Английская Википедия:Asemonea stella

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox

Asemonea stella is a species of jumping spider in the genus Asemonea that lives in Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania, and has been introduced to Australia. It thrives in a wide range of environments, from open farmland to semi-aquatic vegetation. The spider was first defined in 1980 by Fred Wanless. The spider is small, between Шаблон:Convert long, the female being generally larger than the male. It has a carapace that is pear-shaped and either yellow in the case of the male or green in the case of the female, measuring between Шаблон:Convert in length.The abdomen is whiter, between Шаблон:Convert long and has a distinctive star-shaped pattern on the back. Its copulatory organs help differentiate the species, particularly the furrow on the femoral apophysis of the male palpal bulb and the shallow depression in the middle of the female epigyne.

Taxonomy

Asemonea stella is an African jumping spider that was first described by Fred Wanless in 1980.[1] He allocated the species to the genus Asemonea, first raised by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1869.Шаблон:Sfn The genus is related to Lyssomanes.Шаблон:Sfn Molecular analysis demonstrates that the genus is similar to Goleba and Pandisus.Шаблон:Sfn In Wayne Maddison's 2015 study of spider phylogenetic classification, the genus Asemonea was the type genus for the subfamily Asemoneinae.Шаблон:Sfn A year later, in 2016, Jerzy Prószyński named it as the type genus for the Asemoneines group of genera, which was also named after the genus.Шаблон:Sfn

Description

The spider is small. The male is approximately Шаблон:Convert long. It has a yellow carapace that is typically Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide. It is pale to the back and tends to whitish-yellow near the eye field, which is black and a fringe of white hairs. The clypeus is pale yellow and shiny. The spider also has a pale yellow labium and sternum. The abdomen is also whitish yellow and shiny, but with a distinctive black star and two black patches on its back. The underside is whitish yellow with black patch near the epigyne. It has a length between Шаблон:Convert. The spinnerets are black with a fringe of dark brown hairs. It has an elongate posterior with a moderately long terminal article and a black anal tubercle. The legs are pale yellow with patches of black. The copulatory organs help differentiate the species, particularly from the related Asemonea pulchra. The palpal bulb has a furrow on the femoral apophysis and lacks the flange on the tegulum of other species.Шаблон:Sfn Examples in South Africa have a pale green tint that enable them to blend into their habitat.Шаблон:Sfn

The female is between Шаблон:Convert long. It has a carapace that is between Шаблон:Convert and between Шаблон:Convert wide.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It is pear-shaped and light green with two parallel black lines. It has an eye field with four rows of eyes, as is typical for Lyssomaninae spiders, mounted on tubercles and surrounded by black rings. The middle eyes are relatively large. Its mouthparts and sternum are pale. It has chelicerae with three or five very small teeth at the front and four or seven to the back. The abdomen has a similar star-shaped pattern to the male, but black on a whitish background, and a light underside. It is typically Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide; The spinnerets are white, The legs are long and thin, light with black spots and numerous long pale spines. The last pair of legs are the longest. The epigyne has small depression to the rear.Шаблон:Sfn The seminal ducts are initially narrow, leading to spherical spermathecae. The spider has evident accessory glands.Шаблон:Sfn As with the male, distinguishing the species from others in the genus relies on comparing the copulatory organs. The presence of a shallow depression in the middle of epigyne and the small chambers at the start of the seminal duct are distinctive for Asemonea stella.Шаблон:Sfn

Behaviour

Despite being termed jumping spiders, Asemonea spiders rarely jump. Instead, they generally walk and run. They spin sheet webs on the underside of leaves, where they also lay their eggs.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Although predominantly a diurnal hunter, the spider is also likely to eat nectar if it is available.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It uses visual displays during courtship and transmits vibratory signals through silk to communicate to other spiders.Шаблон:Sfn

Distribution and habitat

Asemonea stella can be found in Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania, as well as Australia where it has been introduced.[1] The male holotype was found in a garden in the Kenyan coastal town of Kilifi in 1977. A female paratype was discovered close by in 1974, in hedge in open farmland about Шаблон:Convert from the sea.Шаблон:Sfn The first examples from Tanzania were a female first found in 1995 in a pitfall trap in scrub of Dichrostachys plants and a male discovered amongst grass in Senegalia senegal woodland in 1996.Шаблон:Sfn The spider was first identified in South Africa based on a specimen from the eastern shore of Shokwe Pan in the Ndumo Game Reserve collected in 2000, which demonstrated that the species thrives amongst semiaquatic vegetation.Шаблон:Sfn

Spiders, like Asemonea stella, can be transported by global trade networks over vast distances. As they are smaller than vertebrates, the spiders are less likely to be intentional travellers, usually travel as hitchhikers as part of the global trade in goods.Шаблон:Sfn As global trade has increased, so the number of introduced species has increased, not just in numbers but in distance travelled.Шаблон:Sfn Asemonea stella is one of those that has expanded beyond its natural habitat. The spider was found near Darwin, Australia, in 1965, the first example found in the country and the first time this spider has been found outside Africa.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Taxonbar

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Asemonea_stella&oldid=13274655