Английская Википедия:Aquila of Sinope
Шаблон:Short description Aquila (Hebrew: עֲקִילַס ʿăqīlas, fl. 130 AD) of Sinope (modern-day Sinop, Turkey; Шаблон:Lang-la) was a translator of the Hebrew Bible into Greek, a proselyte, and disciple of Rabbi Akiva.
Relationship to Onkelos
Opinions differ on whether he was the same person as Onkelos,[1][2] who composed the leading Aramaic translation of the Pentateuch, known as Targum Onkelos. The names "Onkelos the proselyte" and "Aquilas the proselyte" are frequently interchanged in the Babylonian Talmud and Jerusalem Talmud.[3]
It is not clear how much (if any) of the Aramaic translation was based on the Greek.
Greek translation
Only fragments of this translation have survived in what remains of fragmentary documents taken from the Books of Kings and the Psalms found in the old Cairo Geniza in Fustat, Egypt, while excerpts taken from the Hexapla written in the glosses of certain manuscripts of the Septuagint were collected earlier and published by Frederick Field in his momentous work, Шаблон:Lang, Oxford, 1875.[4] Epiphanius' De Ponderibus et Mensuris[5] preserves a tradition that he was a kinsman of the Roman emperor Hadrian, who employed him in rebuilding Jerusalem as Aelia Capitolina, and that Aquila was converted from Roman paganism to Christianity but, on being reproved for practicing astrology, converted from Christianity to Judaism.[6] He is said also to have been a disciple of Rabbi Akiva (d. ca. 132 CE). Шаблон:Sfn
In Jewish writings he is referred to as Akilas (Шаблон:Lang-he) and Onkelos (Шаблон:Lang-he). Aquila's version is said to have been used in place of the Septuagint in Greek-speaking synagogues. The Christians generally disliked it, alleging that it rendered the Messianic passages incorrectly, but Jerome and Origen speak in its praise.Шаблон:Sfn Origen incorporated it in his Hexapla.Шаблон:Sfn
The Hexapla were the only known extant fragments of the work until 1897, when fragments of two codices were brought to the Cambridge University Library. These have been published: the fragments containing 1 Kings 20:7-17; 2 Kings 23:12-27 (signed as AqBurkitt) by Francis Crawford Burkitt in 1897, those containing parts of Psalms 90-103 (signed as AqTaylor) by C. Taylor in 1899.Шаблон:Sfn A fuller discussion appears in the Jewish Encyclopedia.[4]
The surviving fragments of this translation, and of other Greek translations forming part of Origen's Hexapla, are now being re-published (with additional materials discovered since Field's edition) by an international group of Septuagint scholars. This work is being carried out as The Hexapla Project[7] under the auspices of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies,[8] and directed by Peter J. Gentry (Southern Baptist Theological Seminary), Alison G. Salvesen (University of Oxford), and Bas ter Haar Romeny (Leiden University).
See also
References
Шаблон:Reflist Attribution:
Шаблон:JewishEncyclopedia Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book Cf. Jenny R. Labendz, "Aquila's Bible Translation in Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Perspectives," The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 102, No. 3 (Jul., 2009), pp. 353-388: "Owing in large part to A. E. Silverstone's 1931 study, Aquila and Onkelos, scholars have long accepted the notion that Aquila is identical to Onkelos, a character mentioned numerous times in the Tosefta and to whom the Aramaic Bible translation is attributed in the Babylonian Talmud. However, there is no basis for this claim. As early as 1937, Leon Leibrich published a review of Silverstone's book that pointed to flaws in his logic, textual analysis, and assumptions, as well as to blatant inaccuracies in the work. Based on Leibrich's review and other points that space does not permit me to delineate here, it is clear to me that Onkelos bears no relation to Aquila...Moreover, already in the sixteenth century, the Italian scholar Azariah de Rossi set out to clear up this confusion and prove that the two were not the same. Sefer me 'or eynayim (ed. David Cassei; Vilna: 1866) 383-93 (Imre vinah, ch. 45); English translation in The Light of the Eyes: Azariah de' Rossi (ed. Joanna Weinberg; New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001) 571-85"
- ↑ Cf. Jerusalem Talmud, Megillah 10b (Commentary Korban Ha-Edah, ibid.) and Babylonian Talmud, Megillah 3a; Epiphanius' Treatise on Weights and Measures (Syriac version), ed. James Elmer Dean, Chicago University Press: Chicago 1935, p. 30
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Jewish Encyclopedia, F. C. Burkitt, AQUILA
- ↑ chapters 13-16; ed. Migne, 2 259-264
- ↑ Epiphanius' "Treatise on Weights and Measures" - Syriac Version (ed. James Elmer Dean), Chicago University Press c1935, pp. 30-31. Click to see online translation of Epiphanius' Treatise on Weights and Measures
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Website of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies
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