Английская Википедия:Arung Palakka
Sultan Saaduddin Arung Palakka, or La Tenritatta to Unru' (1634 or 1635Шаблон:Snds1696) was a 17th-century Bugis prince and warrior.[1] He supported the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the Makassar War (1666–1669) against the Gowa Sultanate in his native South Sulawesi (today part of Indonesia). After the defeat of Gowa, he became the King of Bone and South Sulawesi's most powerful man.[2]
Biography
Arung Palakka was born in 1634Шаблон:Sfn or 1635Шаблон:Sfn in the village of Lamatta, Mario-ri Wawo, Soppeng.Шаблон:Sfn His father was LaШаблон:NbspPottobune Arung Tana Tenga, a minor lord in Soppeng, and his mother was Datu Mario-ri Wawo We Tenrisui, granddaughter of the first Muslim ruler of Bone.Шаблон:Sfn Soppeng and Bone were autonomous principalities in South Sulawesi under the hegemony of the Gowa Sultanate. As a child he was known as LaШаблон:NbspTenritatta, "He who cannot be struck".Шаблон:Sfn In the 1646 Battle of Passempe, Bone was defeated by the Gowa SultanateШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn and his family became hostages living in Gowa.Шаблон:Sfn The family served under the Chief Minister (Tuma'bicarra butta) of Gowa, Karaeng Pattingalloang, who liked Arung Palakka and gave him a proper upbringing as a prince.Шаблон:Sfn
Rise to power and reign
In 1660 Bone rose in rebellion against Gowa, and Palakka became one of its leaders, together with the Gowa-appointed regent of Bone, Tobala'.Шаблон:Sfn By August 1660 the army under Palakka's command grew to 10,000 men.Шаблон:Sfn The rebellion was ultimately crushed, and Palakka fled South Sulawesi.Шаблон:Sfn In 1663 he settled in Batavia, which was under control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC).Шаблон:Sfn Subsequently, he allied himself with the VOC in the Makassar War against Sultan Hasanuddin of Gowa.Шаблон:Sfn Palakka's participation was an essential part of the VOC's plan.Шаблон:Sfn His arrival prompted the Bugis of Bone and Soppeng to rise in rebellion against Gowa.Шаблон:Sfn While the VOC fleet, under Cornelis Speelman, fought the Gowa fleet, Palakka led a "difficult" land campaign in South Sulawesi.Шаблон:Sfn The war ended in the victory of the VOC and Palakka's Bugis forces.Шаблон:Sfn
Following the victory against Gowa, Palakka became the most powerful man in South Sulawesi until his death in 1696.Шаблон:Sfn In 1672 he was formally given the title of arung (king) of Bone, and Bone replaced Gowa as the supreme principality in South Sulawesi.Шаблон:Sfn He and the VOC arranged a division of power, with Palakka dominating internal affairs and the VOC dominating external affairs.Шаблон:Sfn During his reign, he ignored the pre-existing consultative system of government and instead governed with authoritarian rule supported by warriors loyal to him.Шаблон:Sfn He led a series of campaigns to ensure his domination in South Sulawesi.Шаблон:Sfn His value as a military ally and his personal ties with Speelman (later VOC Governor-General) ensured continued support from the VOC.Шаблон:Sfn
Trunajaya campaign
Шаблон:Main The defeat of Gowa and the subsequent Palakka–VOC rule prompted an outflow of people from South Sulawesi.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Notably, some of these refugees settled in Java and joined forces with the Madurese prince Trunajaya in the Trunajaya rebellion against the Mataram Sultanate.Шаблон:Sfn The rebellion almost caused Mataram's collapse until the VOC intervened on behalf of Mataram.Шаблон:Sfn Arung Palakka aided his VOC allies and led a Bugis army in suppressing the rebellion.Шаблон:Sfn
Legacy
Indonesians today, especially those from Makassar, view the Makassar War and Arung Palakka's role in it with bitterness.Шаблон:Sfn Palakka is seen as a traitor who allied himself with the colonialist VOC to conquer the Gowa Sultanate, his fellow Indonesians, and a truly Indonesian polity.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ "Bone", Royal Ark, diakses 17 Februari 2007
