Английская Википедия:Armed Forces of Montenegro

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Cleanup bare URLs Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox national military

The Armed Forces of Montenegro (Шаблон:Lang-cnr) are the military forces of Montenegro. The Armed Forces consists of an army, navy and air force.

The military currently maintains a force of 2,350 active duty members.[1] The bulk of its equipment and forces were inherited from the Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro; as Montenegro contained the entire coastline of the former union, it retained the entire naval force.Шаблон:Citation needed

On 5 June 2017, Montenegro joined NATO as the 29th member.

Command

Leadership

Ministry of Defence

Bases

Air Bases

Naval Bases

  • Bar Naval Base
  • Pero Ćetković Base
  • Pristan Base

Army Bases

  • Milovan Šaranović Army Base
  • Nikšić Army Base
  • V. K. Volođa Army Base
  • Breza Army Base
  • Masline Army Base
  • Аndrijevica Army Base

Units and structure

Файл:Montenegro Military ORBAT NATO 2019.png
Armed Forces of Montenegro organization 2021

Ranks and insignia

Шаблон:Main

The military before 1918

Файл:Montenegro King's Militia.jpg
The King's Militia salutes Nicholas I in Lyons, France after his exile

After military successes in the wars 1876–1878 during which the Principality of Montenegro was enlarged by a large territory, from the Tara River in the north to the Adriatic Sea in the south (liberated towns Podgorica, Nikšić, Kolašin, Andrijevica, Bar and Ulcinj), reorganization in Montenegrin army was conducted in 1880. Each kapetanija (municipality) formed its reserve battalion. There were 42 battalions in total. Since 1881, regular military exercises were conducted.

Supreme Commander of the Montenegrin army was the monarch, Prince / King Nikola I. Operational command, organization and financial support of the Montenegrin army was entrusted to the Ministry of Defence, the department of the Government of the Principality / Kingdom of Montenegro.

Файл:Vucji Do flag.jpg
Шаблон:Center

General Staff of the Montenegrin army was part of the Ministry of Defence.

In 1882 first 14 Montenegrins were sent to officer schools abroad, particularly in Italy and Russia. In 1886, 10 of them completed their education and they become first trained officers in Montenegrin warrior history. These Montenegrin officers held courses in Podgorica, Nikšić and Cetinje.

In September 1895, the first permanent Infantry NCO school in Podgorica was opened, and the first NCOs got desečar rank. At the end of 1896, artillery officer school in Cetinje was established – the first Montenegrin officer school.

Formations

Файл:NSRW Balkans03.jpg
Шаблон:Center

In 1906 Montenegrin army received the first systematized regulations, and the Law on Organization of the Army was adopted in 1910. Infantry and artillery, were established, followed by two specialized branches (reconnaissance and pioneering), and additional branches (medics, military workshop, the military court staff, gendarmerie and logistics).

In 1913 the Montenegrin gendarmerie became a special Military Police unit.

Since the establishment of the internal Montenegrin telecommunications system in 1869, vital for the flow of military-defence information, it was under the jurisdiction of Ministry of the military.

Until 1912, the territory of the Kingdom of Montenegro was divided into four divisional areas:

After wars 1912th–1913th established additional two divisions field:

By 1912, the Montenegrin Army had 11 brigade areas, 52 districts and 322 battalion troop areas. Divisions were composed of 2–3 Infantry Brigade.

Each divisional command had three artillery batteries. On the eve of the First Balkan War Kingdom of Montenegro lined up 55,000 soldiers.

After the establishment of the Kingdom of Montenegro in 1910, Montenegro was involved in three wars with the first one being the First Balkan War, in alliance with Serbia, Greece, Romania, and Bulgaria against the Ottoman Empire. The Second Balkan War was fought between Montenegro, Serbia, Greece, Romania and the Ottoman Empire against Bulgaria, with Bulgaria consequently losing significant territory in the north, Thrace, and Macedonia.

The Military of Montenegro before 1918, was much larger than today's military. During World War I, Montenegro mobilised 50,000 troops. The Commander-in-Chief was King Nikola I of Montenegro, while the General of Staff was Božidar Janković. Units included:

  • Pljevlja Division

The Pljevlja Division was commanded by Brigadier Luka Gojnić. The division was made up of 10 battalions. It had around 6,000 soldiers and patrolled the area east from Pljevlja.

  • Herzegovina Detachment

The Herzegovina Detachment was commanded by Serdar (Count) Janko Vukotić. The detachment was made up of 15 battalions. It had around 15,000 soldiers, and patrolled the border with Herzegovina.

  • Lovćen Detachment

The Lovćen Detachment was commanded by divizijar Mitar Martinović. The detachment was made up of 18 battalions. It had around 8,000 soldiers, and patrolled the areas of Lovćen and Sutorman.

  • Old Serbia' Detachment

The 'Old Serbia' Detachment was commanded by Brigadier Radomir Vešović. The detachment was made up of 13 battalions. It had around 6,000 soldiers and secured the Albanian border.

Uniforms

Most soldiers of the Montenegrin army had no uniforms. At mobilization, the soldiers were issued with a rifle and a badge to put on the cap. Both soldiers and officers in the reserve wore national costume. The badges in the caps had different designs depending on the rank of the wearer.

Файл:Moritz Ruhl - Montenegrinische Armee 1914 - Paradeuniformen.jpg
Dress Uniforms. 1. Komandir in national costume, 2/3. Divizijar, 4. Vojvod in national costume, 5/6. Officers, 7. Officer of the Royal Escort in national costume, 8. Private soldier, 9. Divizijar.
Файл:Moritz Ruhl - Montenegrinische Armee 1914 - Felduniformen.jpg
Field Uniforms. 1. Private soldier, 2. Bugler, 3. Corporal (all in field uniforms), 4.Captain in field uniform, 5. Lieutenant in cloak, 6. Komandir in field uniform, 7. Komandir, 8. Reserve soldier (both in national costumes), 9. Soldier of the Royal Escort in field uniform, 10. Brigadir in great coat.

Ranks and Badges

All Montenegrins between 18 and 62 years were conscripts. Recruitment was done three times a year, and the recruits are in peacetime had to have at least 25 years.

  • Officer ranks were: potporučnik, poručnik, kapetan, komandir, brigadir, divizijar
  • NCO ranks were: desečar, donarednik, narednik
  • Ceremonial ranks were: serdar, vojvoda
Файл:Moritz Ruhl - Montenegrinische Armee 1914 - Abzeichen.jpg
Cap Badges. From left to right. First row: Vojvod, Brigadir, Komandir, Lieutenant: Second row: Barjakdar = ensign, Vodnik = sergeant, Desečar = corporal, gunner

Peacekeeping operations

Montenegro participates in peace operations under the NATO and UN auspices as military troops and observers. Minister of Defense said that 85 soldiers are trained for international missions.[3] Montenegrin soldiers are trained by the German Bundeswehr.[4]

Montenegro sent 45 troops and medical personnel to the ISAF mission in Afghanistan and later took part in the Resolute Support Mission.[5][6]

Montenegro also participates in UN peacekeeping missions in Liberia, UNMIL, Cyprus, UNFICYP as military observers and Somalia, EU-NAVFOR.[7]

Current Mission Organization Country Nr. of personnel
NATO EFP NATO Latvia Special forces team
KFOR NATO Kosovo 2 Officers
UNMIL UN Liberia Officers as military observers
UNFICYP UN Cyprus Officers as military observers
MINURSO UN Western Sahara Officers as military observers
EU-NAVFOR EU Somalia 12 Members (APVD team)[8]
EUTM Mali EU Mali Officers training

Equipment

Ground Army

Weapon Country manufactured Cartridge Quantity Pictures Notes
Pistols
Glock 17[9] Шаблон:AUT 9×19mm Файл:ARMS & Hunting 2012 exhibition (474-23).jpg Standard gun of Montenegrin Military.[10]
Zastava CZ99 Шаблон:SRB 9×19mm Файл:Crvena Zastava 99.jpg Standard gun of Montenegrin Military
Tara TM9 Шаблон:MNE 9×19mm Currently in use.
Submachine guns
Heckler & Koch MP5 Шаблон:GER 9×19mm Parabellum Файл:MP5t.png Used by Special Forces.[11][12]
Tara TM-9 Шаблон:MNE 9×19mm Parabellum Similar to the Colt 9mm SMG, but with forward assist and Glock magazine compatibility.[13]
Assault rifles
Zastava M59/66 Шаблон:YUG 7.62×39mm Файл:Yugoslavian SKS M59 66.JPG Ceremonial rifle
MPT-76 Шаблон:TUR 7.62×51mm NATO
5.56×45mm NATO 		30 Файл:MPT-76 Assault Rifle.jpg 15 x rifles in NATO calibre 7.62x51 mm and 15 x rifles in 5.56×45 mm NATO ammunition according to a protocol signed by representatives of the Turkish and Montenegrin defence ministries in Ankara on 1 October.[14]
G36 Шаблон:GER 5.56×45mm NATO 655
(as of 2015)[15] 		Файл:800px-G36bw.jpg Standard rifle of Montenegrin Military
Steyr AUG Шаблон:AUT 5.56×45mm NATO Файл:AUG A1 508mm 04.jpg Used by Special Forces
Heckler & Koch HK416 Шаблон:GER 5.56×45mm NATO Файл:HK416N.png Used by Special Forces.[11][16]
Tara TM4 Шаблон:MNE 5.56×45mm NATO Standard issue rifle in the Montenegrin ground army
Zastava M70/M70A Шаблон:YUG
Шаблон:SRB 		7.62×39mm Файл:Zastava M-70.jpg In reserve
Sniper rifles
Heckler & Koch PSG1 Шаблон:GER 7.62×51mm NATO Файл:PSG1 and MSG 90.jpg PSG 1 and MSG 90 in service.[17][18]
Zastava M93 Black Arrow Шаблон:YUG
Шаблон:SRB 		12.7×108mm Файл:Sniper Zastava M93.jpg In service
Zastava M76 Шаблон:YUG
Шаблон:SRB 		7.92×57mm Файл:Zastava-M76-Full.jpg In reserve
Zastava M91 Шаблон:YUG
Шаблон:SRB 		7.62×54mmR Файл:Sniper Zastava M91.jpg In reserve
Machine guns
Zastava M84 Шаблон:YUG
Шаблон:SRB 		7.62×54mmR Файл:ZastavaM84gpmg.jpg In service.[11]
Zastava M72 Шаблон:YUG
Шаблон:SRB 		7.62×39mm Файл:M72B1.jpg In reserve
Grenade launcher
BGA 30mm Шаблон:SRB 30mm Файл:Zastava BGA 30mm 01.jpg In service
Heckler & Koch AG36 Шаблон:GER 40mm Файл:GewehrAG36.jpg In service
Anti-tank
M79 Osa Шаблон:YUG 90mm rocket Файл:M79-OSA.jpg In service, planned to buy new man-portable anti-tank systems.Шаблон:Fact
M80 Zolja Шаблон:YUG 64mm rocket Файл:Zolja1.jpg In service, planned to buy new man-portable anti-tank systems.Шаблон:Fact
9M14 Malyutka Шаблон:USSR
Шаблон:YUG 		64mm rocket Файл:Malyutka.JPG In service
Mortar
M57 Шаблон:YUG 60mm 43 Файл:Минобацач М57 60мм.jpg In service
M69 Шаблон:YUG 82mm 44 Файл:Минобацач М69 82мм.jpg 14 active, 30 in reserve
M74/M75 Шаблон:YUG 120mm 32 Файл:Mortar 120 mm M-75 Croatian Army.JPG In service.[19]
Howitzer
D-30J 122 mm Шаблон:USSR 122 mm 12 Файл:Military Montenegro 23.jpg In service.[19]
Multiple rocket launchers
M-94 Plamen-S Шаблон:YUG 128 mm 18 Файл:M94 Plamen S 128mm 1.jpg In service.[19]
Armoured personnel carriers
model country of origin year of production quantity picture notes
Oshkosh L-ATV Шаблон:USA 2020 to 2024 67 Файл:Lithuanian Towed JLTV.jpg The Gale Banks Engineering diesel engine develops 340 hp, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 10.2 t, of which the payload is 3.8 t.

- 55 vehicles are equipped with RCWS (Remote Controlled Weapon Station) 12.7 mm,

- 4 vehicles are equipped with 30 mm gun SAMSON 30,

- 4 vehicles are equipped with missile launchers for Spike LR HEAT and Spike SR missiles and

- 4 vehicles are command and reconnaissance vehicle.

ACS LAPV 5.4 Enok Шаблон:GER 2018 6 Файл:MB461 LAPV Enok Mil Police German Service.jpg
Файл:Light Armoured Patrol Vehicle ENOK.jpg 		The diesel engine develops 184 hp, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 5.4 t.
Otokar Cobra Шаблон:TUR 2016 1 Файл:Fsk18.jpg The diesel engine develops 190 hp, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 6.7 t. Light armoured combat vehicle for chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear reconnaissance.
Achleitner RCV Survivor Шаблон:AUT 2010 4 Файл:RCVSURVIVORMNE.JPG
Файл:Achleitner Survivor-I.jpg 		The diesel engine develops 286 hp and 650 Nm, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 8 t, of which the payload is 2.5 t. Reconnaisance and Command Vehicle (RCV) have modified chassis of the Toyota Land Cruiser 200.
TAM BOV VP М86 Шаблон:YUG 3 Файл:BOV-VP M-86 3.jpg The diesel engine develops 150 hp and 490 Nm, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 9.1 t.
BTR-50 PK Soviet Union 5 Not in use.
Military light utility vehicle
Toyota Hilux RC 19 2.4 D 4x4 Шаблон:JPN 2020 20 Файл:EB (15168558335).jpg The diesel engine develops 150 hp and 400 Nm, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 3 t, of which the payload is circa 1 t.
Mercedes-Benz G-Class[20] Шаблон:GER 2016 6 Файл:Mercedes G class - Montenegro Military.jpg The 3.0 V6 diesel engine develops 240 hp and 600 Nm
Toyota Land Cruiser Шаблон:JPN 2016 1 Ambulance vehicle
Isuzu D-Max Шаблон:JPN 2016 1 The diesel engine develops 163 hp and 400 Nm, and is used for food transport.
Achleitner MMV Survivor Шаблон:AUT 2010 16 Файл:MMVSURVIVORMNE.jpg The diesel engine develops 173 hp and 410 Nm, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 4 t, of which the payload is circa 0.8 t. Militarized Mission Vehicle (MMV) is Toyota Land Cruiser but with reinforced suspension, additional engine and gearbox protection, modified brake system and the intake and exhaust system (so that the vehicle could go through water), can cary five soldiers and in the trunk there are five boxes for automatic rifles (one for each soldier) and painted in military color.
Pinzgauer 710 Шаблон:AUT Файл:PINZGAUERMNE.jpg The petrol engine develops 90 hp and 185 Nm, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 2,9 t, of which the payload is circa 1 t.
Military utility trucks
BMC 245-16P Turkey 2023 2 The Cummins 615Be 245 diesel engine develops 245 hp and 925 Nm, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 16 t, of which the payload is 8.5 t (off-road 5 t).
BMC 380-26P Turkey 2023 1 The Cummins ISMe 385 30 diesel engine develops 380 hp and 1,834 Nm, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 26 t, of which the payload is 15.5 t (off-road 10 t).
Iveco MUV Italy 2019 1 Ambulance vehicle
Mercedes-Benz Unimog 405 Germany 2010
TAM 110 T7 B/BV Yugoslavia Military Montenegro The F4 L 413 R diesel engine develops 115 hp and 350 Nm, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 7 t, of which the payload is 2.5 t (off-road 1.5 t).
TAM 150 T11 B/BV Yugoslavia Military Montenegro The F6 L 413 R diesel engine develops 150 hp and 490 Nm, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 11.4 t, of which the payload is 5 t (off-road 3 t).
FAP 2026 Шаблон:YUG Файл:FAP 2026.jpg The OM 402 diesel engine develops 256 hp and 834 Nm, gross vehicle mass (GVM) are 21 t, of which the payload is 10 t (off-road 6 t).
Engineering vehicles
IMK TG-110
IMK TG-140
IMK TG-160
IMK TG-190
IMK TG-220 		Шаблон:YUG Файл:Military Montenegro 36.JPG Tracked bulldozer
IMK ULT-160 Шаблон:YUG Файл:Military Montenegro 31.jpg Wheeled bulldozer
CAT 434F Шаблон:USA Файл:CATVCG.png Backhoe loader
Mercedes-Benz Unimog Шаблон:GER Файл:UNIMOG.JPG Multi-purpose utility vehicle

Navy

Class Country manufactured Variants Quantity Pictures Notes
Frigate
Kotor class Шаблон:YUG – P-33 Kotor
- P-34 Novi Sad 		1
1 		Файл:Patrolni brod klasa Kotor P34.jpg 2 in reserve[21]
Fast attack craft
Končar class Шаблон:YUG – RTOP-405 Jordan Nikolov Orce
– RTOP-406 Ante Banina 		1
1 		Файл:Rtop 405.jpg Under reconstruction. The ship RTOP-405 rentered service in 2019. under name P-105 "Durmitor".Шаблон:Fact
Transport and support
PO class Шаблон:YUG – PO91 1 1 in reserve
Tugboats
Salvage tug Шаблон:YUG – PR-41 (Orada)
- LR-77 		1
1 		Файл:PR41 ORADA.jpg 2 in active service
Sailing ship
Jadran Шаблон:Flag Used as a training ship 1 Файл:Jadran saling ship.JPEG 1 in active service
Motor sailboat Шаблон:YUG – Bojana
- Milena 		1
1 		Файл:Sailing boatVCG.jpg 2 in active service
Motorboat
Diving boat Шаблон:YUG -Ronilačka baraksa 81
-Ronilačka barkasa 85 		1
1 		Файл:Brm81.jpg 2 in active service
Motor boat Polycat Шаблон:NED 1 1 in active service
Motor boat Шаблон:YUG – ČM 33 1 1 in active service
Inflatable boat
Valiant 620PT Шаблон:UK Used by Marine Platoon 2 Файл:Montenegrian Military inflatable boat.jpg 2 in active service
Motor yacht
Jadranka Шаблон:YUG VIP Yacht 1 Файл:Jadranka Presidential yacht in Military of Montenegro.png Offered for sale
Crane vessel
Floating Crane Шаблон:YUG LDI 18 1 Файл:LDI18.jpg 1 in active service

Air Force

Aircraft Country manufactured Variant Quantity Pictures Notes
Transport
Cessna 421 Golden Eagle Шаблон:USA Cessna 421B Golden Eagle 1 Файл:Cessna421B-Landing.jpg One for transport, medical evacuation and training.Шаблон:Fact
Transport and utility helicopters
SOKO Gazelle Шаблон:FRA
Шаблон:YUG 		HO-42/45
HI-42 Hera
HN-45 Gama 		13 Файл:GazelleMNE.jpg Produced under license in Yugoslavia.[19] Planned replacement with new helicopters in the next 5 years, one of the possible helicopter is Bell 505 Jet Ranger X.Шаблон:Fact
Bell 412 Шаблон:USA
Шаблон:CAN 		412EP
412EPI 		1
2 		Файл:Bell 412.jpg One EP variant and two EPI variants. Medical evacuation, search and rescue, aerial firefighting, patrol.[22][23]
Training helicopters
Bell 505 Jet Ranger X Шаблон:US
Шаблон:CAN 		Bell 505 Jet Ranger X 2 Файл:SP-NCC (47695559591).jpg Two for pilot training.[24]
Air defence
9K32 Strela-2M Шаблон:USSR
Шаблон:YUG 		Portable low-altitude surface-to-air missile Файл:SA-7.jpg Planned to buy new man-portable air-defense systems.Шаблон:Fact
Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70 Шаблон:SWE Autocannon 40mm L/70,
works with GIRAFFE Radar 		Файл:L70 Bofors V i PVO VS.jpg Planned for modernization.Шаблон:Fact
Giraffe radar Шаблон:SWE Early warning radar, works
with Bofors 40mm L/70 		Файл:Zirafa Radar.png Planned for modernization.Шаблон:Fact

Gallery

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Military of Montenegro Шаблон:Montenegro topics Шаблон:North Atlantic Treaty Organization Шаблон:Military of Europe Шаблон:Military equipment of Europe

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MilBalp126 не указан текст
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ David Noack: Subsidiary Troops (German: Hilfstruppen), german-foreign-policy.com, 17.03.2008.
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ http://www.mod.gov.me/rubrike/Mirovne_misije/vojska_crne_gore_u_medjunarodnim_misijama_i_operac
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ http://www.gov.me/files/1256832119.pdf Page 15
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  20. ↑ Montenegro army land ground armed forces military equipment armored vehicle intelligence pictures – Army Recognition
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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