Английская Википедия:Artemisia ludoviciana
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Artemisia ludoviciana is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, known by several common names, including silver wormwood, western mugwort, Louisiana wormwood, white sagebrush, lobed cud-weed, prairie sage, and gray sagewort.[1][2][3][4]
Ludoviciana is the Latinized version of the word Louisiana.[5]
Description
Artemisia ludoviciana is a rhizomatous perennial growing to heights of Шаблон:Convert. The stems bear linear leaves up to 11 cm long. The stems and foliage are covered in woolly gray or white hairs. The top of the stem is occupied by a narrow inflorescence of many nodding (hanging) flower heads. Each small head is a cup of hairy phyllaries surrounding a center of yellowish disc florets and is about 0.5 cm wide. The fruit is a minute achene. Flowers bloom July to October.[6]
Distribution and habitat
The plant is native to North America where it is widespread across most of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.[1][2][7][8] Some botanists suggest that eastern United States populations have been introduced from the western and central part of the continent.[9] Its habitats include dry slopes, canyons, open pine woods, and dry prairies.[6]
Subspecies
Subspecies include:[10][2][11]
- A. l. subsp. albula (Wooton) D.D.Keck—deserts from California and Colorado to Chihuahua, Sonora, Baja California
- A. l. subsp. candicans (Rydb.) D.D.Keck—Rocky Mountains and Cascade Range from Alberta, British Columbia to California, Colorado
- A. l. subsp. incompta (Nutt.) D.D.Keck—mountains from Alberta, British Columbia, to Mexico
- A. l. subsp. ludoviciana—western and central United States and western Canada
- A. l. subsp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) D.D.Keck— Mexico as far south as Puebla; United States as far north as Colorado and Missouri
- A. l. subsp. redolens (A.Gray) D.D.Keck—Durango, Chihuahua, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas
- A. l. subsp. sulcata (Rydb.) D.D.Keck—Chihuahua, Sonora, Arizona
Uses
Indigenous usage
Indigenous tribes across the continent use the species as a medicinal plant, a source of fiber for crafting household items, and for ceremonial purposes.[12] The Dakota people use this plant in smudging rituals to protect against maleficent spirits. The Apache, Chiricahua and Mescalero use it for spices,[13] while Blackfoot tribe use it as a drug for dermatological use.[14] The Cree and Blackfoot tribes use it in sweat lodges and the sun dance.[4] Gros Ventre also use it for skin curing and as medicine against cold, because it is also antipyretic.[15] The Meskwaki and Potawatomi use a tea made from this species as a treatment for sore throat and tonsillitis.[3]
Cultivation
A. ludoviciana is cultivated as an ornamental plant.[16] Being rhizomatous, it can spread aggressively in some climates and gardens. It grows in dry to medium moisture and well-drained soil. It requires full sun.[5]
Popular cultivars include 'Valerie Finnis' and 'Silver Queen'. Both are hardy to USDA zone 4. 'Valerie Finnis' has held the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit since 1993.[17]
References
External links
- Calflora Database: Artemisia ludoviciana (Mugwort, Silver wormwood)
- Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Artemisia ludoviciana
- Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 National Plant Germplasm System−GRIN.gov: Artemisia ludoviciana Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 527 Silver wormwood, white or silver sage Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 143. 1818.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Berendsohn, W.G. & A.E. Araniva de González. 1989. Listado básico de la Flora Salvadorensis: Dicotyledonae, Sympetalae (pro parte): Labiatae, Bignoniaceae, Acanthaceae, Pedaliaceae, Martyniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Compositae. Cuscatlania 1(3): 290–1–290–13
- ↑ Turner, B. L. 1996. The Comps of Mexico: A systematic account of the family Asteraceae, vol. 6. Tageteae and Athemideae. Phytologia Memoirs 10: i–ii, 1–22, 43–93
- ↑ Biota of North America Program: county distribution map Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокbне указан текст - ↑ Keck, David Daniels 1946. A revision of the Artemisia vulgaris complex in North America. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 25(17): 421-468 descriptions, line drawings, range maps of several species
- ↑ University of Michigan @ Dearborn, Native American Ethnobotany of Artemisia ludoviciana Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Las Pilitas Horticulture Database: Artemisia ludoviciana (White Sagebrush) Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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