Английская Википедия:Archbishop of York
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox diocese Шаблон:Anglicanism The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man.
The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.[1]
History
Roman
There was a bishop in Eboracum (Roman York) from very early times; during the Middle Ages, it was thought to have been one of the dioceses established by the legendary King Lucius. Bishops of York are known to have been present at the councils of Arles (Eborius) and Nicaea (unnamed). However, this early Christian community was later destroyed by the pagan Anglo-Saxons and there is no direct succession from these bishops to the post-Augustinian ones.
Anglo-Saxon, Viking and Medieval times
The diocese was refounded by Paulinus (a member of Augustine's mission) in the 7th century. Notable among these early bishops is Wilfrid. These early bishops of York acted as diocesan rather than archdiocesan prelates until the time of Ecgbert of York,Шаблон:Efn who received the pallium from Pope Gregory III in 735 and established metropolitan rights in the north. Until the Danish invasion the archbishops of Canterbury occasionally exercised authority, and it was not until the Norman Conquest that the archbishops of York asserted their complete independence.
At the time of the Norman invasion York had jurisdiction over Worcester, Lichfield, and Lincoln, as well as claiming the dioceses in the Northern Isles and Scotland which were in fact independent. [2] But the first three sees just mentioned were taken from York in 1072. In 1154 the suffragan sees of the Isle of Man and Orkney were transferred to the Norwegian archbishop of Nidaros (today's Trondheim), and in 1188 York finally accepted it had no authority over all of the Scottish dioceses except Whithorn, so that only the dioceses of Whithorn, Durham, and Carlisle remained to the archbishops as suffragan sees. Of these, Durham was practically independent, for the palatine bishops of that see were little short of sovereigns in their own jurisdiction. Sodor and Man were returned to York during the 14th century, to compensate for the loss of Whithorn to the Scottish Church.
Several of the archbishops of York held the ministerial office of Lord Chancellor of England and played some parts in affairs of state. As Peter Heylyn (1600–1662) wrote: "This see has yielded to the Church eight saints, to the Church of Rome three cardinals, to the realm of England twelve Lord Chancellors and two Lord Treasurers, and to the north of England two Lord Presidents." The bishopric's role was also complicated by continued conflict over primacy with the see of Canterbury.
English Reformation
At the time of the English Reformation, York possessed three suffragan sees, Durham, Carlisle and Sodor and Man, to which during the brief space of Queen Mary I's reign (1553–1558) may be added the Diocese of Chester, founded by Henry VIII, but subsequently recognised by the Pope.
Until the mid 1530s (and from 1553 to 1558) the bishops and archbishops were in communion with the pope in Rome. This is no longer the case, as the archbishop of York, together with the rest of the Church of England, is a member of the Anglican Communion.
Walter de Grey purchased York Place as his London residence, which after the fall of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, was renamed the Palace of Whitehall.
Styles and privileges
Шаблон:Redirect The archbishop of York is an ex officio member of the House of Lords and is styled Primate of England (whereas the archbishop of Canterbury is the Primate of All England); he is referred to as "The Most Reverend", retired archbishops are styled as "The Right Reverend". As archbishops are, by convention, appointed to the Privy Council they may, therefore, also use the style of "The Right Honourable" for life (unless they are later removed from the council). In debates in the House of Lords, the archbishop is referred to as "The Most Reverend Primate, the archbishop of York". "The Right Honourable" is not used in this instance. He may also be formally addressed as "Your Grace"—or, more often these days, simply as "archbishop", or "Father".
The surname of the archbishop of York is not always used in formal documents; often only the first name and see are mentioned. The archbishop is legally entitled to sign his name as "Ebor" (from the Latin for York). The right to use a title as a legal signature is only permitted to bishops, peers of the Realm and peers by courtesy.Шаблон:Citation needed The current archbishop of York usually signs as "+Stephen Ebor".
In the English and Welsh order of precedence, the archbishop of York is ranked above all individuals in the realm, with the exception of the sovereign and members of the royal family, the archbishop of Canterbury and the Lord Chancellor.[3] Immediately below him is the Prime Minister and then the Lord President of the Council.
Present
The archbishop of York is the metropolitan bishop of the province of York and is the junior of the two archbishops of the Church of England after the archbishop of Canterbury.[4] The See is currently occupied by Stephen Cottrell since 9 July 2020.
The Province of York includes 10 Anglican dioceses in Northern England: Blackburn, Carlisle, Chester, Durham, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Sheffield, Leeds, and York, as well as 2 other dioceses: Southwell and Nottingham in the Midlands and Sodor and Man covering the Isle of Man.
List of archbishops
Pre-Conquest
| Bishops of York | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
| 625 | 633 | Paulinus | Formerly a monk at St. Andrew's Monastery in Rome; translated to Rochester; canonised.[5] |
| 633 | 664 | See vacant | |
| 664 | 669 | Chad | Resigned the see of York; later became bishop of Mercia and Lindsey; canonised. |
| 664 | 678 | Wilfrid (I) | Ejected from York; later became bishop of SelseyШаблон:Efncanonised. |
| 678 | 706 | Bosa | Canonised. |
| 706 | 714 | John of Beverley | Translated from Hexham; resigned the see; canonised in 1037. |
| 714 | 732 | Wilfrid (II) | Resigned the see; canonised. |
| Шаблон:Circa | 735 | Ecgbert | York elevated to archbishopric in 735. |
| Pre-Conquest archbishops of York | |||
| From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
| 735 | 766 | Ecgbert | York elevated to archbishopric in 735. |
| Шаблон:Circa | Шаблон:Circa | Æthelbert | Also known as Æthelbeorht, Adalberht, Ælberht, Aelberht, Aldbert or Æthelbert. |
| Шаблон:Circa | 796 | Eanbald (I) | |
| 796 | Шаблон:Circa | Eanbald (II) | |
| Шаблон:Circa | Шаблон:Circa | Wulfsige | |
| 837 | 854 | Wigmund | |
| 854 | Шаблон:Circa | Wulfhere | Fled the Danes in 872, returned in 873. |
| 900 | Шаблон:Circa | Æthelbald | Sometimes known as Æthelbeald, Athelbald, or Ethelbald. |
| Шаблон:Circa | 931 | Hrotheweard | Sometimes known as Lodeward. |
| 931 | 956 | Wulfstan (I) | |
| Шаблон:Circa | 971 | Oscytel | Also known as Oscytel. Translated from Dorchester. |
| 971 | Edwald | Also known as Edwaldus or Ethelwold. | |
| 971 | 992 | Oswald | Held both the sees of York and Worcester; canonised. |
| 995 | 1002 | Ealdwulf | Held both the sees of York and Worcester. |
| 1002 | 1023 | Wulfstan (II) | Also known as Lupus. Also held the see of Worcester (1002–1016). |
| 1023 | 1051 | Ælfric Puttoc | Also held the see of Worcester (1040–1041). |
| 1051 | 1060 | Cynesige | Also known as Kynsige. |
| 1061 | 1069 | Ealdred | Also known as Aldred. Held the see of Worcester 1046–1061, of Hereford 1056–1060, and of York 1061–1069. |
| Footnote(s):Шаблон:Efn and Source(s):[6][7] | |||
Conquest to Reformation
| Archbishops of York (Conquest to Reformation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
| 1070 | 1100 | Thomas of Bayeux | Also known as Thomas (I). |
| 1100 | 1108 | Gerard | Translated from Hereford. |
| 1109 | 1114 | Thomas (II) | |
| 1119 | 1140 | Thurstan | He was elected in 1114, but was not consecrated until 1119. |
| 1140 | Waltheof of Melrose | Nominated archbishop, but was quashed by King Stephen; later became Abbot of Melrose. | |
| 1140 | Файл:Henri de Sully.JPG Henry de Sully | Abbot of Fécamp Abbey. Nominated archbishop, but was quashed by Pope Innocent II. | |
| 1143 | 1147 | William (FitzHerbert) | Deposed by Pope Eugene III; canonised in 1226. |
| 1147 | Hilary of Chichester | Deposed by Pope Eugene III, elected bishop of Chichester. | |
| 1147 | 1153 | Henry Murdac | Formerly Abbot of Fountains Abbey. |
| 1153 | 1154 | William (FitzHerbert) (again) | Restored by Pope Anastasius IV; canonised in 1226. |
| 1154 | 1181 | Файл:Roger de Pont L'Évêque.jpg Roger de Pont L'Évêque | Formerly archdeacon of Canterbury. |
| 1191 | 1212 | Geoffrey (Plantagenet) | Formerly bishop-elect of Lincoln; elected archbishop in 1189, but was only consecrated in 1191. |
| 1215 | Simon Langton | Elected archbishop of York in June 1215, but was quashed on 20 August 1215 by Pope Innocent III on request from King John; later became archdeacon of Canterbury. | |
| 1216 | 1255 | Файл:Yorkminsterwalterdegraytombvertical.jpgWalter de Gray | Translated from Worcester. |
| 1256 | 1258 | Sewal de Bovil | Formerly Dean of York. |
| 1258 | 1265 | Godfrey Ludham | Also known as Godfrey Kineton. Formerly Dean of York. |
| 1265 | William Langton | Dean of York (1262–1279); elected archbishop in March 1265, but was quashed in November 1265.[8] | |
| 1265 | 1266 | Файл:François, Claude (dit Frère Luc) - Saint Bonaventure.jpg Bonaventure | Selected as archbishop in November 1265, but never consecrated and resigned the appointment in October 1266. |
| 1266 | 1279 | Walter Giffard | Translated from Bath and Wells. |
| 1279 | 1285 | William de Wickwane | |
| 1286 | 1296 | John le Romeyn | Also known as John Romanus. |
| 1298 | 1299 | Henry of Newark | Formerly Dean of York. |
| 1300 | 1304 | Thomas of Corbridge | |
| 1306 | 1315 | William Greenfield | Formerly Dean of Chichester |
| 1317 | 1340 | Файл:Archbishop de Melton.jpgWilliam Melton | |
| 1342 | 1352 | William Zouche | Also known as William de la Zouche. |
| 1353 | 1373 | Cardinal John of Thoresby | Translated from Worcester; created a Cardinal in 1361.[9] |
| 1374 | 1388 | Alexander Neville | Translated to St Andrews in 1388. |
| 1388 | 1396 | Файл:Thomas Arundel.jpg Thomas Arundel | Translated from Ely; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
| 1397 | 1398 | Robert Waldby | Translated from Chichester. |
| 1398 | Файл:Bishop Walter Skirlaw, East Window, York Minster.jpg Walter Skirlaw | Bishop of Durham, elected but put aside by King Richard II. | |
| 1398 | 1405 | Richard le Scrope | Translated from Lichfield. |
| 1405 | 1406 | Thomas Langley | Elected archbishop in August 1405, but was quashed in May 1406. |
| 1406 | 1407 | Файл:LedgerStone RobertHallam KonstanzMinster.jpg Robert Hallam | Nominated archbishop in May 1406 by Pope Innocent VII, but was vetoed by King Henry IV. |
| 1407 | 1423 | Henry Bowet | Translated from Bath and Wells. |
| 1423 | 1424 | Philip Morgan | Elected archbishop in 1423, but was quashed in 1424. |
| 1424 | 1425 | Файл:Archbishop Richard Fleming.jpg Richard Fleming | Conferred as archbishop by Pope Martin V, but was refused by King Henry V, and Fleming resigned the appointment in July 1425. |
| 1426 | 1452 | Файл:Cardinal John Kemp.jpg Cardinal John Kemp | Translated from London; created a Cardinal in 1439;[10] translated to Canterbury. |
| 1452 | 1464 | William Booth | Translated from Lichfield. |
| 1465 | 1476 | George Neville | Translated from Exeter. |
| 1476 | 1480 | Lawrence Booth | Translated from Durham. |
| 1480 | 1500 | Файл:Archbishop Thomas Rotherham.jpg Thomas Rotherham | Translated from Lincoln. |
| 1501 | 1507 | Archbishop SavageThomas Savage | Translated from London. |
| 1508 | 1514 | Файл:Christopher Bainbridge.jpg Cardinal Christopher Bainbridge | Translated from Durham; created a Cardinal in 1511.[11] |
| 1514 | 1530 | Файл:Cardinal Thomas Wolsey.jpg Cardinal Thomas Wolsey | Translated from Lincoln in 1514; created a Cardinal in 1515;[12] held with Bath and Wells 1518–23, Durham 1523–29 and Winchester 1529–30. |
| Source(s):[7][13][14][15] | |||
Post-Reformation
Archbishops who became peers
From 1660 to 1900, all the archbishops of York died in office or were translated to Canterbury and died in that office.
William Maclagan was the first to voluntarily resign his office in 1908, two years before his death. All of his successors who were not translated to Canterbury have also resigned their office before death, and (like all archbishops of Canterbury) have been offered a peerage upon resignation.Шаблон:Efn
| Archbishop | Title | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cosmo Gordon Lang | Baron Lang of Lambeth in 1942 | Extinct in 1945 | as archbishop of Canterbury |
| Michael Ramsey | Baron Ramsey of Canterbury for life in 1974 | Extinct in 1988 | |
| Donald Coggan | Baron Coggan for life in 1980 | Extinct in 2000 | |
| Stuart Blanch | Baron Blanch for life in 1983 | Extinct in 1994 | |
| John Habgood | Baron Habgood for life in 1995 | Retired from the House in 2011;[23] extinct in 2019 | |
| David Hope | Baron Hope of Thornes for life in 2005 | Retired from the House in 2015;[24] extant | |
| John Sentamu | Baron Sentamu for life in 2021 | Extant | |
Assistant bishops
Шаблон:Anchor Among those who have served as assistant bishops of the diocese have been:
- 1929–1931 (res.): Bernard Heywood—overseeing the archdeaconry of the East Riding—former bishop of Southwell; became bishop suffragan of Hull (i.e., effectively the same role) and archdeacon of the East Riding[25]
- 1964–1970 (ret.): Mervyn Armstrong, adviser on industry to the archbishop of York and former bishop of Jarrow[26]
- 1969–1996 (d.): George Cockin, Rector of Bainton (until 1978) and former bishop of Owerri. George Eyles Irwin Cockin (15 August 1908Шаблон:Snd18 November 1996)[27] was an Irish missionary in Nigeria.[28] Educated at Repton and Leeds University, he was a Tutor at St Paul's College, Awka (1933–40) and then a Supervisor of Anglican Schools in East Nigeria (1940–52) before training for the ministry at Lincoln Theological College. He was made deacon in 1953, ordained priest in 1954 and served his title (curacy) in Kimberworth until 1955. He then returned to Nigeria as Senior Supervisor of Anglican Schools in East Nigeria until 1958; during which time he was also additionally made a Canon of All Saints Cathedral, Onitsha (Diocese on the Niger), 1957.[27] He was elected the first bishop of Owerri in 1959 and served until his resignation in 1969.[27] He was consecrated a bishop on 27 January 1959 by James Horstead, archbishop of West Africa and bishop of Sierra Leone.[28]
- 1977–1994 (d.): Richard Wimbush, priest-in-charge of Etton with Dalton Holme (until 1983) and former bishop of Argyll and the Isles and Primus[29]
See also
Footnotes
References
Citations
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Further reading
External links
Шаблон:Anglican hierarchy in Great Britain and Ireland Шаблон:Portal bar
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Davuit Broun, Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III, p. 115
- ↑ Whitaker's Almanack, 2008 – (Precedence, England and Wales)
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 224, and 281–284.
- ↑ St. Paulinus, Archbishop of York. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, p. 224.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ William de Langeton alias of Rotherfield Шаблон:Webarchive. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ↑ John Cardinal Thoresby. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ↑ John Cardinal Kempe. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ↑ Christopher Cardinal Bainbridge. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ↑ Thomas Cardinal Wolsey. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 281–283.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300, volume 6, pp. 1–7.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541, volume 6, pp. 3–5.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ The Archbishop of York Шаблон:Webarchive. The official website of John Sentamu, Archbishop of York. Retrieved on 21 November 2008.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 283–284.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857, volume 4, pp. 1–5.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Who's Who
- ↑ Шаблон:Who's Who
- ↑ 27,0 27,1 27,2 Шаблон:Who's Who
- ↑ 28,0 28,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Who's Who
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Archbishops of York
- Anglican episcopal offices
- Diocese of York
- Lists of Church of England bishops and archbishops
- Metropolitan bishops
- Primates of the Church of England
- York-related lists
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
_-_Saint_Bonaventure.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
_Matthew_from_NPG.jpg){kind=link}
,_Archbishop_of_York.jpeg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}