Английская Википедия:Armed Forces of Senegal
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox national military
The Armed Forces of Senegal (Шаблон:Lang-fr) consists of about 17,000 personnel in the army, air force, navy, and gendarmerie. The Senegal military force receives most of its training, equipment, and support from France and the United States. Germany also provides support but on a smaller scale.
Military noninterference in political affairs has contributed to Senegal's stability since independence. Senegal has participated in many international and regional peacekeeping missions. Most recently, in 2000, Senegal sent a battalion to the Democratic Republic of Congo to participate in MONUC, the United Nations peacekeeping mission.
Senegal also agreed to deploy a United States-trained battalion to Sierra Leone to participate in UNAMSIL, another UN peacekeeping mission. The training operation was designated Operation Focus Relief and involved U.S. Army Special Forces from 3rd Special Forces Group training a number of West African battalions, including Nigerian ones.
As one of the largest troop contributors in Africa (per capita) to African Union missions, United Nations missions, and other regional security organizations, the Senegalese military has proven itself to be one of the most effective and reliable militaries on the African continent. This is remarkable given that Senegal is poorer than the average Sub-Saharan African country. Most importantly, the army of Senegal is multi-ethnic, not coup-proofed, and has never attempted a coup d'état, which is a rarity in Africa. Harmonious Senegalese civil-military relations since independence have permitted the creation of an effective 'military enclave' that is a capable institution not a threat to the political leadership in Dakar.[1]
Summary of past military actions
- In October 1980 and August 1981, the Senegalese military was invited into the Gambia by President Dawda Kairaba Jawara to put down a coup attempt.[2]
- In August 1989, Senegalese-Gambian military cooperation ceased with the dissolution of the Senegambian Confederation.
- In 1990, 500 Senegalese troops were deployed to Saudi Arabia to take part in the Gulf War. 92 of them were killed after the end of the conflict in a plane crash on 21 March 1991.
- In 1992 1,500 men were sent to the ECOMOG peacekeeping group in Liberia.
- In 1994, a battalion-sized force was sent to Rwanda to participate in the UN peacekeeping mission there.
- Senegal intervened in the Guinea-Bissau civil war in 1998 at the request of former President Vieira.[3]
- A Senegalese contingent deployed on a peacekeeping mission to the Central African Republic in 1997.
- In 2017, Senegal deployed troops into the Gambia to support newly elected President Adama Barrow, an action legally justified by UN resolution 2337.
The Army (Шаблон:Lang) is the leading force within the Senegalese armed forces and provides the chief of staff and the Шаблон:Lang.
Army
Since independence from France in 1960, the army has gone through a large number of reorganisations. The army's heritage includes the Tirailleurs sénégalais. In 1978, Senegal dispatched a battalion to the Inter-African Force in Zaire, in the aftermath of the Shaba II fighting. The Senegalese contingent was under the command of Colonel Osmane Ndoye.[4] The Senegalese force comprised a parachute battalion from Thiaroye.
The Army currently consists of two divisions, the Operations Division and the Logistic Division. The IISS estimated in 2012 that the Army had a strength of 11,900 soldiers, three armoured battalions the 22nd, 24th, and 25th (at Bignona) and the 26th Шаблон:Lang at Kolda; there are six infantry battalions numbered 1st to 6th.[5] 3rd Battalion may have been at Kaolack with 4th at Tambacounda at one point.[6]
Also reported is the 12th Battalion of the 2nd Military Zone at Saint Louis (Dakhar Bango),[7] along with the Prytanée militaire de Saint-Louis, a military secondary school.
Although the Senegalese Air Force is geared towards supporting it, the army may have previously maintained its own very small aviation branch, called the "Шаблон:Lang" (like the French army's equivalent), which may have counted up to five light helicopters and two SA330 Puma transport helicopters. The IISS Military Balance 2012 does not list any helicopters in army service.
National Gendarmerie
The Gendarmerie is a military force which provides policing and security. It includes a Territorial Gendarmerie with general policing duties, and a Mobile Gendarmerie for special tasks and serious public disorder.
The Senegalese gendarmerie evolved out of a French colonial Spahi detachment sent to Senegal in 1845. This detachment (which became today's Red Guard of Senegal) was the cadre around which the "Colonial Gendarmerie" was formed. On independence this became the National Gendarmerie.
The commander is General Abdoulaye Fall (a different person from the current Armed Forces Chief of Staff of the same name), whose rank is divisional general, and whose full job title is "High Commander of the Gendarmerie and Director of Military Justice".
The navy (Шаблон:Lang), also known as the Шаблон:Lang, is of small size and is commanded by a ship-of-the-line captain. It is responsible for securing Senegal's Шаблон:Convert Atlantic coastline which is strategically located on the extreme west of the African continent. The coastline is divided in two by The Gambia. The navy was created in 1975.[8] The Navy operates two bases, one at Dakar and the other at Elinkine. The navy also patrols the Шаблон:Convert territorial waters as well as a declared Шаблон:Convert exclusive economic zone.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
The Navy is divided into three branches known as "groupings":[9]
- The Operational Naval Grouping (Шаблон:Lang), which is divided into three flotillas and one group:
- The High Seas Patrol Boats (Шаблон:Lang),
- The Coastal Surveillance Vessels (Шаблон:Lang),
- The Fast Coastal Boats (Шаблон:Lang) and
- The Transport Group (Шаблон:Lang).
- The Naval Support Grouping (Шаблон:Lang) responsible for ports, repairs, training, and logistics.
- The Fluvial-Maritime Surveillance Grouping.
Air Force
Шаблон:Main The air force (Шаблон:Lang) is orientated towards providing support for ground forces and resembles an army aviation corps. It possesses air-to-air combat aeroplanes, Mil Mi-24 gunship helicopters, as well as transport and reconnaissance aircraft.
Military Areas
At the present time, there are seven military zones:[10]
- Zone n°1 - Dakar
- Zone n°2 - Saint-Louis
- Zone n°3 - Kaolack
- Zone n°4 - Tambacounda
- Zone n°5 - Ziguinchor
- Zone n°6 - Kolda
- Zone n°7 - Thiès
Each zone comprises a garrison office that caters to military issues and a social service office. The IISS Military Balance listed four zones in 2007.
Equipment
Small arms
Anti-tank weapons
| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Caliber | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MILAN[28] | Файл:Tag der Bundeswehr Jagel 2019 HJL 13 noBG.png | Anti-tank missile | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
496 |
Anti-aircraft weapons
| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bofors L/60Шаблон:Sfn | Файл:40mm bofors AA-gun in Finland.JPG | Autocannon | Шаблон:Flag | 12 | INS | |
| 20 mm modèle F2 gun | Файл:20mm F2 gun.jpg | Autocannon | Шаблон:Flag | 21 | INS | Used for air defence. |
Artillery
Tank destroyers
| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WMA-301 | Файл:WMA-301 tank destroyers of Djiboutian Army.jpg | Tank destroyer | Шаблон:Flag | 12[32] | INS |
Infantry fighting vehicles
| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ratel IFV | Файл:Ratel 90 armyrecognition South-Africa 008.jpg | Infantry fighting vehicle | Шаблон:Flag | 26[33] | INS |
Armored personnel carriers
| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panhard M3 | Файл:PanhardM3.png | Armoured personnel carrier | Шаблон:Flag | 16[30] | INS | |
| M3 half-track | Файл:M3 half track 9-08-2008 14-47-56.JPG | Half-track Armored personnel carrier |
Шаблон:Flag | 12[30] | INS | |
| WZ-551 | Файл:Sri Lanka Military 0233.jpg | Command post | Шаблон:Flag | 1[32] | INS | |
| EE-11 Urutu | Файл:EE-11 Urutu — 15RcMecEs.jpg | Amphibious Armored personnel carrier | Шаблон:Flag | Unknown[34] | INS | |
| RG-31 Nyala | Файл:RG-31.JPG | Infantry mobility vehicle | Шаблон:Flag | Unknown | INS | |
| Dozor-B | Файл:Dozor-B, Kyiv 2018, 01.jpg | Infantry mobility vehicle | Шаблон:Flag | 6[35] | INS |
Reconnaissance
| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panhard AML | Файл:AML-90 DM-SC-91-12078.JPEG | Armored car | Шаблон:Flag | 53[30] | INS | |
| Eland-90 | Файл:Eland Armoured Vehicle.jpg | Armored car | Шаблон:Flag | 47[36] | INS | |
| RAM MK3 | Файл:RAM2000vehicle.jpg | Armored Car | Шаблон:Flag | 55[13] | INS |
Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected
| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Casspir | Файл:Mechem Casspir Mk II (9686200019).jpg | MRAP | Шаблон:Flag | 9[37] | INS | |
| PUMA M26-15 | Файл:OTT Puma M26-15 MRAP (9686047211).jpg | MRAP | Шаблон:Flag | 30[13] | INS | |
| Ejder Yalçın | Файл:Thumbs b c d0742ff69c3760b985f82fe63ebdd91c.jpg | MRAP | Шаблон:Flag | 25[38] | INS |
Utility vehicles
| Name | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humvee | Файл:2015 MCAS Beaufort Air Show 041215-M-CG676-161.jpg | Light utility vehicle | Шаблон:Flag | 23[39] | INS | |
| M151 | Файл:AMG M151 A2 (1978) GB (owner Gavin Broad).JPG | Utility vehicle | Шаблон:Flag | Unknown[40] | INS |
Aircraft
Шаблон:MainNavy[41]
Citations
Шаблон:Reflist Part of this article is derived from the equivalent article at French Wikipedia
References
External links
Шаблон:Senegal topics Шаблон:Military of Africa
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ IISS Military Balance 2012, 449.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Bryden & N'Diaye (eds), 'Security Sector Governance in Francophone West Africa, DCAF, 2011, 207.
- ↑ État Major des Armees, Zones militaires Шаблон:Webarchive, accessed August 2009
- ↑ 11,00 11,01 11,02 11,03 11,04 11,05 11,06 11,07 11,08 11,09 11,10 11,11 Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 13,5 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 30,0 30,1 30,2 30,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 32,0 32,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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