Английская Википедия:Arup Group
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Undisclosed paid Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox company
Arup (officially Arup Group Limited) is a British multinational professional services firm headquartered in London that provides design, engineering, architecture, planning, and advisory services across every aspect of the built environment. It employs about 17,000 people in over 90 offices across 35 countries,[1] and has participated in projects in over 160 countries.[2][3]
Arup was established in 1946 by Sir Ove Arup as Ove N. Arup Consulting Engineers. Through its involvement in high-profile projects such as the Sydney Opera House, it became well known for undertaking complex and challenging projects.[4] In 1970, Arup stepped down from actively leading the company, setting out the principles which have continued to guide its operation.[4]
Arup's ownership is structured as a trust[5] whose beneficiaries are its employees, past and present, who receive a share of its operating profit each year.[6][7]
History
Founding the firm
The company was founded in London in 1946 as Ove N. Arup Consulting Engineers by Sir Ove Arup. Arup had established himself in the 1930s as an expert in reinforced concrete, known for projects such as the Penguin Pool at London Zoo.[8] According to the architectural author Ian Volner, Arup's vision when establishing the company came out of a combination of his wartime experiences and a progressive-minded philosophy broadly aligning with early modernism, was for the organisation to be a force for peace and social betterment in the postwar world.[4] To this end, it would employ professionals of diverse disciplines that could work together to produce projects of greater quality than was achievable by them working in isolation, a concept known as 'Total Design'.[4][9][10]
Early years
As the company grew, Arup spurned the common practice amongst its rivals of acquiring other companies; instead, it pursued natural growth, opening up new offices at locations where the potential for work had been identified.[4]
During 1963, together with the architect Philip Dowson, a new division of the company, Arup Associates, was formed.[11]
Within 25 years of its establishment, the firm had become well known for its design work for the built environment,[12][13] acquiring a reputation for its competence at undertaking projects that were structurally and/or logistically complex.[4] Arup himself worked on multiple projects during the firm's early years, including the Sydney Opera House, where he was lead engineer, and which author Peter Jones credited with launching Arup into the premier league of engineering consultancies.[14][15] The Opera House was the first application of computer calculations to an engineering project, using the Ferranti Pegasus computer to generate models.[16]
During Arup's lifetime, the company would also work on high-profile projects such as the 'inside-out' Centre Pompidou with Rogers & Piano, and the HSBC headquarters with Norman Foster & Partners.[17][18]
The Key Speech
1970 was a particularly transformative year for the firm; 24 years after founding the company, Arup opted to retire from actively leading the company. At the time, the firm (then Ove Arup & Partners) was made up of several independent practices spread across the globe, so prior to his departure, Arup delivered his 'Key Speech' on 9 July in Winchester to all his partners from the various practices.[19] The speech set out the aims of the firm and identified the principles of governance by which they might be achieved. These included quality of work, total architecture, humane organisation, straight and honorable dealings, social usefulness, and the reasonable prosperity of its members.[4]
Arup's philosophy work on influential projects was the subject of a dedicated retrospective at the V&A Museum in 2016.[20]
Operations
Arup is an employee-owned business, with all staff owning a stake in the company and part of a global profit share.[21]
By 2013, Arup was operating 90 offices across 60 countries around the world.[4] These offices are elaborately interconnected by shared internet-based collaborative working packages and communication systems that can, where required, enable a single project to be worked on by multiple offices across a seamless, 24-hour working cycle. However, it is more common for individual offices to specialise in working on an assigned subsection of a project rather than continuously exchanging.[4]
The BBC Television and RIBA documentary The Brits who Built the Modern World highlighted Arup's collaboration with architects and described Arup as "the engineering firm which Lord Norman Foster and his peers Lord Richard Rogers, Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, Sir Michael Hopkins and Sir Terry Farrell most frequently relied upon."[22]
The firm has published an annual sustainability report since 2008, and is involved in several projects around the world aiming to cut greenhouse gas emissions,[23] such as Dongtan Eco-City, which is planned to be zero waste,[24] and the High Speed 2 Interchange Station, which is the first railway station in the world to achieve BREEAM 'outstanding certification.[25]
Arup also runs community engagement programmes comprising initiatives to combat homelessness,[26] improve sanitation in disaster relief programmes,[27] and disaster recovery after earthquakes.[28] They also engage in partnerships with governments, NGOs, think tanks, and other advocacy groups.[29][30]
Notable projects
Africa
- Eastgate Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe (1996)
- Letsibogo Dam, Botswana (design and geotechnics, 1997)
- Constitutional Court, Johannesburg, South Africa (multidisciplinary engineers and project manager, 2004, architect: OMM)
- Scottish Livingstone Hospital, Molepolole, Botswana (design and construction supervision, 2007)
- Gautrain Rapid Rail Link Johannesburg to Pretoria, Sandton to OR Tambo International Airport, South Africa (concept studies and independent certification, 2010)
North America
- Apple Park is the corporate headquarters of Apple Inc, Cupertino, California, United States.
- Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, Los Angeles, US (mechanical and electrical engineers, 2002, architect: Rafael Moneo)
- De Young Museum, San Francisco, US (mechanical and electrical engineers, 2005, architects: Herzog & de Meuron)
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, US (structural and services engineers, 2008, architect: Renzo Piano)
- New Tappan Zee Bridge (Hudson River), New York City (concept studies, 2009)
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Headquarters, Seattle, WA, US (structural and services engineers, 2011, architects: NBBJ)
- Fulton Center, New York City, US (structural engineers, 2014, HDR Daniel Frankfurt/Page Ayres Cowley Architects/Grimshaw Architects/Lee Harris Pomeroy Architects)
- High Roller, Las Vegas, NV, US (structural and electrical engineering, 2014, architects: The Hettema Group and Klai Juba Architects)[31]
- Gerald Desmond Bridge Design-Build Project, Long Beach, California (civil, structural, geotechnical design services, ongoing)
- Second Avenue Subway, New York City, US (tunnel engineering, ongoing)
- Lake Mead Intake No. 3, Nevada, US (tunnel engineering)
- Champlain Bridge, Montreal , Qc, Canada (bridge design)
- Little Island, New York , New York City, US
Asia
- Druk White Lotus School was built to survive the Ladakhi weather.
- Kingdom Centre, The third tallest skyscraper in Saudi Arabia, and the second tallest in Riyadh and an icon of it.
- HSBC Building (Hong Kong) (civil and structural engineers, 1985, architects: Foster + Partners)
- Kansai International Airport, Osaka, Japan (structural and services engineers, 1994, architect: Renzo Piano)
- Vattanac Capital Phnom Penh, Cambodia (structural engineers, 2014, architect: Farrells)
- Petron Megaplaza, Makati, Philippines (structural engineers, 1998, architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill)
- International Finance Centre, Hong Kong (structural and geotechnical engineers, 2003, Rocco Design Architects)
- National Aquatics Centre (Water Cube), Beijing, China (design and structural engineers, 2008, architects: PTW Architects/CSCEC/CCDI)
- Beijing National Stadium (the "Bird's Nest"), Beijing, China (structural engineers, 2008, architects: Herzog & de Meuron/China Architectural Design & Research Group/Ai Weiwei)
- CCTV Headquarters, Beijing, China (structural engineers, 2008, architects: Rem Koolhaas and Ole Scheeren/OMA)
- Fusionopolis, Singapore (structural and specialist engineers, 2008, architects: Kisho Kurokawa)
- Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Delhi, India (full engineering services, 2008, architect: Integrated Design Associates)
- Singapore Flyer, Singapore (structural engineers, 2008, architects: Kisho Kurokawa/DP)
- Stonecutters Bridge, Hong Kong (bridge engineers, 2009, architect: Dissing+Weitling)
- Dongtan, Shanghai, China (design and masterplan, 2010, main designer: Thomas V. Harwood III)
- Canton Tower, Guangzhou, China (structural engineers, 2010, architects: Mark Hemel/Barbara Kuit/IBA)
- King Power MahaNakhon, Bangkok, Thailand (structural engineers 2016, architects: Ole Scheeren)
- Marina Bay Sands Integrated Resort, Singapore (structural and specialist engineers, 2010, architects: Moshe Safdie/Aedas)
- The Helix, Singapore (structural, civil, maritime, mechanical, electrical engineers, lighting designers 2010, architects: Cox Architects/architects61)
- Singapore Sports Hub, Singapore (structural and specialist engineers, 2010, architects: Arup Associates (Arup Sport)/DP Architects)
- King Abdullah Sports City (The Jewel), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (structural and services engineers, 2014, architect: Arup Associates (Arup Sport))
- Capitol Development, Singapore (structural, civil, mechanical, electrical, facade, fire engineers, sustainability and vertical transportation consultants 2015, architects: Richard Meier & Partners/architects61)
- Tanjong Pagar Centre, Singapore (structural and facade engineers, sustainability consultants 2016, architects: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill)
- Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport, Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport, Terminal 3, Taiwan (expected to be opened in 2020)
- Aldar Headquarters building, Abu Dhabi, rounded skyscraper (2009)
- King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, a non-profit institution for independent research into global energy economics located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[32]
Australia
- Sydney Opera House, Sydney (structural engineers, 1973, architect: Jørn Utzon)
- Melbourne Museum, Melbourne (civil and structural engineers, 2000, architects: Denton Corker Marshall)
- Swan Bells, Perth, (structural engineers, 2000, architects: Hames Sharley)
- Goodwill Bridge, Brisbane, (bridge design, 2001, architects: Cox Rayner)
- National Museum of Australia, Canberra, (structural engineers, 2001, architects: Howard Raggatt)
- Lang Park redevelopment, Brisbane, (masterplanning, civil and structural engineers, 2003, architects: Populous/PDT)
- National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, (structural engineers, 2003, architects: Mario Bellini)
- State Library of Victoria, Melbourne, (structural engineers, 2004, architects: Ancher Mortlock & Woolley)
- Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne, (civil and structural engineers, 2005, architects: MCG5)
- Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, (specialist engineering, 2007)
- Kurilpa Bridge, Brisbane (bridge design, 2009, architects: Cox Rayner)
- Melbourne Recital Centre & Melbourne Theatre Company Theatre, Melbourne, (acoustic and theatre engineers, 2009, architects: Ashton Raggat McDougall)
- Andrew "Boy" Charlton Pool, Sydney, (structural and services engineering, 2011, architects: Lippmann Associates)
- Melbourne Star, Melbourne, (structural engineering, 2013)
- Perth Stadium, Perth, (civil and structural engineering, 2017, architects: Hassell, HKS, Cox)
Europe
- Light House, London, UK (environmental and structural engineering)
- Coventry Cathedral, UK (structural engineers, 1962, architect: Sir Basil Spence)
- Kingsgate Bridge, Durham, UK (engineering design, 1966)
- Preston bus station, Lancashire, UK (structural engineering, 1969)
- Greyfriars bus station, Northampton, UK (engineering design, 1976)
- Pompidou Centre, Paris, France (structural and service engineers, 1977, architects: Renzo Piano & Richard Rogers)
- The Barbican Centre, London, UK (civil and structural engineers, 1982, architects: Chamberlin, Powell and Bon)
- Lloyds Building, London, UK (building engineers and project planners, 1986, architect: Richard Rogers)
- Angel of the North, Gateshead, UK (advanced structural research, 1998, designer: Antony Gormley)
- London Eye, London, UK (structural engineers, 2000, architect: Marks Barfield)[33]
- Millennium Bridge, London, UK (bridge engineering, 2000, architects: Foster + Partners and Sir Anthony Caro)
- Øresund Bridge, Denmark / Sweden (planning and bridge engineering, 2000, architects: Dissing+Weitling)
- Sony Center, Berlin, Germany (structural and environmental engineers, 2000, architect: Helmut Jahn)
- HSBC Tower, London, UK (structural engineers, 2002, architects: Foster + Partners)
- City of Manchester Stadium, Manchester, England, UK (Arup Associates architects, 2002)
- Selfridges, Birmingham, UK (structural engineers, 2003, architect: Future Systems)
- 30 St Mary Axe ("The Gherkin"), London, UK (structural engineers, 2004, architect: Foster + Parners)
- Scottish Parliament Building, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (structural, civil, façade, geotechnical, blast and landscaping engineers, 2004, architect: Enric Miralles)
- Allianz Arena, Munich, Germany (structural engineers, 2005, architects: Herzog & de Meuron)
- Arnolfini refurbishment, Bristol, England, UK (structural, mechanical and electrical engineers, 2005, architects: Snell Associates)
- Casa da Música, Porto, Portugal (building engineers, 2005: architects: Rem Koolhaas/OMA)
- Restoration programme of Brunel's SS Great Britain, Bristol, England, UK (civil and structural engineers, 2005, architect: Alex French Partnership)
- Kanyon Shopping Mall, Istanbul, Turkey (structural engineers, 2006, architect: Tabanlıoğlu Architects)
- Nescio Bridge, Amsterdam, Netherlands (structural engineers, 2006, architect: Wilkinson Eyre)
- High Speed 1, UK (rail engineering, 2007)
- Terminal 5 at Heathrow Airport, England, UK (civil engineers, 2008, architect: Richard Rogers)
- Ahmed Adnan Saygun Arts Center, İzmir, Turkey (acoustic consulting, 2008, architect: Tozkoparan Architecture)[34]
- Snowdon Summit Building, Wales, UK (structural engineers, 2009, Ray Hole Architects)
- Donbass Arena, Ukraine (structural engineers, 2009)
- Grand Canal Theatre, Dublin, Ireland (acoustic, theatre technical, structural and building services engineers, 2010, architect: Daniel Libeskind)
- London Aquatics Centre, London, UK (structural and services engineers, 2012, architect: Zaha Hadid)
- The Shard, London, UK (services engineers, 2013, architect: Renzo Piano)
- Sky Studios, London, UK (Arup Associates architects, 2013)
- Nou Mestalla Stadium, Valencia, Spain (structural engineers, ongoing, architects: Reid Fenwick Asociados)
- Seat of the European Central Bank, Frankfurt, Germany (building services engineers, ongoing, architect: Coop Himmelb(l)au)
- Lakhta Center, Saint Peterburg, Russia (verification calculation for the underground part, foundation pile base and the superstructure, ongoing, architect: Tony Kettle, RMJM)
Sports
Arup had its own sports division, specialising in designing, consulting and structural engineering for sporting facilities such as stadia.[35] Many of Arup's modern stadia are designed with a contemporary, distinctive edge and the company strives to revolutionise stadium architecture and performance.[35] For instance, the Bird's Nest Stadium for the 2008 Olympics was complimented for its striking architectural appearance[36] and the City of Manchester Stadium for the 2002 Commonwealth Games has stairless entry to the upper tiers through circular ramps outside the stadium.[35] The most notable stadium projects led by Arup remain the City of Manchester Stadium (2002), Allianz Arena (2005), Beijing National Stadium (2008), Donbass Arena (2009) and the Singapore Sports Hub (2014).
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The City of Manchester Stadium built for 2002 Commonwealth Games and now home of Manchester City F.C.
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Allianz Arena in Germany, home of FC Bayern Munich
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The 'Bird's Nest or Beijing National Stadium, for 2008 Summer Olympics, Beijing and national stadium of China
Awards
Awards to group
The firm is consistently placed amongst top performers in Corporate and Social Responsibility rankings such as the ACCSR.[37]
Arup's multidisciplinary sports venue design and engineering scope on the Singapore Sports Hub won the 2013 World Architecture Festival Award in the Future Projects, Leisure Category.[38]
The Casa da Música, Oporto, designed by Arup and Office for Metropolitan Architecture was nominated for the 2007 Stirling Prize.[39]
Arup's work with The Druk White Lotus School, Ladakh, won them Large Consultancy Firm of the Year 2003 at the British Consultants and Construction Bureau – International Expertise Awards, 2003 building on their triple win at the 2002 World Architecture Awards.[40]
Arup was awarded the Worldaware Award for Innovation for its Vawtex air system in Harare International School.[41]
Arup won the Gold Medal for Architecture at the National Eisteddfod of Wales of 1998 for their work on the Control Techniques Research and Development HQ, in Newtown, Powys.[42]
Arup Fire has won the Fire Safety Engineering Design award four times since its creation in 2001.[43] The 2001 inaugural award was won for Arup's contribution to the Eden Project in Cornwall, UK, the world's largest greenhouse. In 2004, the design for London's City Hall was appointed joint winner. In 2005, the Temple Mills Eurostar Depot won. The 2006 winning entry was for Amethyst House, a nine-storey building with an atrium from the ground to the top, in Manchester, UK.[44]
Arup was Royal Town Planning Institute Consultancy of the year in 2008.[45]
Arup was awarded the 2010 Live Design Excellence Award for Theatre Design for the integrated theatre and acoustic team's design for the new Jerome Robbins Theatre, created for Mikhail Baryshnikov and The Wooster Group.[46]
The Evelyn Grace Academy, London designed by Zaha Hadid Architects and Arup won the RIBA Stirling Prize in 2011.[47]
Arup was named Tunnel Design Firm of the Year at the 2012 ITA AITES International Tunnelling Awards.[48]
Arup was awarded Infrastructure Architect of the Year at the 2020 Architect of the Year Awards.[49]
Arup was awarded Britains Most Admired Company 2021 by Management Today[50]
Awards to Arup employees
Barbara Lane, associate director with Arup, won the Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal in 2008[51] for her outstanding contribution to British engineering on design of structures for fire.
Fellows
Arup Fellow is a lifelong honorary title awarded to selected honorary individuals in the firm. It acknowledges the highest design and technical achievements of people, not only within the firm, but also in the industry as a whole. They are considered role models who possess world-class expertise who put theory into effective practice.
The current fellows, as of November 2019, are:[52] Шаблон:Columns-list
Notable alumni and current staff
- Sir Ove Nyquist Arup (1895–1988), structural engineer and philosopher, founder of the company, recipient of the RIBA Royal Gold Medal for Architecture 1966, Institution of Structural Engineers Gold Medal 1973.[53]
- Peter Dunican (1918–1989), structural engineer, first chairman of Ove Arup Partnership (1977–1984), and President of the Institution of Structural Engineers in 1977 and 1978.
- Sir Jack Zunz (1923–2018), civil engineer, and principal structural designer of the Sydney Opera House, IStructE Gold Medal 1988.[54]
- Sir Philip Dowson (1924–2014), architect, founding partner of Arup Associates, Royal Gold Medal 1981, and President of the Royal Academy 1993–1999.[55]
- Povl Ahm (1926–2005), structural engineer, principal engineer for Coventry Cathedral, and chairman of Ove Arup & Partners 1984–1992.[56]
- Professor Sir Ted Happold (1930–1996), structural engineer, executive partner for the Pompidou Centre, and founder of Buro Happold in 1976.[57]
- Peter Rice (1935–1992), structural engineer, responsible for the roof geometry of the Sydney Opera House and the build project for the Pompidou Centre.
- Dr Edmund Hambly (1942–1995), structural engineer, and president of the Institution of Civil Engineers 1994–1995.
- Cecil Balmond (1943–), structural engineer, founder of Arup's Advanced Geometry Unit, lead designer for the Centre Pompidou-Metz, the CCTV tower in Beijing, the Ito-Balmond Serpentine Pavilion, and the ArcelorMittal Orbit.
- Steven Groák (1944–1998) head of research and development at Ove Arup Partnership from 1990 to 1998.
- Mike Glover (1946–), civil and structural engineer, technical director for the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, and recipient of IStructE Gold Medal 2008.
- Tony Fitzpatrick (1950–2003), structural engineer, and leader of the Millennium Bridge damping project.
- Sir Philip Dilley (1955–), civil engineer, Arup Group chairman 2009–2014, chairman of London First, chairman of the Infrastructure and Urban Development Community at the World Economic Forum.
- Professor Chris Wise (1956–), structural engineer, and later Professor of Creative Design at Imperial College. He was one of the founders of Expedition Engineering in 1999.
- Nille Juul-Sørensen (1958–), renown global product designer.
- Tristram Carfrae (1959–), IStructE Gold Medal 2014.
- Tim Jarvis (1966–), environmental scientist, author and explorer.
- Jo da Silva (1967–), IStructE Gold Medal 2017.
- Rogier van der Heide (1970–), lighting designer, and former leader of Arup's lighting consultancy, and later chief design officer at Philips Lighting.
Related companies
Companies under Arup Group
- Oasys Ltd, established in 1976 as the software house of Arup, providing engineering software for structural, geotechnical and pedestrian movement simulation/analysis software.
- Neuron Digital Group, established in 2022 with Venturous Group, providing digital solutions for building assets.
Several staff have left to form other companies, often with significant parallels with Arup.
- In 1976, Edmund Happold (engineer for the Pompidou Centre) and six other engineers left Arup to form Buro Happold in Bath.
- Mark Whitby left Buro Happold to form Whitby Bird.
- In 1999, Chris Wise (engineer for the Millennium Bridge) and Sean Walsh left Arup to form Expedition Engineering in London.
References
External links
Шаблон:Construction industry in the United Kingdom Шаблон:IStructE Supreme Award laureates Шаблон:Authority control
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