Английская Википедия:Asemonea murphyae
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Asemonea murphyae is a species of jumping spider in the genus Asemonea that lives in Kenya and South Africa. First defined in 1980 by Fred Wanless, the spider is named after the British arachnologist Frances M. Murphy. Asemonea murphyae thrives in a wide range of environments, particularly by the side of rivers, streams and tracks. A small spider, with a carapace that is between Шаблон:Convert long and an abdomen between Шаблон:Convert long, it is generally yellow with a green tint that enables it to blend into its environment. The female is smaller than the male. The species can be distinguished from other spiders in the same genus by the design of the female's epigyne and the male pedipalp, particularly the male's forked spike on the palpal tibia.
Taxonomy
Asemonea murphyae is a jumping spider that was first described by the British arachnologist Fred Wanless in 1980.[1] Wanless originally He allocated the species to the genus Asemonea, first raised by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1869. The genus is related to Lyssomanes.Шаблон:Sfn Molecular analysis demonstrates that the genus is similar to Goleba and Pandisus.Шаблон:Sfn In Wayne Maddison's 2015 study of spider phylogenetic classification, the genus Asemonea was the type genus for the subfamily Asemoneinae, split from Lyssomaninae.Шаблон:Sfn A year later, in 2016, Jerzy Prószyński named it as the type genus for the Asemoneines group of genera, which was also named after the genus.Шаблон:Sfn The spider is named after Frances M. Murphy, a leading member of the British Arachnological Society.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The species was originally named Asemonea murphyi but was renamed by Wanda Wesołowska and Charles Haddad in 2001.Шаблон:Sfn
Description
Asemonea murphyae is small with a typical total length of between Шаблон:Convert. The male has a pear-shaped carapace that is between Шаблон:Convert long and between Шаблон:Convert wide. It is yellow-orange or yellow-brown with a lighter whitish or whitish-yellow eye field. The eyes are mounted on tubercles and in the majority cases surrounded by black markings and a fringe of white hair. The clypeus is pale yellow. The chelicerae are whitish with two teeth to the front and five to the back. The labium and heart-shaped sternum are a shiny whitish-yellow. The abdomen is pale yellow and between Шаблон:Convert long and typically Шаблон:Convert. It has a faint dark pattern. The spinnerets are long, thin and pale yellow, apart from the very tips. The spider has long thin legs that are generally a pale yellow, ranging from whitish-yellow to yellow-brown. They have patches of black. The pedipalps are orange-brown with a then palpal femur and furrow on the top surface. It has a long thin apophysis, or spike, on the femur and an apophysis on the tibia that has a forked end.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
The female is similar to the male. It is slightly smaller, typically between Шаблон:Convert in total length with a carapace that is between Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert and an abdomen typically Шаблон:Convert long. The carapace is pale yellow, tending to whitish-yellow in the eye field. There are traces of black bands across the cephalothorax. The eyes are surrounded by black rings and creamy-white hairs, while the clypeus and labium are similar to the male. The chelicerae are a shiny yellow-brown. The abdomen is whitish-yellow with a pattern of scattered black spots and bars. It has pale yellow spinnerets and whitish-yellow to pale yellow-brown legs. The epigyne has a small depression in the centre. The copulatory openings lead to simple seminal ducts and large bulbous receptacles.Шаблон:Sfn
The spider is similar to other species in the genus. The species can be confused with the related Asemonea maculata, particularly as the pattern on its abdomen is alike.Шаблон:Sfn It can be distinguished from Asemonea fimbriata by the lack of hairs on the legs, but can be most easily differentiated from other species by its copulatory organs. The male's forked tibial apophysis is particularly distinctive.Шаблон:Sfn The female is similar to Asamonea ornatissima, differing in the internal structure of the epigyne.Шаблон:Sfn Despite their very different species distribution, the male resembles both Asemonea pinangensis and Asemonea tanikawai, but differs in the form of its pedipalp.Шаблон:Sfn
Behaviour
Like other Asemonea spiders, Asemonea murphyae rarely jumps. Instead, the spider will generally walk and run. It spins sheet webs on the underside of leaves, where the female will also lay its eggs. The eggs are generally placed close together.Шаблон:Sfn The spider is predominantly a diurnal hunter that uses its good eyesight to spot its prey.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn it preys on a range of insects, but rarely flies and then only when they are caught in its web.Шаблон:Sfn The spider is also likely to eat nectar if it is available.Шаблон:Sfn It uses visual displays during courtship and transmits vibratory signals through silk to communicate to other spiders.Шаблон:Sfn Unlike other jumping spiders, Asemonea murphyae moult in the open.Шаблон:Sfn
Distribution and habitat
Asemonea murphyae is lives in Kenya and South Africa.Шаблон:Sfn The male holotype was found near Naro Moru in central Kenya in 1974. The specimen was found by Frances M. Murphy and held in her collection. The first female paratype was discovered in forest near Kitale in 1972. The spider lives in liminal spaces, including shaded bushes at the side of a river and low shrubs at the edge of a track.Шаблон:Sfn Other examples have been found near rivers and streams on the side of Mount Elgon at altitudes between Шаблон:Convert above sea level.Шаблон:Sfn The spider lives in the west and central parts of the country.Шаблон:Sfn The first example to be found in South Africa was discovered near Cathedral Peak in KwaZulu-Natal at an altitude of Шаблон:Convert above sea level. This confirmed that the species also lives in low-growing grasses and ferns in Afromontane grassland.Шаблон:Sfn
References
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