Английская Википедия:Arizona v. California

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Arizona v. California is a set of United States Supreme Court cases, all dealing with disputes over water distribution from the Colorado River between the states of Arizona and California. It also covers the amount of water that the State of Nevada receives from the river as well.

When a dispute arises between two states, the case is filed for original jurisdiction with the United States Supreme Court. This is one of the very limited circumstances where the Court has original jurisdiction; that is, as a trial court and no lower may hear the case. In all other cases, the Court acts as the highest level appellate court in the United States.

The cases involved were all named Arizona v. California, and were decided in 1931, 1934, 1936, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1979, 1983, 1984, and 2000.

The original decision, Шаблон:Ussc, specified the amount of water to which Arizona was entitled under the Colorado River Compact of 1922.

Since then, the case has been relitigated several times because of Arizona's claims of California using more water than it is entitled.

The court determined that the Secretary of the Interior was not bound by Prior-appropriation water rights in allocating water among the states.[1]

  • Шаблон:Ussc: Arizona argued that the Colorado River Compact was unconstitutional.
  • Шаблон:Ussc: Arizona requested that the Supreme Court:
    • specify an amount of Colorado River water for Arizona's use
    • limit the amount allotted to California
  • Шаблон:Ussc: The court specified the amount of water to which each state in the Colorado River Compact was entitled.
  • Шаблон:Ussc: The court adjusted the amounts of water specified in 373 US 546.
  • Шаблон:Ussc: The court adjusted its previous decree.
  • Шаблон:Ussc: The court adjusted the specified amounts of water for all parties to the case.
  • Шаблон:Ussc: The court issued a decree regarding unadjudicated rights of Indian tribes to Colorado River water.
  • Шаблон:Ussc: The court adjusted its previous decree.
  • Шаблон:Ussc: The court adjusted the specified amounts of water for several parties to the case.
  • Шаблон:Ussc: The court approved a consolidated decree.

In summary, as long as at least Шаблон:Convert of water is available from the Colorado River, California is allocated Шаблон:Convert; Nevada, Шаблон:Convert; and Arizona, the remainder. If more water is available, California is entitled to 50% of the water from the Colorado River, Arizona to 46%, and Nevada to 4%. If less water is available, the Secretary of the Interior must allocate the water according to various formulas (which were the subjects of the court cases) to ensure that each state receives a specified amount, with California receiving an absolute fixed maximum of Шаблон:Convert per year (376 U.S. 342).[2] Some of the adjustments involved rights of the U.S. Government with respect to supplying water to Indian tribes pursuant to Executive Orders signed by the President of the United States as far back as 1907.

The 1962 oral arguments set a modern record for the Supreme Court: 16 hours over four days.[3]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Colorado River system

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ "(3) If insufficient mainstream water is available for release, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior, to satisfy annual consumptive use of 7,500,000 acre-feet in the aforesaid three States, then the Secretary of the Interior... may apportion the amount remaining available... but in no event shall more than 4,400,000 acre-feet be apportioned for use in California..." 376 U.S. 440, 442
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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