Английская Википедия:Arthur Löwenstamm
Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Jewish leader Arthur Löwenstamm (also spelt Loewenstamm) (20 December 1882– 22 April 1965) was a Jewish theologian, writer and rabbi in Berlin and in London, where he came in 1939 as a refugee from Nazi Germany.
He was the last rabbi of the Jewish community of Spandau, Germany, which comprised 600 members in 1933.[1]
Early life and education
Arthur Löwenstamm was born on 20 December 1882 in Ratibor, Upper Silesia,[2] German Empire, which is now Racibórz in southern Poland. His parents were Natan Löwenstamm (1856–1937), a shopkeeper, and his wife Johanna Zweig (1851–1936).[3] He was the eldest in the family and had a brother, Kurt (1883–1965, whose son Heinz A. Lowenstam became a noted paleoecologist and great-granddaughter Lisa Goldstein also became a rabbi), a sister, Gertrud, and another brother, Ernest (1887–1888).
Löwenstamm attended the Royal Gymnasium in Beuthen (now Bytom), Upper Silesia, from 1893 to 1902.[4] He studied philosophy at the University of Wrocław and completed his university studies, obtaining a doctorate, in Erlangen, Bavaria in 1905.[4] He studied theology and trained for the rabbinate at the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau[5] (now Wrocław in western Poland).
Career
After passing his rabbinical examinations in 1910,[3] Löwenstamm served as rabbi (from 1911 to 1917) with the Jewish community in Pless (now Pszczyna) in Upper Silesia.[3] On 6 December 1916 he was appointed as Spandau Synagogue's first permanent rabbi. Löwenstamm took up his duties on 1 April 1917 and continued until the autumn of 1938. In this role he also gave religious instruction at Spandau's Kant-Gymnasium. He was a member of the Union of Liberal Rabbis in Germany.
On 9 November 1938 (Kristallnacht) the synagogue, on Lindenufer in Spandau's Old Town, was set on fire.[6][nb 1] Löwenstamm was tortured, imprisoned and deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp,[7] from which he was eventually released. After his release from Sachsenhausen, he and his wife found refuge in the United Kingdom in February 1939[8][9] but he was interned for several weeks as an "enemy alien".[10]
After the Second World War, Löwenstamm gave private lessons to several students, including Jakob Josef Petuchowski[11] and Hugo Gryn.[12] From May 1945, he was Research Director at the Society for Jewish Studies[2] and a member of the Association of Rabbis from Germany to London.
Personal life
In Breslau in 1911, he married Gertrud Modlinger (born 14 February 1887 in Gleiwitz, died 3 January 1952 in Richmond, Surrey),[2][3] the daughter of Markus Modlinger and his wife Recha (née Freund). They had two daughters, Erika who moved to London in 1936 and Gerda who emigrated to Britain in 1938.[3][10] Their grandchildren and great-grandchildren live in the United Kingdom and in Israel.
Death and legacy
He died in Morris Feinmann House, Manchester[1] on 22 April 1965 and was buried at Hoop Lane Jewish Cemetery in Golders Green, London. His archives were donated to the Leo Baeck Institute New York[10][13] and to the Wiener Library in London.
At the initiative of the Spandau Borough Council, a memorial tablet was unveiled in 1988 on the site of the former synagogue.[14]Шаблон:Better source needed A memorial plaque was placed on the pavement in front of Löwenstamm's former home at Feldstraße 11, in Spandau, on 9 November 2005.[15]
On 15 August 2002 a street in Spandau was named Löwenstammstraße ("Löwenstamm Street").[16]
Publications
Löwenstamm was a Biblical scholar, specialising in Samaritan and Karaite literature.[12] He wrote commentaries on Dutch philosopher and jurist Hugo Grotius and the German philosopher Hermann Lotze:
- Шаблон:Cite book Republished by Nabu Press: Charleston, South Carolina, 2010; paperback, 60 pages.
- "Hugo Grotius' Stellung zum Judentum (Hugo Grotius's attitude toward Judaism)" in Festschrift zum 75-jährigen Bestehen des jüdisch-theologischen Seminars Fraenkelscher Stiftung, Vol. II. Verlag M. & H. Marcus: Breslau, 1929; pp. 295–302, Шаблон:ASIN
- "Jüdischer Lebinsstil", Gemeindeblatt für die jüdischen Gemeinden Preussens: Verwaltungsblatt der Preussischen Landesverbandes jüdischer Gemeinden, 1 November 1934 (cited on p. 229 in Rebecca Rovit: The Jewish Kulturbund Theatre Company in Nazi Berlin), University of Iowa Press, 2012. Шаблон:ISBN
- "The Society for Jewish Studies" in Festschrift zum 80. Geburtstag von Rabbiner Dr. Leo Baeck am 23. Mai 1953, London: Council for the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Jews from Germany, 1953; pp. 98–106.[17]
He also co-wrote a history commemorating 50 years of B'nai B'rith in Germany:[18]
- Alfred Goldschmidt, Arthur Löwenstamm and Paul Rosenfeld: Zum 50 jährigen bestehen des Ordens Bne Briss in Deutschland: UOBB. Frankfurt am Main: Kauffmann, 1933. Шаблон:OCLC
Further reading
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
- Correspondence between Löwenstamm and the lawyer and historian Franz Kobler in the Franz Kobler Collection 1909–1965
- Шаблон:Cite web
Шаблон:Reform Judaism in the United Kingdom
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite thesis
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Hans Herman Henrix, "Jakob J Petuchowski (1925–1991): Rabbi, Scholar, Ecumenist" in: Albert Gerhards and Clemens Leonhard (editors), Jewish and Christian Liturgy and Worship: New Insights Into Its History and Interaction (2007), p. 8, Brill, Leiden; Boston, Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Arthur Löwenstamm, German Wikipedia. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite thesis
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
Ошибка цитирования Для существующих тегов <ref> группы «nb» не найдено соответствующего тега <references group="nb"/>
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- 1882 births
- 1965 deaths
- 20th-century German male writers
- 20th-century German rabbis
- 20th-century German theologians
- 20th-century Jewish biblical scholars
- 20th-century Jewish theologians
- Jewish British writers
- British Reform rabbis
- Burials at Golders Green Jewish Cemetery
- German Jewish theologians
- German Reform rabbis
- Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
- Jews and Judaism in Berlin
- Kristallnacht
- Monuments and memorials in Berlin
- People from Racibórz
- Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors
- Silesian Jews
- Spandau
- University of Wrocław alumni
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
- Страницы с ошибками в примечаниях
.JPG){kind=link}