Английская Википедия:Ashikaga Yoshiaki
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Family name hatnote Шаблон:Infobox officeholder Шаблон:Nihongo[1] was the 15th and final shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate in Japan who reigned from 1568 to 1573 when he staged a revolt and was overthrown.[2] His father, Ashikaga Yoshiharu, was the twelfth shōgun, and his brother, Ashikaga Yoshiteru, was the thirteenth shōgun.[3]
Biography
He was born to Ashikaga Yoshiharu on 5 December 1537.[1] He entered Kofuku-ji temple as monk, but when his older brother Yoshiteru was killed by the Miyoshi clan, he returned to secular life and took the name "Yoshiaki".[4] At the time, the Ashikaga shogunate had been severely weakened; its authority was largely ignored across Japan. Regardless, various factions still fought to control the central government, as it still held some prestige despite its dimished status. Ashikaga Yoshiteru attempted to overthrow the Miyoshi who effectively controlled him, but his conspiracies led the Miyoshi and Matsunaga Hisahide to organize a coup d'état as well as force Yoshiteru to commit suicide. They then opted to install Ashikaga Yoshihide as the fourteenth shogun in Kyoto, but were unable to control the capital.Шаблон:Sfn
There was no effective central authority in Kyoto until Ashikaga Yoshiaki was able to enlist warlord Oda Nobunaga to support his cause. The Oda armies entered Kyoto in 1568, re-establishing the Muromachi shogunate under Ashikaga Yoshiaki as a puppet shōgun. This marked the beginning of the Azuchi–Momoyama period. Ashikaga Yoshihide, the fourteenth shōgun, was deposed without ever entering the capital.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Before long, Yoshiaki became dissatisfied with Oda Nobunaga's overlordship and tried to regain state power.Шаблон:Sfn
Yoshiaki's revolt and escape
Шаблон:Main In 1573, Ashikaga Yoshiaki requested the aid of another warlord, Takeda Shingen, in overthrowing the Oda clan. Oda Nobunaga responded by deposing the shogun, forcing him to flee the capital.Шаблон:Sfn Most historians consider this the Ashikaga shogunate's end. Yoshiaki became a Buddhist monk, shaving his head and taking the name Sho-san, which he later changed to Rei-o In.[5] However, Yoshiaki did not formally relinquish his title as shogun. Accordingly, the empty shell of the Ashikaga shogunate could be said to have continued for several more years. Despite a renewed central authority in Kyoto and Oda Nobunaga's attempt to unify the country, the struggle for power among warring states continued. Yoshiaki acted as a rallying point for anti-Oda forces. He even raised troops himself, and sent them to fight against Oda Nobunaga's army during the Ishiyama Hongan-ji War.Шаблон:Sfn Even after Oda Nobunaga had died in 1582, the former shogun continued his efforts to regain power. According to historian Mary Elizabeth Berry, Yoshiaki still resisted Nobunaga's de facto successor Toyotomi Hideyoshi by 1590.Шаблон:Sfn
He died in 1597.Шаблон:Sfn
Symbols
Ashikaga Yoshiaki's standard was a white Hata-jirushi with golden lettering and a red sun. His banner was white and had "Hachiman Dai Bosatsu" written on it in black.Шаблон:Sfn
Family
- Father: Ashikaga Yoshiharu
- Mother: Keijuin (1514–1565)
- Concubines:
- Osako no Kata
- Kosaki no Tsubone
- Children:
- Ashikaga Yoshihiro (1572–1605)
- Isshi Yoshitaka
- Nagayama Yoshiari (1575–1635)
- Yajima Hideyuki
Events of Yoshiaki's bakufu
- 1568 – Oda Nobunaga sets Yoshiaki up as shōgun.[2]
- 1569 – Yoshiaki's Nijō residence is built.[6]
- 1570 – Ikkō monks defeat Oda Nobunaga.[2]
- 1571 – Oda Nobunaga destroys Enryaku-ji.[2]
- 1573 – Takeda Shingen dies; Yoshiaki is deposed.[2]
- 1574 – Oda Nobunaga demolishes Nagashima.Шаблон:Sfn
- 1580 – Ikkō monks surrender in August.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- 1582 – Oda Nobunaga dies at Honnō-ji temple.Шаблон:Sfn
- 1588 – Yoshiaki officially resigns from his post as shōgun.[7]
Eras of Yoshiaki's bakufu
The span of years in which Yoshiaki was shōgun are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[8]
Notes
References
- Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) Lessons from History: the Tokushi Yoron. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. Шаблон:ISBN; OCLC 7574544
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 585069
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-non Шаблон:S-end
Шаблон:Ashikaga dynasty (Japan) Шаблон:Ashikaga chronology (Japan) Шаблон:People of the Sengoku period Шаблон:Shoguns Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 "Ashikaga Yoshiaki" in The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 625.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron, p. 332.
- ↑ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Шаблон:Google books
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Titsingh, Шаблон:Google books
- ↑ Lee Butler, "Castles in Medieval Japan: Before Azuchi", presentation at Association for Asian Studies annual conference, San Diego, March 23, 2013.
- ↑ National Diet Library: 国史大系
- ↑ Titsingh, Шаблон:Google books
