Английская Википедия:Arosa
Шаблон:About Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Swiss town
Arosa is a town and a municipality in the Plessur Region in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It is both a summer and a winter tourist resort.
On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Calfreisen, Castiel, Langwies, Lüen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.[1]
At the end of 2013 the Arosa ski resort was linked with Lenzerheide by cable-car, creating the new ski resort of Arosa Lenzerheide; since that change, transport passes have been valid in both resorts.
The official language of Arosa is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
The resort is known throughout Switzerland for its famous ice hockey team, the EHC Arosa which used to be one of the most successful teams in the country.
History
Arosa is first mentioned about 1330 as Araus. In 1383 it was mentioned as Orossen and in 1428 it was first mentioned as Arosa.[2]
The first known settlements are from the 13th century. After 1300 Arosa German-speaking Walser settlers came from Davos and replaced the original Romansh-speaking inhabitants. During the following centuries, the village had a subsistence alpine pasture economy. Until 1851 it was politically a part of the Davos municipality. Arosa was established as a health resort by a German doctor in 1883, and the first sanatorium was opened in 1888. From 1900 on it gradually developed as a winter resort. In 1938 the first ski lifts were built, and in 1956 the Weisshorn cable car was opened and further rope and chair lifts followed.
In 1851 Arosa separated from the municipality of Davos.[3]
Skiing in Switzerland received a big boost from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the Sherlock Holmes series. Conan Doyle, an avid sportsman, was wintering in Davos. For entertainment, he ordered some skiing "boards" from Norway and hiked up the mountain with two local guides. They then skied down into Arosa, ending their journey with a luncheon at a local inn, the Seehof, the first hotel in Arosa. Conan Doyle wrote of his pioneering Davos/Arosa ski adventure in a British magazine, The Strand, in 1894, and the story attracted British skiers to Switzerland.
Erwin Schrödinger was vacationing in Arosa at Christmas 1925 when he made his breakthrough discovery of wave mechanics.
In 1933, Thomas Mann stayed in Arosa during the first week of his Swiss exile.
The 1939 film Over the Moon (shot 1937–9) has brief Technicolor exterior shots of the train station and ski resort areas.
On 20 February 1940, Germany's Hassall met with British J. Lonsdale Bryant in Arosa, to make a plan to overthrow the ruling German Nazi Adolf Hitler.[4]
The Cinema Museum in London holds film of the resort from 1959,[5]
Geography
The municipality of Arosa has an area of Шаблон:Convert. Of this, 42% is used for agriculture, and 15.2% is forested. 3.1% is settled (buildings and roads) and the remainder (39.7%) includes the rivers, glaciers and mountains which attract tourists which constitute the primary industry.[6]
Before 2017, the municipality was in the Schanfigg sub-district of the Plessur district, after that date it was part of the Plessur Region. Located on the south-east slope of the Weisshorn chain, the town of Arosa is at the top of the Schanfigg valley at the foot of the Aroser Weisshorn (Шаблон:Convert). Adjoining are the areas of Innerarosa, Dorf-Obersee, Untersee and Maran-Prätschli at an elevation of Шаблон:Convert.
The two lakes in the centre of Arosa are the Obersee (upper lake) and Untersee. The town's railway station is at the end of a branch line from Chur.
Tourism
Arosa has a well-known and safe skiing area and boasts over Шаблон:Convert of slopes.
The main industry is tourism: there are 4287 guest beds. Arosa has an unemployment rate of 1.32%. Шаблон:As of, there were only 4 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 2 businesses involved in this sector. 308 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 30 businesses in this sector. 1,202 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 185 businesses in this sector.[6]
Demographics
Arosa has a year-round population (as of Шаблон:Swiss populations YM) of Шаблон:Swiss populations.Шаблон:Swiss populations ref Шаблон:As of, 22.0% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.[7] Over the last 10 years the population has decreased by 9.8%, but fluctuates seasonally from about 4600 in January to about 2500 in May. Most of the population (Шаблон:As of) speak German (79.8%), with Portuguese being second most common language (7.3%) and Italian third (4.1%).[6]
Шаблон:As of, there were 51.1% males and 48.9% females.[8] The age distribution, Шаблон:As of, in Arosa is: 7.0% between 0 and 9 years old; 3.2% are 10 to 14; 4.5% are 15 to 19. 26.2% are between 20 and 29 years old. 18.0% are 30 to 39, 14.5% are 40 to 49, 11.6% are 50 to 59. 7.0% are between 60 and 69 years old, 4.9% are 70 to 79, 2.3% are 80 to 89, and 0.6% are 90 to 99.[7]
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 45% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (24.7%), the SP (17%) and the CVP (12%).[6]
In Arosa about 70.3% of the population between age 25-64 have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[6]
From the Шаблон:As of, 1,140 or 41.1% are Roman Catholic, while 1,150 or 41.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. 109 individuals (or about 3.9% of the population) belong to the Orthodox Church, and 17 individuals (about 0.6% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. The remainder belong to other religions or did not specify a religion.[7]
The historical population is given in the following table:[2]
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1550–1750 | c. 125 |
| 1850 | 52 |
| 1900 | 1,071 |
| 1930 | 3,466 |
| 1941 | 1,980 |
| 2000 | 2,771 |
Heritage sites of national significance
The archeological site of Carschlingg near Castiel, a prehistoric, late-Roman and Early Middle Ages settlement, and the Langwieser Viaduct for the Rhätische Bahn are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The hamlets of Medergen, Sapün and Strassberg are all part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[9]
Climate
Arosa experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc) similar to that of Valdez, Alaska, with short, cool summers, and long cold, but not severely cold winters. Precipitation is abundant year round, and so is snowfall, with annual totals averaging 285 inches (723 cm).[10]
Between 1961 and 1990 Arosa had an average of 147 days of rain per year and on average received Шаблон:Convert of precipitation. The wettest month was August, with an average of Шаблон:Convert of precipitation and an average of 14.5 days with rain. The month with the most days of precipitation was June, with 15.6, but with only Шаблон:Convert of precipitation. The driest month of the year was February with Шаблон:Convert of precipitation over 14.5 days.[11]
Transportation
The Rhaetian Railway operates frequent train services on the Chur–Arosa railway to Chur.
Notable people
- Carl Rüedi (1848 – 1901 in Arosa) a Swiss pulmonologist, treated author Robert Louis Stevenson
- Egbert Coleby Morland FRCS FRCP (1874–1955) an English physician, he practised as a pulmonary specialist in Switzerland 1903–1914, first at Davos and then in Arosa
- Lieutenant Alfred Michael Koch MC (born 1894 in Arosa – 1984) a Swiss-born Canadian flying ace credited with ten aerial victories
- Paul ten Bruggencate (1901 in Arosa – 1961) a German astronomer and astrophysicist.
- Karl-Heinz Kipp (1924 – 2017 in Arosa) a German billionaire, lived in Arosa and owned the Tschuggen Grand Hotel
- Youri Messen-Jaschin (born 1941 in Arosa) an artist of Latvian origin, he often combines oils and gouaches.
- Sport
- David Zogg (1902–1977) a Swiss alpine and Nordic combined skier. He was raised in Arosa
- Werner Lohrer (1917 in Arosa – 1991) an ice hockey player, bronze medallist at the 1948 Winter Olympics
- Heini Lohrer (1918 in Arosa – 2011) an ice hockey player, bronze medallist at the 1948 Winter Olympics
- Roger Staub (1936 in Arosa – 1974) an alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist at the 1960 Winter Olympics
- Werner Geeser (1948 in Arosa – 2011) a Swiss cross-country skier, competed in the 1972 Winter Olympics
- Engelhard Pargätzi (born 1959 in Arosa) a retired Swiss alpine skier who competed in the 1976 Winter Olympics
- Isabel Waidacher (born 1994 in Arosa) a Swiss ice hockey player, six-time Swiss champion with the ZSC Lions Frauen
See also
References
External links
- Шаблон:Official website
- Tourism information Шаблон:Webarchive
- Alpine Pearls
- Livecams of Arosa
- Шаблон:HDS
Шаблон:Municipalities of the Plessur Region Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 9 February 2013
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:HDS
- ↑ Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office Шаблон:In lang accessed 23 September 2009
- ↑ Shirer's Rise and Fall of the Third. Reich, location 17382, 56% into the book.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 Swiss Federal Statistical Office Шаблон:Webarchive accessed 27-Oct-2009
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Graubunden Population Statistics Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 21 September 2009
- ↑ Graubunden in Numbers Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 21 September 2009
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web, the weather station elevation is 1840 metres above sea level.
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