Английская Википедия:Arebica
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox writing system Шаблон:South Slavic languages sidebar
Arebica (آرەبـٖٮڄآ) is a variant of the Arabic script used to write the Serbo-Croatian language. It was used mainly between the 15th and 19th centuries and is frequently categorized as part of Aljamiado literature. During Austro-Hungarian rule, there were unsuccessful efforts by Bosnian Muslims to grant Arebica equal status alongside Latin and Cyrillic alphabets.Шаблон:Sfn Apart from literature, Arebica was used in religious schools and administration, though in much less use than other scripts.
Origin
Arebica was based on the Perso-Arabic script of the Ottoman Empire, with added letters for Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPAslink and Шаблон:IPAslink, which are not found in Arabic, Persian or Turkish. Full letters were eventually introduced for all vowels (as with Kurdish Arabic script), making Arebica a true alphabet, unlike its Perso-Arabic base.Шаблон:Citation needed
Arebica was used by the Slavic Muslims in Central Bosnia during the Ottoman rule and continued usage during the Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Шаблон:Sfn During that period, they requested that Arebica be given equal status with the Latin and Cyrillic scripts, but the request wasn't granted.Шаблон:Sfn The usage of the script, however, continued sporadically even after.Шаблон:Sfn
The final version of Arebica was devised by Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević at the end of the 19th century. His version is called Matufovica, Matufovača or Mektebica.
Contemporary use
The first literary work to be published in Arebica since 1941 was the comic book "Hadži Šefko i hadži Mefko" in 2005, by authors Amir Al-Zubi and Meliha Čičak-Al-Zubi. The authors made slight modifications to Arebica.
The first book in Arebica with an ISBN was "Epohe fonetske misli kod Arapa i arebica" ("The Age of Phonetic Thought of Arabs and Arebica")[1] in April 2013 in Belgrade by Aldin Mustafić, MSc. This book represents the completion of the standardization of Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević's version, and is also a textbook for higher education.
Alphabet
The final version of Arebica alphabet was devised at the end of the 19th century by Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević. The alphabet listed here is a new version made by Aldin Mustafić.
Notes
- Шаблон:Note The diacritic beneath the Шаблон:Lang appears on the letter preceding the Шаблон:Lang.
- Шаблон:Note Mustafić uses Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang instead of Файл:Hah with inverted v below.svg and Файл:Noon with inverted v above.svg for Ć ć/Ћ ћ and Nj nj/Њ њ .
- Шаблон:Note Mustafić uses Шаблон:Lang and Al-Zubi and Čičak-Al-Zubi use Шаблон:Lang for Đ đ/Ђ ђ.
Ligatures
Like the standard Arabic alphabet, when Шаблон:Lang connects to either Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang a special ligature is used instead.
| Latin | Cyrillic | Arebica | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contextual forms | Isolated | ||||
| Final | Medial | Initial | |||
| la | ла | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | ||
| lja | ља | Шаблон:Lang | Шаблон:Lang | ||
Prior to standardization, the most widespread Arebica conventions were based on Ottoman Turkish conventions, and similar to contemporary aljamiado conventions adopted for Albanian and Greek. Vowels are often written using matres lectionis, with the exception of /e/, which is only represented word-finally, as <ە>. /o/ and /u/ are not distinguished. /ɲ/, /ʎ/ and /ts/ were not distinguished from /n/, /l/ and /tʃ/, respectively spelt as <ن>, <ل> and <چ>. Palatal affricates /tɕ/ and /dʑ/ are both typically spelt as <ك>, due to the Persian letter <گ> not having been widely adopted yet, while velar stops /k/ and /g/ are represented with <ق> and <غ>.[2]
Text examples
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1
| Serbo-Croatian (Arebica): | Шаблон:Script/Arabic |
| Serbo-Croatian (Latin): | Шаблон:Lang |
| Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic): | Шаблон:Lang |
| English: | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |
Tehran
| Serbo-Croatian (Arebica): | Шаблон:Script/Arabic | |
| Serbo-Croatian (Latin): | Шаблон:Lang | |
| Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic): | Шаблон:Lang | |
| English: | Tehran is the capital and largest city of Iran, capital of Tehran Province and one of the largest cities in the world. |
See also
- Aljamiado
- Sevdah
- Belarusian Arabic alphabet, another script used by Slavic-speaking Muslims
- Chirvat-türkisi
- Gaj's Latin alphabet
- Muhamed Hevaji Uskufi Bosnevi
- Category:Arabic alphabets
External links
- Ottoman Turkish / Arabic keyboard (including Bosnian characters)
- UDHR in Arebica (Bosnian)
- Adnan Tufekčić, Arebica in Bosnia – Short Notes and One Review: From the Treasury of Bosnian Authentic Syncretism, Spirit of Bosnia No 15 (04), 2020
Footnotes
Bibliography
- Enciklopedija leksikografskog zavoda, entry: Arabica. Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod, Zagreb, 1966
- Online Text Converter from Latin or Cyrillic to Arebica Script, Language institute of the University of Sarajevo https://www.e-bosanski.ba/konverter-pisama/bosanska-arebica/
- ↑ Foreword to "The Age of Phonetic Thought of Arabs and Arebica" by Aldin Mustafić
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
