Английская Википедия:Asef al-Dowleh
Шаблон:Infobox officeholder Allahyar Khan Devellu-Qajar Asef al-Dowleh was the prime minister of Qajar Iran under shah (king) Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (Шаблон:Reign) from 1824 to 1828.
Asef al-Dowleh was a hardline proponent of intensifying the Russo-Iranian War of 1826–1828, performed ineffectively on the battlefield, and was among the first to evacuate to the city of Tabriz. When the Russians captured Tabriz without an opposition, he was in charge of the men in the city's fortress. He was as a result placed under detention in his own house, and after being freed, Fath-Ali Shah ordered that he be publicly flogged for his "cowardly behavior". Asef al-Dowleh played a key role in inciting the population to oppose the Russian diplomat Alexander Griboyedov, which led to the slaughter of the Russian embassy staff in the Iranian capital of Tehran in 1829.
Biography
Asef al-Dowleh was the eldest son of Mohammad Khan Devellu-Qajar (also known as Rokn al-Dowleh),Шаблон:Sfn and belonged to the Devellu branch of the Qajar tribe,Шаблон:Sfn which had established their rule over Iran under Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (Шаблон:Reign).Шаблон:Sfn After Agha Mohammad Khan's murder in 1797, Asef al-Dowleh's father was crucial in ensuring that the capital of Tehran was secure in time for the arrival of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (Шаблон:Reign).Шаблон:Sfn
In 1824, Fath-Ali Shah appointed Asef al-Dowleh as his prime minister. Asef al-Dowleh was a hardline proponent of intensifying the Russo-Iranian War of 1826–1828, performed ineffectively on the battlefield, and was among the first to evacuate to the city of Tabriz. When the Russians captured Tabriz without an opposition, he was in charge of the men in the city's fortress. He was as a result placed under detention in his own house, and after being freed, Fath-Ali Shah ordered that he be publicly flogged for his "cowardly behavior".Шаблон:Sfn
In 1829, the distinguished Russian poet and author Alexander Griboyedov led a sizable Russian embassy to Tehran. There Griboyedov showed the condescending behaviour of a conqueror toward the Iranians when enforcing the conditions of the Treaty of Turkmenchay. Griboyedov ordered that the Georgian concubines who were held in the harems of the Qajars (including Asef al-Dowleh's) be released into his care. He had done this at the urging of an Armenian eunuch who was himself a prisoner from earlier Iranian expeditions into the Caucasus. Griboyedov dispatched his Armenian and Georgian assistants to deliver the Georgian concubines to the Russian embassy, relying on a clause in the Treaty of Turkmenchay that called for the trading of prisoners of war.Шаблон:Sfn
Such a transgression of the law and Shia religious practices was viewed as having significant symbolic significance. Asef al-Dowleh asked for the help of the local Islamic scholar Mirza Masih Tehrani, who as a result urged the citizens of the capital to rise up, rescue the concubines, who had probably now converted to Islam, and bring them back to their Muslim homes. Three protesters lost their lives in the ensuing fights with the Russian security forces. Mirza Masih Tehrani then issued a fatwa, which led to the slaughter of Griboyedov and all but one of the seventy-person personnel of the Russian embassy by an enraged crowd.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
- Английская Википедия
- Year of birth unknown
- Year of death unknown
- Prime Ministers of Iran
- 18th-century Iranian people
- People of the Russo-Persian Wars
- Politics of Qajar Iran
- 19th-century Iranian politicians
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- Википедия
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