendamm in West Berlin.[70] Dutschke survived after emergency surgery, but would suffer seizures for the rest of his life and would die of his brain injuries 11 years later.[71]
  • German left-wing students blockaded the Springer Press HQ in Berlin and many were arrested, including Ulrike Meinhof, who would found the Baader-Meinhof Gang.[72]
  • U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which included the Fair Housing Act as its Title VIII section, into law. For the first time, it was a violation of federal law for a homeowner to refuse to sell or rent a dwelling to a person based upon race, color, religion, or national origin.[73] A day earlier, the bill had been approved by the U.S. House of Representatives, 250 to 172, after clearing the U.S. Senate, 71–20, on March 11.[74]
  • Tampa, Florida, became the first city to rename a street as a legacy to Martin Luther King Jr., with the city council voting unanimously "to change the name of Main Street, between North Boulevard and MacDill Avenue to Dr. Martin Luther King Boulevard in honor of the assassinated Negro leader."[75]

April 12, 1968 (Friday)

  • The 36-story Kasumigaseki Building was opened in Tokyo as the first modern office skyscraper in Japan.[76] It would remain the tallest building in Tokyo until 1970 when superseded by the World Trade Center (Tokyo).[77]
  • The Passover Seder was celebrated in the city of Hebron ten months after Israel had acquired the territory in the Six-Day War, and for the first time since the 1929 Hebron massacre.[78] Over 40 Orthodox Jews gathered at the Al-Naher Al-Khaled Hotel (as the guests of the Palestinian Arab hotel owner, Fahed Al-Qwasmeh) after Rabbi Moshe Levinger had advertised the gathering in a newspaper advertisement. Although Israeli General Uzi Narkiss had granted Levinger's party permission to enter the Palestinian city on the agreement that they would depart the next day, the group hoisted the Israeli flag over the hotel and announced their plans to stay in town permanently. After moving from the hotel to a military compound on the edge of Hebron, the increasing number of Israeli settlers would establish Kiryat Arba, a permanent settlement on the West Bank, in 1970.[79]
  • Born: Muhammad Khan Bhatti, Pakistani civil servant; in Mandi Bahauddin[80]
  • Died: Heinz Nordhoff, 69, CEO of Volkswagen who rebuilt the "people's car" company in West Germany after World War II

April 13, 1968 (Saturday)

April 14, 1968 (Sunday)

  • Golf's Masters Tournament was won by one stroke by Bob Goalby, even though he and Roberto De Vicenzo had both made 277 strokes on 72 holes. On the par-4 17th (and penultimate) hole, De Vicenzo had made a birdie (one stroke under the par-4, or three strokes overall), but his golfing partner, Tommy Aaron, had written "4" on the scorecard and added the score to 66. De Vicenzo then signed the card without noting the error, and rather than heading to an 18-hole playoff to break a 277–277 tie with Goalby, De Vicenzo was deemed under Masters Tournament rules to have finished in second place. Argentina-born De Vicenzo was a good sport about the loss by a technicality, and, in acknowledging that he had signed the scorecard without looking at it, commented to reporters, "What a stupid I am!".[85]
  • A nova of the star LV Vul, located within the region of the constellation Vulpecula, was observed on Earth for the first time. English astronomer George Alcock spotted the event nine months after he discovered Nova Delphini (HR Del) in 1967. The peak magnitude of LV Vul (4.8) would be observed on April 21.[86]
  • Infiltrators from North Korea crossed the demilitarized zone into South Korea and ambushed a United States Army truck carrying six soldiers about 800 yards away from Panmunjom, killing two Americans and two South Koreans. The other two occupants, both American, survived.[87]
  • The Soyuz test spacecraft Kosmos 212 was launched by the Soviet Union. The next day, Kosmos 213 was launched and the two uncrewed ships were linked together by remote commands from the Soviet Union.[88]
  • Born: Anthony Michael Hall, American film and television actor; in West Roxbury, Boston

April 15, 1968 (Monday)

  • The New York Mets and the Houston Astros went into extra innings in a game at the Astrodome, summarized by the headline in The Sporting News, "24 Innings, Six Hours, One Run".[89] The game ended at 1:37 on Tuesday morning when Mets' shortstop Al Weis let a ground ball roll between his feet with the bases loaded, permitting the Astros' Norm Miller to score the winning run for the 1–0 victory. By then, less than 1,000 of the 14,219 paid customers were still watching.[90]
  • Born:
  • Died:

April 16, 1968 (Tuesday)

  • A huge contingent of Italian neo-fascists began a “study trip” in Greece, organized by the colonels’ regime to teach the techniques of the false flag and of the coup d’état. Some of the “students”, including Pino Rauti and Stefano Delle Chiaie, would later be involved in the 1969 Piazza Fontana bombing.[91]
  • The Memphis sanitation strike, which had brought Martin Luther King Jr. to the site of his assassination, ended after 65 days with an agreement between the city of Memphis, Tennessee and its 1,300 garbage collectors. The men's right to organize a labor union took effect immediately, and effective May 1, sanitation workers, were to see a 10 cent per hour increase in their wages, which ranged from $1.65 to $2.10 per hour.[92]
  • In a speech before the National Space Club in Washington, AAP Director Charles W. Mathews stated that, beyond the goal of landing on the Moon, NASA's overall plan for human space exploration comprised "a balanced activity of lunar exploration and extension of man's capabilities in Earth orbit." The AAP, Mathews declared, contained sufficient flexibility so that it could be conducted in harmony with available resources: "We are also prepared to move forward at an increased pace when it is desirable and possible to do so." He said contingency planning left room for both budgetary and mission goal changes, thus answering congressional criticism that NASA had not provided sufficient flexibility regarding long-term goals.[19]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Albert Betz, 82, German physicist and aerospace engineering pioneer for his developments of wind turbine technology. The Betz limit equation (also known as Betz's law for maximum capture of kinetic energy from wind was discovered by him in 1919.
    • Fay Bainter, 74, American film actress and Academy Award winner for her supporting role in the 1938 film Jezebel
    • Edna Ferber, 82, American novelist, playwright, and Pulitzer Prize winner
    • Nelly Corradi, 53, Italian opera singer and actress

April 17, 1968 (Wednesday)

April 18, 1968 (Thursday)

April 19, 1968 (Friday)

  • Minnesota insurance agent Ralph Plaisted and three other members of his amateur exploration expedition became the first people to reach the North Pole by an overland route since 1909, and possibly the first ever, after completing a 474-mile, 44-day trip by snowmobiles. Plaisted, Walter H. Pederson, Gerald R. Pitzel and Jean Luc Bombardier (employed by Bombardier Inc. as a technician to service the Bombardier snowmobiles) arrived at the top of the world at 2100 UTC (3:00 p.m. in Minnesota).[96] In later years, as historians came to doubt that Robert Peary's expedition had actually reached the North Pole on April 6, 1909, a historian would note that although "most of the media considered Plaisted's trek more of a stunt than the actual achievement that it was... it was Plaisted, the amateur explorer and insurance salesman from Duluth— and not Robert Peary— who was first to reach the Pole over the pack ice."[97]
  • Led by Sergeant Major John Amadu Bangura of the Army of Sierra Leone, a group of non-commissioned officers overthrew the military government of General Andrew Juxon-Smith and other members of the National Reformation Council who had staged a coup in 1967.[98] Juxon-Smith and his deputy, Major William Leigh, were arrested and the mutineers set up a 14-member "National Interim Council" chaired by Warrant Officer First Class Patrick Conteh.[99][100] Bangura pledged to restore civilian rule and to invited Sir Henry Lightfoot Boston, who had forced to leave after the 1967 coup, to reassume his role as Governor-General.[101]
  • In Valdagno (Vicenza) a strike at the Marzotto textile factory, to protest 400 layoffs, became a battle between workers (joined by some students) and police. The protesters knocked over the monument of the company founder, Gaetano Marzotto, and seized the villas of the estate managers. Dozens of protesters and policemen were injured and 42 workers were arrested. A week later, in solidarity with the strikers, most of the Valdagno town council resigns. The episode started the Hot Autumn, a season of hard conflicts in other Italian factories.[102]
  • Amby Burfoot won the 72nd Boston Marathon.[103]
  • Born: Ashley Judd, American actress and political activist; as Ashley Tyler Ciminella in Los Angeles
  • Died: Major General Ronald Urquhart, 62, British Army officer and former commandant of the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst

April 20, 1968 (Saturday)

  • South African Airways Flight 228 crashed just after its 9:00 p.m. takeoff from J. G. Strijdom International Airport in Windhoek, South-West Africa (now Namibia), killing 123 of the 128 people on board.[104] The destruction of the Boeing 707-344C jet Pretoria remains the deadliest aviation accident in Namibian history.[105]
  • British Conservative MP Enoch Powell made what would become known as the Rivers of Blood speech, criticising Commonwealth immigration and anti-discrimination legislation in the Race Relations Bill. Addressing the annual meeting of the West Midlands Conservative Political Centre in Birmingham, Powell did not use the phrase "rivers of blood" but quoted a section of Virgil's Aeneid and said that as he looked ahead, like the Roman author, "I seem to see 'the River Tiber foaming with much blood.'” (Bella, horrida bella, Et Thybrim multo spumantem sanguine), an allusion to a civil war brought on by the decline of an empire.[106]
  • Pierre Trudeau was sworn in as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada, 48 hours ahead of the originally-scheduled Monday ceremony, in order to "make it possible for the new government to call an election on June 17 and be within the 58 days required by the election machinery".[107] However, Trudeau adjourned his first cabinet meeting without taking action before the 7:00 p.m. deadline.[108][109]
  • The FBI placed the name of James Earl Ray, whom it had initially identified as "Eric Starvo Galt", on its "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" List. The link to Ray, described as "a habitual criminal and escapee from the Mississippi State Prison", was made after a comparison of fingerprints at the scene to records of more than 53,000 convicted criminals.[110] Since nobody was removed from the list, the naming of Ray marked the second time in FBI history that there were 11 people on the 10-person list.[111] Four days later, the list would return to 10 after the arrest of fugitive Howard Callens Johnson.[112]
  • MGM's classic film The Wizard of Oz made its NBC debut after having been telecast on CBS since 1956. It would remain on NBC for the next 8 years.[113]
  • Born:
  • Died: Rudolph Dirks, 91, Comic strip artist. Known for creating The Katzenjammer Kids, one of the earliest and most noted comic strip in history[114]

April 21, 1968 (Sunday)

  • Enoch Powell was dismissed from the Shadow Cabinet by Opposition leader Edward Heath as a result of his "Rivers of Blood" speech of the previous day, despite several opinion polls suggesting that many of the public shared Powell's anti-immigrant views.[115] Heath, a future Prime Minister, said in a statement that "I have told Mr. Powell that I consider the speech he made in Birmingham yesterday to have been racialist in tone, and liable to exacerbate racial tensions. This is unacceptable from one of the leaders of the Conservative Party..."[116][117]

April 22, 1968 (Monday)

  • Civilian government was partially restored to the West African nation of Sierra Leone, three days after a coup overthrew the military government, as Chairman Patrick Conteh of the National Interim Council yielded to Chief Justice Banja Tejan-Sie as the nation's acting Governor-General. Tejan-Sie would continue in that role until his dismissal on March 31, 1971.[99]
  • The Treaty of Tlatelolco, a pledge by most of the nations of the Western Hemisphere agreeing to ban "the testing, use, manufacture, production or acquisition by any means or type" of nuclear weapons within their countries, went into effect. It had been signed in Mexico City on February 14, 1967.[118]
  • The United Nations Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space, conventionally known as the Rescue Agreement, was signed by the United States, the Soviet Union, and other nations. It would enter into force on December 3, 1968.[119]
  • The Lebanese cargo ship Alheli (which had served in World War II as the Liberty ship SS Henry Dodge) was abandoned in the North Atlantic Ocean after springing a leak while en route from Almería to Wilmington, Delaware with a cargo of fluorspar. All 26 members of the crew were rescued by a British freighter, the Megantic, 900 miles east of Bermuda, and were then transferred to the U.S. Coast Guard cutter USCGC Mendota.[120] The Alheli would sink to the bottom of the sea two days later at Шаблон:Coord.[121]
  • Died: Stephen H. Sholes, 57, American record producer for RCA Victor; of a heart attack

April 23, 1968 (Tuesday)

April 24, 1968 (Wednesday)

  • Columbia University students, protesting against the Vietnam War, took over administration buildings and effectively shut down the Ivy League institution in New York City.[131] The siege would last for six days until broken up by the New York Police Department on April 30.[132]
  • The International Olympic Committee announced that South Africa would be excluded from participating in the 1968 Summer Olympics. After the ballots were counted from the 71 IOC Board members, the result was 47 in favor of banning South Africa, 16 against, and 8 abstaining.[133][134]
  • By a margin of just 8 votes, the government of France's Prime Minister Georges Pompidou survived a motion of censure on plans to introduce commercial advertising on France's ORTF state-operated television network.[135] At the time, there were 486 members of the Assemblée Nationale, and the motion required at least 244 members to vote in its favor, which would require every one of the 244 opposition members to approve. A coalition of Socialists, Communists and Centrists was able to get 236 votes.[136]
  • Police in Mexico arrested an American hitchhiker on suspicion that he was the assassin of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.. Daniel D. Kennedy, of Baltimore, was handcuffed while dining in a cafe in the town of Caborca in the state of Sonora, then brought to Hermosillo for 12 hours of questioning. He was released the next day. A police spokesman told the press afterward that Kennedy "didn't match the photographs" of James Earl Ray "at all".[137] On the same day, a Canadian passport was issued to Ray in the name of Ramon George Sneyd, a Toronto policeman whose identity Ray had stolen.[138]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Walter Tewksbury, 92, American track and field athlete who won five medals at the 1900 Summer Olympics
    • Tommy Noonan, 46, American film actor; of a brain tumor

April 25, 1968 (Thursday)

Файл:1968 NASA concept for Earth-orbital laboratory.jpg
One concept for the space laboratory
  • NASA published a report containing 18 conceptual designs for the Earth-orbital spacecraft lunar module adapter laboratory prepared by spacecraft design experts of the MSC Advanced Spacecraft Technology Division. One such configuration (pictured) was developed to illustrate the extent to which the building block philosophy could be carried. It would utilize both Gemini and Apollo spacecraft and would require 2 uncrewed launches and 10 crewed logistic launches.[19]
  • Born: Massimo Di Cataldo, Italian singer; in Rome
  • Died:
    • Anna Maria Mussolini, 38, daughter of Benito Mussolini. She had been disabled by polio since childhood. In order not to be identified with the Fascist era, she had attempted to start a career as a radio host under a nickname.
    • Donald Davidson, 74, American poet, author, and proponent of racial segregation

April 26, 1968 (Friday)

  • The second-largest hydrogen bomb ever tested in the continental United States was detonated underground at the Nevada Test Site. With a yield of 1.3 Megaton, the blast was so powerful that it registered at 6.5 on the Richter Scale and shook buildings 100 miles away in Las Vegas. The crater formed by the weapon, code-named "Boxcar", was 300 feet wide and 50 feet deep.[141]
  • Siaka Stevens was sworn in as the Prime Minister of Sierra Leone, taking the office to which he had been elected in 1967 before a military coup, and restoring Sierra Leone to civilian rule. In 1971, Stevens would become the nation's first President when his nation became a republic.[142]
  • An estimated 200,000 college and high school students in New York City failed to show up for school after a call for a nationwide protest by the Student Mobilization Committee To End the War In Vietnam,[143] but, as contemporary accounts noted "outside of New York City, it appeared that only small numbers of students were taking part in the activities"[144] and "most schools across the country reported normal or near-normal activities".[145] More than 20 years later, a historian would claim that "the largest student protest in the nation's history occurred as more than one million high school and college students boycotted classes to show their disdain for the war."[146]
  • Born: Corrinne Wicks, English TV soap opera actress; in Cheltenham
  • Died: John Heartfield (Helmut Herzfeld), 76, German artist and anti-fascist activist

April 27, 1968 (Saturday)

  • The Abortion Act 1967 came into effect in the UK, legalizing abortion on a number of grounds, with the abortions paid by the National Health Service.[147] The law required an agreement by "two registered medical practitioners" that the risk to the life or to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman would be "greater than if the pregnancy was not terminated" or if there was a substantial risk that the unborn child would be seriously handicapped.[148]
  • Surgeons at the Hôpital de la Pitié in Paris, began the first heart transplant operation to be performed in Europe, and the seventh in the world. A three-man surgical team, led by Dr. Christian Cabrol, began the surgery after 23-year-old Michel Gyppaz died of brain injuries received in an automobile accident, and completed it nine hours later. The recipient, Clovis Roblain, suffered damage during the operation after a decrease in the supply of blood and oxygen to his brain.[149] He never regained consciousness and died 51 hours after receiving the new heart.[150][151]
  • The vacant world heavyweight boxing championship was filled by Jimmy Ellis, one year to the day after the World Boxing Association had stripped the title from Muhammad Ali on April 28, 1967. Ellis— who, like Ali, was a native of Louisville, Kentucky— was considered the underdog in the fight in Oakland against Jerry Quarry, won in a split decision after 15 rounds against Quarry, with two judges in his favor and the third calling the bout a draw.[152]
  • U.S. Vice President Hubert Humphrey formally announced that he would seek the Democratic Party nomination to run for President of the United States. Humphrey committed to the run during a speech to supporters at the Shoreham Hotel in Washington, and American television networks interrupted their regular programming to show the speech live.[153][154]
  • National Airlines stopped operating its last Lockheed L-188A Electra propjets and became an "all-jet airline". Its fleet operated Douglas DC-8 and Boeing 727 aircraft.[155] The final flight originated in Boston and made five stops before touching down in Fort Myers, Florida.[156]

April 28, 1968 (Sunday)

April 29, 1968 (Monday)

April 30, 1968 (Tuesday)

  • New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller announced that he would challenge frontrunner Richard M. Nixon for the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States.[162]
  • Officers of the NYPD retook control of five occupied buildings on the campus of Columbia University, arrested 720 demonstrators, and ended the strike that had closed the institution.[163]
  • Jim Cairns unsuccessfully challenged Gough Whitlam for leadership of the Australian Labor Party. The ALP caucus gave Whitlam 38 votes and Cairns 32.[164]
  • The deployment of the 27th U.S. Marine Regimental Landing Team brought the number of Marines stationed in Vietnam to four less than 86,000. The 85,996 U.S. Marines represent the peak of that service branch's presence in the Vietnam War.[165]
  • Died: Clovis Roblain, 65, died less than six hours after receiving the first heart transplant performed in Europe.[166]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Events by month links

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  1. ↑ A. J. C. Lavalle, The Vietnamese Air Force, 1951-1975: An Analysis of Its Role in Combat and Fourteen Hours at Koh Tang Front Cover (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975) p53
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ "Two Quakes Jolt Japan", Pittsburgh Post Gazette, April 2, 1968, p13
  4. ↑ "Andy Griffith Yields "Mayberry" to New Cast— Series Will Continue With Shift in Action", Arizona Star (Tucson), March 30, 1968, pB-17
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ "Red Scientist Dies '5th Time'", Pittsburgh Press, April 2, 1968, p8
  7. ↑ "Baader, Andreas", in Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups by Stephen E. Atkins (Greenwood Publishing, 2004) p37
  8. ↑ Otto F. A. Meinardus, Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity (American University in Cairo Press, 2002) p79
  9. ↑ The Statesman's Year-Book 1968-69, ed. by S. H. Steinberg (Springer, 1968) p xiv
  10. ↑ "Central Africa Charter Looms", Orlando (FL) Evening Star, April 2, 1968, p1
  11. ↑ "North Viet 'Willing To Talk' About Conditions For Peace— Hanoi Seeks Complete Halt Of Bombing", Pittsburgh Press, April 3, 1968, p1
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  13. ↑ Kim R. Holston, Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973 (McFarland, 2012) p214
  14. ↑ Mike Ryan, The Operators: Inside the World's Special Forces (Skyhorse Publishing, 2008) p107
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 Шаблон:Source attribution Шаблон:Cite book
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  28. ↑ 28,0 28,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  36. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  43. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  47. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  49. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  51. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  52. ↑ "36 Die In Crash of Chilean Airliner", Pittsburgh Press, April 9, 1968, p1
  53. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  54. ↑ "British Airliner Burns on Takeoff", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 9, 1968, p2
  55. ↑ Susan Ottaway, Fire over Heathrow: The Tragedy of Flight 712 (Pen and Sword, 2008)
  56. ↑ "Kidnaping Death Law Is Altered— Supreme Court Cuts Clause In Lindbergh Statute", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 9, 1968, p2
  57. ↑ "'King Day' Urged By GOP Senator", Pittsburgh Press, April 9, 1968, p1
  58. ↑ Bulletin, Problems of Drug Dependence (National Research Council, 1969) p5660
  59. ↑ Douglas Valentine, The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America's War on Drugs (Verso Press, 2004), p1
  60. ↑ James Reston, Jr., A Rift in the Earth: Art, Memory, and the Fight for a Vietnam War Memorial (Skyhorse Publishing, 2017)
  61. ↑ "Janos Kadar and the Czechoslovak Crisis of 1968", by Istvan Vida, in The Cold War: Hot Wars of the Cold War, Volume 3, ed. by Lori Lyn Bogle (Taylor & Francis, 2001) p296
  62. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  63. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  64. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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  67. ↑ "150 Feared Dead As Ferry Sinks", Pittsburgh Press, April 10, 1968, p1
  68. ↑ "New President for South Africa", Des Moines Tribune, April 10, 1968, p4
  69. ↑ "South Africa, Republic of" in Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992, ed. by Harris M. Lentz (Routledge, 2013) p692
  70. ↑ "'Red' Rudi Shot in Berlin", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 12, 1968, p6
  71. ↑ David Clay Large, Berlin (Basic Books, 2007)
  72. ↑ "Rudi's Shooting Sparks German Streets Rioting", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 13, 1968, p2
  73. ↑ "President Signs Rights Bill Into Law", Minneapolis Tribune, April 12, 1968, p15
  74. ↑ Lawrence J. McAndrews, What They Wished for: American Catholics and American Presidents, 1960-2004 (University of Georgia Press, 2014) p72
  75. ↑ "Renaming Honors King", The Tampa Times, April 11, 1968, p1
  76. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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  81. ↑ J. Isawa Elaigwu, Gowon: The Biography of a Soldier-Statesman (Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd, 2009) p153
  82. ↑ "Elections", in Historical Dictionary of Singapore, by Justin Corfield (Scarecrow Press, 2010) p80
  83. ↑ "Moon Eclipse Friday Night", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 11, 1968, p2
  84. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  85. ↑ "Error Costs De Vicenzo Masters Tie"Шаблон:Dead link, The Milwaukee Journal, April 15, 1968, p2-13
  86. ↑ Martin Mobberley, Cataclysmic Cosmic Events and How to Observe Them (Springer, 2009) p51
  87. ↑ "North Korean Raid, Killings Protested", Pittsburgh Press, April 15, 1968, p1
  88. ↑ "Russia Links 2 Spaceships", Pittsburgh Press, April 15, 1968, p1
  89. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  90. ↑ "Astros Outlast Mets On Error In 24th, 1-0", Pittsburgh Press, April 16, 1968, p1
  91. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  92. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  93. ↑ "FBI 'Fleshes Out' King Case Phantom", Pittsburgh Press, April 18, 1968, p1
  94. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  95. ↑ "Arizona Gets London Bridge", Pittsburgh Press, April 18, 1968, p4
  96. ↑ "4 Explorers Sitting 'On Top Of World'", Pittsburgh Press, April 20, 1968, p3
  97. ↑ Charles Officer and Jake Page, A Fabulous Kingdom: The Exploration of the Arctic (Oxford University Press, 2012)
  98. ↑ "Mutinous Troops Take over in Sierra Leone", Arizona Republic (Phoenix), April 19, 1968, p2
  99. ↑ 99,0 99,1 "Sierra Leone, Republic of" in Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992, ed. by Harris M. Lentz (Routledge, 2013) p679
  100. ↑ "NCOs seize power", The Age (Melbourne), April 20, 1968, p2
  101. ↑ "Civilian rule 'soon'", The Age (Melbourne), April 22, 1968, p2
  102. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  103. ↑ "Amby Burfoot Wins Boston's Marathon", Hartford Courant, April 20, 1968, p17
  104. ↑ "123 Feared Dead In Jetliner Crash", Pittsburgh Press, April 21, 1968, p1
  105. ↑ Edgar A. Haine, Disaster in the Air (Cornwall Books, 2000) pp139-140
  106. ↑ Leo Lucassen, The Immigrant Threat: The Integration of Old and New Migrants in Western Europe Since 1850 (University of Illinois Press, 2005) p126
  107. ↑ "Trudeau Sworn In Today", Montreal Gazette, April 20, 1968, p1
  108. ↑ "June Election Date Still A Possibility", Montreal Gazette, April 22, 1968, p1
  109. ↑ "Trudeau, Pierre Elliott", by Paul D. Mageli, in Dictionary of World Biography, Volume IX: The 20th Century, O-Z (Routledge, 1999) p3732
  110. ↑ "FBI Print Check Puts Galt-Ray On '10 Most Wanted'", Pittsburgh Press, April 20, 1968, p1
  111. ↑ "King Suspect 'Number Up'", Pittsburgh Press, April 21, 1968, p1
  112. ↑ "FBI Seizes One Of 'Top 10'", Pittsburgh Press, April 24, 1968, p1
  113. ↑ "'Wizard' Back Again", Indianapolis Star, April 20, 1968, p18
  114. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  115. ↑ Enoch Powell's Rivers of Blood Speech Шаблон:Webarchive
  116. ↑ "Mr Heath dismisses Mr Powell after 'racialist' speech", The Guardian (London), April 22, 1968, p1
  117. ↑ "Tory Chief Fires Powell, Assails Speech as Racist", Chicago Tribune, April 22, 1968, p1
  118. ↑ Haralambos Athanasopulos, Nuclear Disarmament in International Law (McFarland, 2000) p39
  119. ↑ Cologne Commentary on Space Law: Outer Space Treaty, ed. by Stephan Hobe, et al. (BWV Verlag, 2017)
  120. ↑ "Lebanese Crew Rescued From Its Sinking Ship", Cincinnati Enquirer, April 23, 1968, p3
  121. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  122. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  123. ↑ "Ceremony Solemnizes EUB-Methodist Merger", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 24, 1968, p2
  124. ↑ Russell E. Richey, et al., American Methodism: A Compact History (Abingdon Press, 2012) p201
  125. ↑ Brian Harvey, Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration (Springer, 2007) p141
  126. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  127. ↑ "Elections To Be Held In Canada", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 24, 1968, p2
  128. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  129. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  130. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  131. ↑ "Student Sit-In Closes Columbia U. Campus", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 25, 1968, p2
  132. ↑ Catherine Reef, Education and Learning in America (Infobase Publishing, 2010) p240
  133. ↑ Oshebeng Alpheus Koonyaditse, The Politics of South African Football (African Books Collective, 2010) p33
  134. ↑ "IOC Excludes South Africa", Pittsburgh Press, April 24, 1968, p67
  135. ↑ Riccardo Brizzi, Charles De Gaulle and the Media: Leadership, TV and the Birth of the Fifth Republic (Springer, 2017) p257
  136. ↑ "Gaullists Barely Survive Assembly Censure Bid", The Courier-Journal (Louisville KY), April 25, 1968, p2
  137. ↑ "Mexico Frees King Suspect", Pittsburgh Press, April 25, 1968, p1
  138. ↑ William F. Pepper, The Plot to Kill King: The Truth Behind the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (Skyhorse Publishing, 2016)
  139. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  140. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  141. ↑ "'BIGGEST' H-BLAST ROCKS VEGAS— Underground Jolt Felt 100 Miles Off", Pittsburgh Press, April 26, 1968, p1
  142. ↑ The Statesman's Year-Book 1973/1974, ed. by John Paxton (Macmillan Press, 1973) p467
  143. ↑ "Students Protest Racism, War", Associated Press report in Lansing (MI) State Journal, April 27, 1968, p1
  144. ↑ "Students Protest War, Racism", Troy (NY) Record, April 27, 1968, p1
  145. ↑ "Student Protest On Viet Fizzles Across Country", Philadelphia Daily News, April 27, 1968, p5
  146. ↑ Margaret A. Blanchard, Revolutionary Sparks: Freedom of Expression in Modern America (Oxford University Press, 1992) p325
  147. ↑ "Abortions Now Legal In Britain", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 25, 1968, p2
  148. ↑ John Keown, Abortion, Doctors and the Law: Some Aspects of the Legal Regulation of Abortion in England from 1803 to 1982 (Cambridge University Press, 2002) pp84-85
  149. ↑ "Brain Damage Is Feared After French Transplant", Arizona Republic (Phoenix), April 30, 1968, p1
  150. ↑ "Heart swap man dies in Paris", The Age (Melbourne), May 1, 1968, p1
  151. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  152. ↑ "Underdog Ellis Beats Quarry— Louisville Heavy Gains Decision For WBA Crown", Pittsburgh Press, April 28, 1968, p4-1
  153. ↑ "HUBERT IN PRESIDENCY BID— Pictures His Bid as One to Unify Country, Party", Chicago Tribune, April 28, 1968, p1
  154. ↑ "HHH Throws Hat Into Political Ring", Hartford (CT) Courant, April 28, 1968, p1
  155. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  156. ↑ "National Airlines Workhouse Will Be Retired for All-Jets", Fort Myers News-Press, April 26, 1968, p1
  157. ↑ "Plane Crash Kills Track Team", Pittsburgh Press, April 29, 1968
  158. ↑ "Crash Kills 5 Lamar Tech Tracksters— On Return From Relays", San Antonio Express, April 29, 1968, p1-C
  159. ↑ "Howard Donald", Southern Daily Echo, 20 June 2007, retrieved 5 February 2010
  160. ↑ Frank Hoffmann, Chronology of American Popular Music, 1900-2000 (Routledge, 2016) p285
  161. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  162. ↑ "ROCKY RUNS, GIVES GOP 'CHOICE'— N.Y. Leader Enters Race Against Nixon", Pittsburgh Press, April 30, 1968, p1
  163. ↑ "N. Y. Cops Break Up Sit-In at Columbia U.", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 1, 1968, p1
  164. ↑ "Whitlam's win sparks a new dispute", Sydney Morning Herald, May 1, 1968, p1
  165. ↑ Jack Shulimson, U.S. Marines In Vietnam: The Defining Year, 1968 (Pickle Partners Publishing, 2015)
  166. ↑ "Transplant Patient Dies In France", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 1, 1968, p2
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