Английская Википедия:Arses of Persia
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Infobox royalty Arses (Шаблон:Lang-peo; Шаблон:Lang-grc-gre), also known by his regnal name Artaxerxes IV (Шаблон:IPAc-en; Шаблон:Lang-peo Шаблон:Transl; Шаблон:Lang-grc-gre), was the twelfth Achaemenid King of Kings from 338 to 336 BC.
Arses ascended the throne, after his father Artaxerxes III—who had caused a resurgence of the Persian Empire—was poisoned by the eunuch Bagoas. The latter put Arses on the throne with the expectation of being able to control him. With the weakening of the Achaemenid Empire from the assassination of Artaxerxes III and the succession of Arses, the Greek league sent troops into Asia in 336.
Arses, in an attempt to free himself from Bagoas' influences, tried to have the eunuch poisoned; but did not succeed, instead succumbing to poison himself at the orders of Bagoas. Bagoas put Arses' cousin Darius III on the throne after him.
Name
He is known as Шаблон:Lang in Greek sources and that seems to have been his real name, but the Xanthus trilingue and potsherds from Samaria report that he took the royal name of Artaxerxes IV, following his father and grandfather.
Шаблон:Lang is the Greek form of the Old Persian Шаблон:Lang, which is also attested in the Avestan form Шаблон:Lang and is used in multiple Old Persian compound-names, such as Шаблон:Transl, Шаблон:Transl, and Шаблон:Transl. The term is linguistically related to Greek Шаблон:Transl, meaning "male, manly".Шаблон:Sfn
Biography
Arses was the youngest son of Artaxerxes III and his wife Atossa.Шаблон:Sfn Arses had several brothers, only one whose name is attested, a certain Bisthanes.Шаблон:Sfn Persia was experiencing a resurgence under Artaxerxes III, who reorganized his empire, and suppressed revolts throughout the country.Шаблон:Sfn However, the fortunes of Persia came to an abrupt end in autumn of 338, when Artaxerxes III was murdered by the ambitious eunuch and chiliarch Bagoas, who had the king poisoned.Шаблон:Sfn Artaxerxes III's early death proved to be a problematic issue for Persia,Шаблон:Sfn and may have played a role in the weakening of the country.Шаблон:Sfn The majority of Artaxerxes III's sons, with the exception of Arses and Bisthanes, were also murdered by Bagoas.Шаблон:Sfn Bagoas, who wanted to be kingmaker, put the young Arses on the throne.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
On his ascension to the throne, Arses most likely assumed the regnal name of Artaxerxes IV.Шаблон:Sfn He was put on the throne by Bagoas due to his youth, which the latter sought to take advantage of in order to control him. Around the same period, most of the Greek city-states had joined the Greek league under the leadership of the Macedonian king Philip II, who took advantage of the events in Persia by demanding compensation from the country for helping the town of Perinthus during the reign of Artaxerxes III.Шаблон:Sfn Arses declined, and as a result, a Greek expedition was started with Philip II as general, who sent 10,000 Macedonian soldiers into Asia in 336 BC.Шаблон:Sfn At the same time, however, Arses was determined on trying to free himself from Bagoas' authority and influence; he made an unsuccessful effort to have the latter poisoned, only to be poisoned himself along with the rest of his family by Bagoas, who put Arses' cousin Darius III on the throne.Шаблон:Sfn Macedonian propaganda, made in order to legitimize the conquests of Alexander the Great a few years later, accused Darius III of playing a key role in the murder of Arses, who was portrayed as the last king of the Achaemenid royal house.Шаблон:Sfn
Coinage
There is no dynastic coinage of Artaxerxes IV, but it is thought he may be depicted as a young ruler wearing the Pharaonic crown on the reverse of some of the contemporary coinage of satrap Mazaios in Cilicia, while his father Artaxerxes III appears seated, also in Pharaonic dress, on the obverse.[1]
References
Bibliography
Ancient works
- Arrian, The Anabasis of Alexander.
- Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica.
- Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus.
Modern works
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-hou Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-end
Шаблон:Median and Achaemenid kings Шаблон:Achaemenid rulers Шаблон:Pharaohs Шаблон:Authority control
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