Английская Википедия:Arabic–Old French glossary
An Arabic–Old French glossary (or phrase book) occupies the final thirteen pages of the 16th-century manuscript Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Copte 43, where it functions as an appendix to an Arabic treatise on Coptic lexicography entitled al-Sullam al-ḥāwī ('the comprehensive ladder').Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The manuscript is a later copy. The glossary itself was probably compiled in the 13th century for Copts travelling in Outremer, where French was widely spoken.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The manuscript contains two dates, 1296 and 1310, but the glossary was probably compiled before the fall of Acre in 1291, since it refers to that city and to the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.Шаблон:Sfn
The glossary contains a list of Old French words and phrases written in Coptic script with their Arabic equivalents in Arabic script.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn There are 228 lemmata.Шаблон:Sfn The great majority are single words. There are only a few sentences.Шаблон:Sfn Coptic was probably chosen to represent the French because, unlike Arabic, it has characters for vowels.Шаблон:Sfn Only 27 of 31 Coptic letters are actually used, but this is more than the 22 Latin letters typically used for Old French.Шаблон:Sfn
The format of the glossary is the same as that of the preceding Sullam al-ḥāwī. The Coptic text, written left to right, is on the left and the right-to-left Arabic is on the right. This indicates that French was the source language and Arabic the target.Шаблон:Sfn The words and phrases are arranged thematically, the themes being religion, numerals, days of the week, occupations, metals, everyday phrases, fruits, animals, navigation, weather, musical instruments, weapons, celestial bodies and cardinal directions.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Some of the Old French terms are derived from Arabic and in the glossary translated back into Arabic.Шаблон:Sfn
The Copto-French orthography is based on the pronunciation of the Bohairic (north Egyptian) dialect of Coptic.Шаблон:Sfn According to Aslanov the French is a koiné specific to the Levant.Шаблон:Sfn It is most closely related to Walloon and in one case (ⲗⲱⲥⲑ, lōsth, 'the east') contains a Flemish loanward.Шаблон:Sfn There is evidence of codeswitching with Italian in a few phrases, and one sentence is entirely Italian: ⲥⲑⲁⲛⲡⲁϣ, stanpaš = stai in pace, 'be quiet'.Шаблон:Sfn There is also a set of words written in Coptic script in an unidentified language. Their Arabic translations are the names of numbers, but the source words are not from French.Шаблон:Sfn
The glossary is evidence that some Copts learned French in Acre.Шаблон:Sfn It has often been overlooked in crusader studies.Шаблон:Sfn Jacques-Joseph Champollion-Figeac published the Coptic text with transcription and modern French translation in 1829.Шаблон:Sfn The full text was edited and published by first Gaston Maspero in 1888 and subsequently by Cyril Aslanov in a 2006 monograph with commentary.[1]
Notes
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, n. 33, citing Шаблон:Harvnb and Шаблон:Harvnb.
