Английская Википедия:Argyn
The Argyn (Шаблон:Lang-kz) tribe (or clan) is a constituent of the Kazakh ethnicity. The Argyn are a component of the Orta jüz (Орта жүз; "Middle Horde" or "Middle Hundred"). Kazakhs historically consisted of three tribal federations: the Great jüz (or Senior jüz), Middle jüz, and Little jüz (or Junior jüz). Karakhanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari glossed Arghu as "ravine between two mountains", because the Arghu country was located between Tiraz and Balasagun.[1]
Origin
Argyns are of mixed origins. A historical bilingual, yet steadily Turkicizing, people, Basmyls,[2][3] likely contributed to the ethnogenesis of Argyns because both Basmyls and Argyns occupied roughly the same geographic location,[4] in Beiting Protectorate, where Basmyls made their first recorded appearance[5][6] and which is now in western China, and still home to a Kazakh minority. Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari wrote that Basmyls spoke their own language besides Turkic.[3]
They are handsomer men than the other natives of the country, and having more ability, they come to have authority; and they are also capital merchants."[7] Kashgari mentioned an urban Argu people who spoke Middle Turkic with "a certain slurring (rikka)", like people of Sogdak and Kenchek;[8] Golden proposes that the Arghu were Iranian speakers undergoing Turkicization.[9]
A 2013 study on Argyns genetics identifies twenty Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups: of these, G1a-P20 constitutes 71% of 2186 samples; R1a*-M198(xM458) 6%, C3c-M48 5%, C3* - M217(xM48) 3%; and other haplogroups represent less than three percent. The authors noted that "Tribe Argyn took on graph an isolated position, demonstrating the absence of genetic links with other Kazakh tribes."[10]
Etymology
The name of the Argyns probably corresponds to that of the "Argons" mentioned by Marco Polo in a country called "Tenduc" (around modern-day Hohhot) during the 13th century.[7] Polo reported that this clan who had "sprung from two different races: to wit, of the race of the Idolaters of Tenduc and ... the worshippers of Mahommet.
See also
References
Шаблон:Kazakhstan-stub
Шаблон:Asia-ethno-group-stub
- ↑ Maħmūd al-Kašğari. Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk. Edited & translated by Robert Dankoff in collaboration with James Kelly. Series: Sources of Oriental Languages and Literature. (1982). "Part I". p. 151
- ↑ Golden, Peter B. An Introduction to the History of Turkic peoples (1992). p 142-143
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Maħmūd al-Kašğari. "Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk". Edited & translated by Robert Dankoff in collaboration with James Kelly. In Sources of Oriental Languages and Literature. Part I. (1982). p. 82-83
- ↑ Gumilyov, L. Searches for an Imaginary Kingdom: The trefoil of the Bird's Eye View' Ch. 5: The Shattered Silence (961-1100)
- ↑ Tongdian vol. 200 (in Chinese)
- ↑ Zizhi Tongjian; cited by Zuev Yu.A., Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (translation of 8-10th century Chinese Tanghuyao), Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, p. 104, 132 (in Russian)
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Citation (Шаблон:Wikisource-inline)
- ↑ Kashgari. Part I. p. 83
- ↑ Golden, P.B. An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. Series: Turcologica 9. p. 164
- ↑ Zhabagin, M. et al. "J16.78 - The gene pool of Argyn in the context of generic structure of Kazakhs according to data on SNP-Y-Chromosome markers." presented at European Human Genetics Conference 2013. Paris, France. (2013)
