Английская Википедия:Arya metre
Шаблон:Short description Āryā meter is a meter used in Sanskrit, Prakrit and Marathi verses. A verse in Шаблон:Transl metre is in four metrical lines called pādas. Unlike the majority of meters employed in classical Sanskrit, the Шаблон:Transl meter is based on the number of Шаблон:Transls (morae) per [[pada (foot)|Шаблон:Transl]]. A short syllable counts for one Шаблон:Transl, and a long syllable (that is, one containing a long vowel, or a short vowel followed by two consonants) counts for two Шаблон:Transls. It is believed that Шаблон:Transl meter was taken from the gāthā meter of Prakrit.[1] Шаблон:Transl metre is common in Jain Prakrit texts and hence considered as favourite metre of early authors of Jainism. The earlier form of the Шаблон:Transl metre is called old Шаблон:Transl, which occurs in a some very early Prakrit and Pāli texts.[2]
Āryā
The basic Шаблон:Transl verse has 12, 18, 12 and 15 Шаблон:Transls in the first, second, third, and fourth pādas respectively. An example is the following from Kālidāsa's play Abhijñānaśākuntalam (c. 400 CE):
- – u u | – – | u u –
- u – u | – – | u – u | – – | –
- u u u u | u – u | – –
- – – | – – | u | – – | –
- "I do not consider skill in the representation of plays to be good (perfect) until (it causes) the satisfaction of the learned (audience); the mind of even those who are very well instructed has no confidence in itself."
Another example is from Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita's Vairāgya-śataka (17th century CE):
- – – | – u u | – –
- – – | – u u | u – u | – – | –
- – – | – u u | – –
- – – | – – | u | – u u | –
- "People who know morality, know the inner order of conduct, know the Vedas (sacred knowledge), know the Scriptures or know the Supreme Spirit Himself are plentiful; but rare are those who know about their own ignorance."
The metrical treatise Шаблон:Transl lays down several other conditions:
- Odd numbered Шаблон:Transl should not be Шаблон:Transl (u – u).
- The sixth Шаблон:Transl should be Шаблон:Transl.
Gīti
The Шаблон:Transl meter has 12, 18, 12 and 18 Шаблон:Transls in its four Шаблон:Transls respectively.
Шаблон:Transl lists several other conditions.
Upagīti
The Шаблон:Transl meter has 12, 15, 12 and 15 Шаблон:Transls in its four Шаблон:Transls respectively.
Шаблон:Transl lists several other conditions.
Udgīti
The Шаблон:Transl meter has 12, 15, 12 and 18 Шаблон:Transls in its four pādas respectively.
Шаблон:Transl lists several other conditions.
Āryāgīti
The Шаблон:Transl meter has 12, 20, 12 and 20 Шаблон:Transls in its four Шаблон:Transls respectively.
Шаблон:Transl lists several other conditions.
See also
References
External links
- Recitation of the above examples by Dr R. Ganesh
- Grammatical commentary on Kalidasa's verse
- Nilakaṇṭha Dīkṣita (Hindupedia article)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book p. 653
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
