Английская Википедия:Arsinide
Шаблон:Confuse Шаблон:Chembox An arsinide, arsanide, dihydridoarsenate(1−) or arsanyl compound is a chemical derivative of arsine, where one hydrogen atom is replaced with a metal or cation. The arsinide ion has formula Шаблон:Chem2. It can be considered as a ligand with name Шаблон:Not a typo or arsanido. Researchers are unenthusiastic about studying arsanyl compounds, because of the toxic chemicals, and their instability.[1] The IUPAC names are arsanide and dihydridoarsenate(1−). For the ligand the name is arsanido. The neutral Шаблон:Chem2 group is termed arsanyl.
Formation
Alkali metal arsinides can form by bubbling arsine through a liquid ammonia solution of alkali metal such as sodium, potassium or alkaline earth metal such as calcium.[2]
Arsinides are also formed when arsine reacts with thin layers of alkali metals.[3]
The arsine may reduce some compounds to metals, so for example an attempt to make an indium arsinide results in metallic indium.[1]
Reactions
When heated, metal hydrogen arsinide and metal dihydrogen arsinide compounds lose hydrogen to become a metal arsenide:
With lithium dihydrogen arsinide Шаблон:Chem2, it can also lose arsine Шаблон:Chem2 to become dilithium hydrogen arsinide Шаблон:Chem2:
These reactions take place even at room temperature, and result in a discolouration of the original chemical.[3]
Sodium dihydrogen arsinide Шаблон:Chem2 reacts with alkyl halides RX (where X = F, Cl, Br, I, and R is alkyl) to make dialkylarsine Шаблон:Chem2. Potassium dihydrogen arsinide Шаблон:Chem2 reacts with alkyl halides to make trialkylarsine Шаблон:Chem2.[4]
Sodium dihydrogen arsinide Шаблон:Chem2 reacts with diethyl carbonate Шаблон:Chem2 to yield the 2-arsaethynolate Шаблон:Chem2 ion, (analogous with cyanate Шаблон:Chem2 ion) which can be crystallised with the sodium ion Шаблон:Chem2 and 18-crown-6.[5]
Arsinides react with water to yield arsine Шаблон:Chem2:
Potassium dihydrogen arsinide Шаблон:Chem2 reacts with halobenzenes Шаблон:Chem2, where X = Cl, Br, I (chlorobenzene Шаблон:Chem2, bromobenzene Шаблон:Chem2, iodobenzene Шаблон:Chem2) to produce benzene Шаблон:Chem2, tetraphenyldiarsine Шаблон:Chem2 and triphenylarsine Шаблон:Chem2.[7]
Potassium dihydrogen arsinide Шаблон:Chem2 reacts with a silyl halide, e.g. chlorosilane [[Chlorosilane|Шаблон:Chem2]], producing trisilylarsine.[8]
Potassium dihydrogen arsinide Шаблон:Chem2 reacts with Шаблон:Chem2 and a crown ether resulting in Шаблон:Chem2.[9]
List
| Formula | Name | Crystal system | Space group | Unit cell (Å) | Volume | Density | Comment | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Chem2 | Lithium arsanide | [3] | ||||||
| Шаблон:Chem2 | Dilithium arsanide | decomposition at 0°C | [3] | |||||
| Шаблон:Chem2 | [3] | |||||||
| Шаблон:Chem2 | [3] | |||||||
| Шаблон:Chem2 | Sodium arsanide | white; decomposition at room temperature | [2] | |||||
| Шаблон:Chem2 | Disodium arsanide | [3] | ||||||
| Шаблон:Chem2 | [3] | |||||||
| Шаблон:Chem2 | [3] | |||||||
| Шаблон:Chem2 | Lithium tetraarsanidoaluminate | [1] | ||||||
| (Dipp2Nacnac)Al(AsH2)2 Dipp2Nacnac=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]2 | [1] | |||||||
| IDipp⋅AlH2AsH2 IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) | monoclinic | I2/a | colourless | [10] | ||||
| IDipp⋅AlH(AsH2)2 | monoclinic | I2/a | a 18.3591 b 9.0485 c 34.4864 β 91.580° | [10] | ||||
| Шаблон:Chem2 | Potassium arsanide | stable to 80°C; decomposition at 90°C | [2] | |||||
| Шаблон:Chem2 | Calcium arsanide | [2] | ||||||
| (Dipp2Nacnac)Ga(AsH2)2 | [1] | |||||||
| IDipp⋅GaH2AsH2 | monoclinic | I2/a | colourless | [10] | ||||
| IDipp⋅GaH(AsH2)2 | monoclinic | I2/a | a 18.465 b 9.1493 c 34.661 β 91.509° | [10] | ||||
| Th(TrenTRIPS)AsH2 | Th-As 3.065 Å | [11] | ||||||
| U(TrenTRIPS)AsH2 | U-As 3.004 Å | [11] |
Related
The hydrogen atoms in the arsinide anion may be substituted by organic or other groups which can then also produce ions, for example by methyl Шаблон:Chem2, like in potassium methyl arsinide (Шаблон:Chem2),[12] or by trimethylsilyl Шаблон:Chem2.[1] The doubly bonded ligand =AsH (or Шаблон:Chem2) is called arsinidene.[11]
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite thesis
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
