Английская Википедия:Ariana Afghan Airlines

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox airline Ariana Afghan Airlines Co. Ltd. (Шаблон:Lang-ps; Шаблон:Lang-prs), also known simply as Ariana, is the flag carrier and largest airline of Afghanistan. Founded in 1955, Ariana is the oldest airline in the country and is state owned. The company has its main base at Kabul International Airport, from which it operates domestic flights and international connections to destinations in China, India, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates. The carrier is headquartered in Shāre Naw district, Kabul. Ariana Afghan Airlines has been on the list of air carriers banned in the European Union Шаблон:As of.

History

Early years

Файл:Stamp of Afghanistan - 1965 - Colnect 483160 - Douglas DC 3 and Emblem.jpeg

Postage stamp of Afghanistan from 1965 commemorating the 10th anniversary of Ariana. The logo features an Afghan swallow bird and a blue field representing precious lapis lazuli stones; it was personally designed by the then King of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah.

The airline was set up on 27 January 1955. It was established as Aryana Airlines with the assistance of Indamer Co. Ltd., which initially held a 49% interest, and the government of Afghanistan owned the balance. At the beginning, services were operated to Bahrain, India, Iran, and Lebanon, with a fleet of three Douglas DC-3s. In 1957, Pan American World Airways became the minor shareholder of the airline when it took over the 49% interest from Indamer. Domestic scheduled services started the same year. By Шаблон:Start date, a fleet of three DC-3s was being used for linking Kabul with Amritsar, Delhi, Jeddah, and Karachi, as well as with some points within Afghanistan, while a single DC-4 operated the Kabul–Kandahar–Tehran–Damascus–Beirut–Ankara–Prague–Frankfurt service, so-called "Marco Polo" route. In the early 1960s, Шаблон:US$ from US aid to Afghanistan was used to capitalise the company.

By Шаблон:Start date, the airline had 650 employees. At this time, the fleet comprised one Boeing 727-100C, one CV-440, one DC-3 and two Douglas DC-6s that worked on routes serving the Middle East, India, Pakistan, the USSR, and Istanbul, Frankfurt, and London. Domestic services were then operated by Bakhtar Alwatana, which was established by the government in 1967 for this purpose.

Файл:Ariana Afghan Airlines DC-10-30 YA-LAS 1980-8-10.png

An Ariana Afghan Airlines DC-10-30 is seen here on approach to London Heathrow Airport in 1980. Throughout its history, the airline operated a single aircraft of the type that was sold in the mid-1980s, following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

The carrier's first widebody aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30, entered the fleet in early Шаблон:Start date. By Шаблон:Start date, the aircraft fleet consisted of the DC-10 and two Boeing 727-100Cs. In the mid-1980s, during the Soviet–Afghan War, the carrier was forced to sell the DC-10 to British Caledonian, as the Soviets wanted the carrier to fly the Tupolev Tu-154 as a replacement. In Шаблон:Start date, Ariana was taken over by Bakhtar Afghan Airlines, which became the country's new national airline. In 1986, Bakhtar ordered two Tupolev Tu-154Ms; the airline took possession of these aircraft in Шаблон:Start date. In Шаблон:Start date, Bakhtar was merged back into Ariana, thus creating an airline which could serve both short and long haul routes.Шаблон:Additional citation needed

Operational crisis

Файл:Ariana Afghan Airlines Tupolev Tu-154M Haafke.jpg

An Ariana Afghan Airlines Tupolev Tu-154M in 1992.

Following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban in 1996 and the proclamation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, the country faced substantial economic sanctions from the international sector during the Taliban regime. The sanctions, along with the Taliban government's control of the company and the grounding of many of the carrier's international flights, had a devastating effect on the economic health of the company through the 1990s. The fleet was reduced to only a handful of Russian and Ukrainian built An-26s, Yakovlev Yak-40s and three Boeing 727s, which were used on the longest domestic routes. In October 1996, Pakistan provided a temporary maintenance and operational base at Karachi. With no overseas assets, by 1999 Ariana's international operations consisted of flights to Dubai only; also, limited cargo flights continued into China's western provinces. However, sanctions imposed by UN Security Council Resolution 1267 in November 1999 forced the airline to suspend overseas operations. In Шаблон:Start date, Ariana was grounded completely.

According to the Los Angeles Times: Шаблон:Quote

According to people interviewed by the Los Angeles Times, Viktor Bout's companies helped in running the airline.

21st century

Файл:Ariana Afghan Airlines A300B4-200 YA-BAD FRA 2003-5-7.png

An Ariana Afghan Airlines Airbus A300B4-200 seen on approach to Frankfurt Airport in 2003. With registration YA-BAD this aircraft was written off as a result of an overrun episode at Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Шаблон:Start date.

Following the overthrow of the Taliban government during Operation Enduring Freedom, Ariana began to rebuild its operations in Шаблон:Start date. About a month later, the UN sanctions were finally lifted, permitting the airline to resume international routes again. In 2002, the government of India gave the carrier a gift of three ex-Air India Airbus A300s. Ariana's first international passenger flight since 1999 landed at Indira Gandhi International Airport in Шаблон:Start date, followed by routes to Pakistan and Germany in June and October the same year, respectively. In 2005, India signed an agreement on aviation cooperation with Afghanistan, with Air India training 50 officials for Ariana.

All commercial flights were cancelled following the Taliban taking over the capital city of Kabul in 2021. Domestic flights resumed in September.

EU ban

Due to safety regulations, Ariana was mostly banned from flying into European Union airspace in Шаблон:Start date, with the European Commission allowing the carrier to fly only a single France-registered Airbus A310 into the member states; the ban was extended to the entire fleet in October of that year. The ban was confirmed in subsequent updates of the list released in late 2009 and Шаблон:Start date. In Шаблон:Start date, all Afghanistan-registered aircraft were banned from operating in the European Union. Ariana is still included in the list as of June 2023.

Destinations

Шаблон:As of, Ariana Afghan Airlines served five domestic and eight international destinations in Russia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, India, Pakistan, and China; most of the routes radiate from Kabul.

Fleet

Файл:Ariana Afghan Airlines A310-300 YA-CAV SVO 2010-1-4.png

Ariana Afghan Airlines Airbus A310-300

Файл:Ariana Afghan Airlines Boeing 727-200Adv YA-FAY DXB 2007-9-21.png

Former Ariana Afghan Airlines Boeing 727-200 Advanced

Файл:Ariana Afghan Airlines Boeing 737-800 Ates-1.jpg

Former Ariana Afghan Airlines Boeing 737-800

Current fleet

Шаблон:As of the Ariana Afghan Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft:

Ariana Afghan Airlines fleet

Aircraft	In fleet	Orders	PassengersШаблон:Fact			Notes
			C	Y	Total
Airbus A310-300	1	—	12	230	230
Boeing 737-400	2	—	8	134	142
Boeing 737-500	1	—	8	148	156
Total	4	—

Historical fleet

Ariana operated the following equipment all through its history: Шаблон:Div col

• Airbus A300B4
• Airbus A310-200
• Airbus A320-200
• Airbus A321-100
• Antonov An-12BP
• Antonov An-12T
• Antonov An-24
• Antonov An-24B
• Antonov An-24RV
• Antonov An-26
• Antonov An-26B
• Boeing 707-120B
• Boeing 707-320C
• Boeing 720B
• Boeing 727-100C
• Boeing 727-200
• Boeing 727-200F
• Boeing 737-300
• Boeing 737-800
• Boeing 747-200B
• Boeing 757-200
• Convair CV-440
• Douglas C-47
• Douglas C-47A
• Douglas C-54B
• Douglas C-54G
• Douglas DC-4
• Douglas DC-6A
• McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30
• Tupolev Tu-134
• Tupolev Tu-154B
• Tupolev Tu-154M
• Yakovlev Yak-40

Accidents and incidents

According to Aviation Safety Network, Шаблон:As of Ariana Afghan Airlines has written off 19 aircraft involved in 13 events, seven of them being deadly. Casualties totaled 154 deaths. The following list includes occurrences that led to at least one fatality, resulted in a write-off of the aircraft involved, or both.

Date	Location	Aircraft	Tail number	Aircraft damage	Fatalities	Description	Refs
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flag	Шаблон:Nowrap	YA-AAD	W/O	Шаблон:Unknown	Шаблон:Unknown
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Nowrap	DC-4	YA-BAG	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/27	Crashed shortly after takeoff from Beirut International Airport, during initial climbout. The aircraft was due to operate the second leg of an international scheduled Frankfurt–Beirut–Tehran–Kandahar–Kabul passenger service as Flight 202.
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagicon London	Boeing 727-100C	YA-FAR	W/O	Шаблон:Nts	Crashed on approach to London Gatwick Airport when attempting to land in dense fog as it descended below the glideslope. Forty-eight people were killed on the plane, as well as two on the ground. The aircraft was completing an international scheduled Kabul–Kandahar–Beirut–Istanbul–Frankfurt–London passenger service as Flight 701.
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagicon Kabul	Шаблон:Nowrap	YA-BAD	W/O	Шаблон:Unknown	Ground collision.
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:PAK	An-26	Шаблон:Unknown	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/25	The aircraft was shot down by Pakistani fighters when it was flying a domestic Khost–Kabul passenger service.
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagicon Zabol	An-26	YA-BAK	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/39	Crashed into a hill when attempting to land at Zabol Airport following an in-flight opening of the ramp door. The aircraft was operating a domestic scheduled Kabul–Zaranj passenger service.
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagicon Kabul	Tu-154M	YA-TAP	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/0	Destroyed by a rocket while sitting at Kabul Airport.
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagicon Kabul	An-26	YA-BAN	W/O	Шаблон:Unknown
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagicon Jalalabad	Шаблон:Nowrap	YA-BAO	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/46	The aircraft was completing a domestic scheduled Kabul–Jalalabad passenger service when it apparently ran out of fuel, crashing on approach to Jalalabad Airport.
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagdeco Jalalabad	Шаблон:Nowrap	YA-KAE	W/O	Шаблон:Nts	Crashed on landing at Jalalabad Airport.
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Nowrap	Шаблон:Nowrap	YA-FAZ	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/45	Crashed in bad weather into mountainous terrain on approach to Kabul Airport. It was completing the last leg of an international non-scheduled Sharjah–Kabul–Kandahar passenger service.
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagicon Kabul	An-12B	YA-DAA	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/0	Destroyed during a U.S. bombing raid.
		An-12BK	YA-DAB	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/0
		An-24	Шаблон:Unknown	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/0
		An-24B	YA-DAH	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/0
		An-24RV	YA-DAJ	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/0
		Шаблон:Nowrap	YA-FAU	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/0
		Boeing 727-100C	YA-FAW	W/O	Шаблон:Nts/0
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagicon Istanbul	Шаблон:Nowrap	YA-BAD	W/O	Шаблон:Nts	Overran the runway on landing at Istanbul Atatürk Airport.
Шаблон:Dts	Шаблон:Flagicon Kabul	Шаблон:Nowrap	YA-PIB	W/O	Шаблон:Nts	Slid off the runway on landing at Kabul Airport.

See also

• List of government-owned airlines
• Transport in Afghanistan

External links

• Шаблон:Commons category-inline
• Official website