Английская Википедия:Aromanian alphabet
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Aromanians sidebar The Aromanian alphabet (Шаблон:Lang-rup) is a variant of the Latin script used for writing the Aromanian language. The current version of the alphabet was suggested in 1997 at the Symposium for Standardisation of the Aromanian Writing System in Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia and revised in 1999. It was then adopted by most Aromanian writers in North Macedonia, Serbia, Albania, Bulgaria and Romania.[1]
Alphabet
The alphabet consists of several letters and digraphs.[2] The Aromanian alphabet is since 1997 standardized.
| Letter | Name[3] | Pronunciation (IPA) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| A, a | a | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| Ã, ã | ã | Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPAslink (sometimes) | For Шаблон:IPAslink, "â" may be used |
| B, b | bã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| C, c | cã | Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPAslink | Шаблон:IPA when followed by "a", "o", "u" or a consonant; (Шаблон:IPA in some dialects), Шаблон:IPA when followed by "e" or "i" |
| D, d | dã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| Dh, dh | dhã | Шаблон:IPAslink | Used only for notation in particular accents where this phoneme is present, otherwise "d" is used |
| Dz, dz | dzã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| E, e | e | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| F, f | fã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| G, g | gã | Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPAslink | Шаблон:IPA before "a", "o", "u" or a consonant (Шаблон:IPA in some dialects), Шаблон:IPA before "e" and "i" |
| H, h | hã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| I, i | i | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| J, j | jã | Шаблон:IPAslink | |
| K, k | ca | Шаблон:IPAslink | before "e" or "i" only |
| L, l | lã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| Lj, lj | ljã | Шаблон:IPAslink | Found in Macedonian Latin alphabet |
| M, m | mã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| N, n | nã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| Nj, nj | njã | Шаблон:IPAslink | Found in Macedonian Latin alphabet |
| O, o | o | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| P, p | pã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| Q, q | kiu | Шаблон:IPAslink | Used only in foreign words – "c" is normally used instead |
| R, r | rã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| Rr, rr | rrã | ? | Used only for notation in particular accents where this phoneme is present, otherwise "r" is used |
| S, s | sã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| Sh, sh | shã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| T, t | tã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| Th, th | thã | Шаблон:IPAslink | Used only for notation in particular accents where this phoneme is present, otherwise "t" is used |
| Ts, ts | tsã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| U, u | u | Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPAslink | For Шаблон:IPAslink, "ù" may be used |
| V, v | vã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
| W, w | dublã vã | Шаблон:IPAslink | Used only in foreign words |
| X, x | csã/gzã | Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA | Same pronunciation as found in English |
| Y, y | i greacã | Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPAslink | Шаблон:IPA before "e" and "i", Шаблон:IPA elsewhere |
| Z, z | zã | Шаблон:IPAslink | – |
In addition, the digraph "gj" (Шаблон:IPAslink before "e" and "i") is used as well.
History
Prior to adoption of the current writing system, Aromanian had been written using a wide variety of scripts, including Greek and Cyrillic.
With the standardisation of Romanian, a language closely related to Aromanian, and the opening of Romanian schools in the southern Balkans, the Romanian alphabet was used to write Aromanian.
In the 1980s and 1990s, there was a renewed push for creating a standard writing system. Aromanian began being taught in schools in North Macedonia, Albania, and Romania. Members of various Aromanian societies around the world held conferences every few years, all with the main goal of promoting a standard Aromanian alphabet.
Besides the standardized alphabet, there still exist other variants. Those based on the Latin alphabet often use the letters â, ă, î, ș, ț (as does Romanian) and also ḑ, ľ, ń. In Greece, Aromanian is usually written using the Greek script.
See also
- Cyrillic alphabet
- Greek alphabet
- Istro-Romanian alphabet
- Megleno-Romanian alphabet
- Romanian alphabet
References
Шаблон:Language orthographies Шаблон:Aromanians
