Английская Википедия:Architectural Association School of Architecture

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Multiple issues Шаблон:Infobox university The Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, commonly referred to as the AA, is the oldest private school of architecture in the UK.[1][2][3][4][5] The AA hosts programmes of exhibitions, lectures, symposia and publications.

History

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Plaque beside entrance

The Architectural Association was founded in 1847 as an alternative to the practice of training (young men) by apprenticeship to established architects. Apprenticeship offered no guarantee for educational quality or professional standards, and there was a belief that the system was "rife with vested interests and open to abuse, dishonesty and incompetence".[6]

Two articled pupils, Robert Kerr (1823–1904) and Charles Gray (1827/28–1881), proposed a systematic course of training provided by the students themselves.[6] Following a merger with the already existing Association of Architectural Draughtsmen, the first formal meeting under the name of the Architectural Association took place in May 1847 at Lyons Inn Hall, London.[7] Kerr became the first president, 1847–48.[8] From 1859 the AA shared premises at 9 Conduit Street with the Royal Institute of British Architects,[6] later (1891) renting rooms in Great Marlborough Street.[6]

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AA Bedford Square premises

The AA School was formally established in 1890 and in 1901, it changed its premises to the former Royal Architectural Museum in Tufton Street, Westminster. In 1917, it moved to its current location in Bedford Square, central London. It has since acquired additional London premises in John Street, a property on Morwell Street behind Bedford Square,[9] and a Шаблон:Convert site at Hooke Park in Dorset.

Historically, students of the AA have been addressed by John Ruskin and George Gilbert Scott in the 19th century, and, more recently, Richard Rogers, Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas, Denise Scott Brown, and David Chipperfield, an alumnus of the school.


Women at the AA

Women were first admitted as students to the AA School during World War I in 1917,[10] almost 20 years after the RIBA had admitted its first female member, Ethel Charles, who, with her sister Bessie, had been refused entry to the AA school in 1893.[11] Ruth Lowy,[12] Winifred Ryle, Irene Graves and Gillian Harrison (nee Cooke) were some of the first women to enter the AA,[13] hitherto a solely male school.[13]

In the post World War II period several women architects, writers and journalists attended courses ("classes and sets") at the AA, including Su Brumwell (Susan Miller / Rogers), Eldred Evans, Margo Griffin, Zaha Hadid, Patti Hopkins, Samantha Hardingham, Sally Mackereth, Mya Anastasia Manakides, Janet Street-Porter, Carolyn Trevor, Susan Wheeler and Georgie Walton.Шаблон:Citation needed

The position of women at the AA was highlighted and investigated during a year-long programme of celebration in 2017, AAXX, marking the centenary of the first women's entry to the school. A book, AA Women in Architecture 1917–2017, edited by Elizabeth Darling and Lynne Walker, was published.[14]

Curriculum

Courses are divided into two main areas – undergraduate programmes, leading to the AA Diploma (RIBA/ARB Part 2), and postgraduate programmes, which include specialised courses in Landscape Urbanism (LU),[15] Housing and Urbanism, Sustainable Environmental Design, Histories and Theories, Emergent Technologies,[16] and Design Research Lab (DRL). Other programmes include Projective Cities, Design + Make, and Interprofessional studio. Since its foundation, the school has continued to draw its teaching staff from progressive international practices, and they are reappointed annually, allowing a continual renewal of the exploration of architectural graphics and polemical formalism.[17]

Independent status

The school sits outside the state-funded university system and UCAS application system. As an independent school, the AA does not participate in university rankings.

The AA enrolls a higher proportion of students from overseas compared to other architecture schools in the UK.[18]

Bookshop and publications

The AA Bookshop has a collection of architectural literature[19] and is used as a platform for AA's own publications.[20] AA Publications has a long tradition of publishing architects, artists and theorists early in their careers, as well as occasionally publishing figures who have already gained renown in other fields of expertise, such as Salman Rushdie. AA Publications produces the journal, AA Files, and the AA Book, known as the Projects Review, which annually documents the work undertaken by members of the school from Foundation to Graduate programmes. AA publications are designed and edited by the AA Print Studio, originally established in 1971 as part of the Communications Unit directed by Dennis Crompton of Archigram.[21] The school had its own independent radio station.[22]

Controversies

The AA has a unique democratic structure where staff and students elect a director and majority of members of the governing board.

In November 2017, the AA was reported to be planning to make 16 staff redundant, including the whole of its publications and exhibitions departments.[23] Shortly before, the AA had announced it was seeking a new director, to be appointed by March 2018,[24] following the departure of Brett Steele announced in December 2016.[25][26]

The first female director of the AA was Eva Franch i Gilabert, appointed in 2018[27] (succeeding interim director Samantha Hardingham). Following votes of no confidence in her leadership,[28][29] Franch was fired in July 2020 for "failure to develop and implement a strategy and maintain the confidence of the AA School Community which were specific failures of performance against clear objectives outlined in the original contract of employment."[30] Her dismissal came despite support from academics who wrote an open letter talking of "systemic biases" against women and of sexism, and accusing the AA of using "the pandemic for anti-democratic purposes".[29] Architectural magazine Dezeen reported tutor and alumni views that the failure to investigate allegations of bullying and sexism had damaged both the AA school and the architecture profession, leaving "a cloud over the school".[31] The AA began seeking a successor to Franch in December 2021,[32] shortlisting candidates in March 2022.[33] In May 2022, the school announced Ingrid Schroder would be its new director from August 2022.[34]

Gallery

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Notable alumni

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Шаблон:Col-2

Шаблон:Col-end

Former directors

Notable current and former teachers

Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-2

Шаблон:Col-2

Шаблон:Col-end

References

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Шаблон:Refend

Further reading

  • John Summerson, The Architectural Association 1847–1947 (London: Pleiades Books, 1947).

External links

Шаблон:Architecture schools in the United Kingdom Шаблон:Authority control Шаблон:Coord

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Records of the Architectural Association
  8. ↑ Past Presidents of the Architectural Association Шаблон:Webarchive
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Minutes of an Ordinary General Meeting of the Architectural Association, 17 July 1917; and interleafed circular from AA President, H.M. Fletcher, alteration to By-law No.17 in AA Archive Box C103.
  11. ↑ Lynne Walker, "Golden Age or False Dawn? Women Architects in the Early 20th century", English-heritage.org. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ 26,0 26,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  27. ↑ 27,0 27,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  29. ↑ 29,0 29,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  30. ↑ 30,0 30,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  36. ↑ 36,0 36,1 Шаблон:Cite ODNB
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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