Английская Википедия:Asian Americans in politics

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Asian Americans represent a growing share of the national population and of the electorate.[1] The lower political participation of Asian Americans has been raised as a concern, especially as it relates to their influence on politics in the United States.[2][3] In the 21st century, Asian Americans have become a key Democratic Party constituency.[4][5]

Officeholders

Elected national officials

Vice president

Name Image Term Ethnicity State Party Offices held
Kamala Harris
(1964–)
Файл:Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait.jpg 2021–present Indian American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Harris, who is half Indian American,[6] became the US' first female vice president, the highest-ranking female elected official in U.S. history, and the first African-American and first Asian-American vice president.[7][8]

Congress

Senate

(Note: Senators are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Senator Asian and/or
Pacific Islander ethnicity
Party State Tenure Notes
Term start Term end Length of service
Sen. Fong Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Chinese[S 1] Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Republican Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired
Sen. Inouye Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese[S 2] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Шаблон:Nowrap
Sen. Hayakawa Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Republican California Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired
Sen. Matsunaga Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Died in office
Sen. Akaka Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Hawaiian,
Chinese[S 3]
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Initially appointed; later re-elected
Retired
Sen. Ensign Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Filipino[S 4] Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Republican Nevada Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Resigned
Sen. Hirono Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese[S 5] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Sen. Duckworth Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Small
Thai,
Chinese[S 6]
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic Illinois Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Sen. Harris Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Indian[S 7] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Resigned to become Vice President
  1. First American of Chinese ancestry elected to Congress
  2. First Japanese American elected to the Senate
  3. First Native Hawaiian to serve in the Senate
  4. First person of Filipino ancestry elected to the Senate
  5. First Asian-American woman elected to the Senate
  6. First Thai American elected to the Senate
  7. First person of South Asian ancestry elected to the Senate; together with Pramila Jayapal, first Indian-American woman elected to Congress

House of Representatives

(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Representative Asian and/or
Pacific Islander ethnicity
Party State Tenure Notes
Term start Term end Length of service
Rep. Saund Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Indian[H 1] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Lost reelection
Rep. Inouye Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese[H 2] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senate
Rep. Matsunaga Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senate
Rep. Mink Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese[H 3] rowspan=2 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate
Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Died in office
Rep. Mineta Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Resigned
Later served as Secretary of Commerce and Secretary of Transportation
Rep. Akaka Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Chinese Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Resigned after being appointed to the U.S. Senate
Rep. Matsui Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Died in office
Rep. Dymally Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Indian[H 4] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired
Rep. Saiki Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Republican Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate
Rep. Kim Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Korean[H 5] Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Republican California Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Lost renomination
Rep. Scott Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Filipino[H 6] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Virginia Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Rep. Ensign Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Filipino Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Republican Nevada Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate
Later elected to the U.S. Senate from Nevada
Rep. Wu Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Taiwanese[H 7] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Oregon Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Resigned
Rep. Honda Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Lost reelection
Rep. Jindal Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Indian Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Republican Louisiana Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Resigned to run successfully for Governor
Rep. Matsui Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd Elected to succeed late husband
Rep. Hirono Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senate
Rep. Austria Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Filipino Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Republican Ohio Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired following decennial redistricting
Rep. Cao Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Vietnamese[H 8] Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Republican Louisiana Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Lost reelection
Rep. Chu Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Chinese[H 9] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Rep. Djou Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Thai,
Chinese[H 10]
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Republican Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Lost reelection
Rep. Clarke Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Bangladeshi[H 11] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Michigan Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Lost renomination following decennial redistricting
Rep. Hanabusa Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese rowspan=2 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate
Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired to run unsuccessfully for Governor
Rep. Bera Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Indian Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Rep. Duckworth Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Thai,
Chinese[H 12]
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Illinois Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senate
Rep. Gabbard Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Samoan[H 13] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Retired after having run unsuccessfully for President, became an independent in 2022
Rep. Meng Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Taiwanese[H 14] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic New York Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Rep. Takano Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese[H 15] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Rep. Lieu Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Taiwanese Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Rep. Takai Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Died in office
Rep. Jayapal Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Indian[H 16] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic Washington Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Rep. Khanna Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Indian Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Rep. Krishnamoorthi Шаблон:Nowrap
Шаблон:Small
Indian Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic Illinois Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Rep. Murphy Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Vietnamese[H 17] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic Florida Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts 6 years, 0 days Retired
Файл:TJ Cox, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Filipino,
Chinese
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic California Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Ayd Lost reelection
Файл:Andy Kim, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Korean Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic New Jersey Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Файл:Young Kim 117th U.S Congress.jpg Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Korean[H 18] Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Republican California Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Файл:MichelleSteel.jpg Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Korean[H 18] Шаблон:Party shading/Republican |Republican California Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Файл:Marilyn Strickland 117th U.S Congress.jpg Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Korean[H 18] Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic Washington Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Файл:Rep. Shri Thanedar - 118th Congress.jpg Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Indian Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic Michigan Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
Файл:Rep. Jill Tokuda official photo, 118th Congress.jpg Шаблон:Sortname
Шаблон:Small
Japanese Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic Hawaii Шаблон:Dts Incumbent Шаблон:Ayd
  1. First AAPI person elected to Congress as a non-delegate, and also first Indian American elected to Congress
  2. First Japanese American elected to Congress
  3. First Asian-American woman elected to Congress
  4. First (and so far only) Dougla elected to Congress
  5. First Korean American elected to Congress
  6. First American-born Filipino elected to Congress
  7. First Taiwanese American elected to Congress
  8. First Vietnamese American elected to Congress
  9. First Chinese-American woman elected to Congress
  10. First Thai American elected to Congress
  11. First person of Bangladeshi ancestry elected to Congress
  12. First Thai-American woman elected to Congress
  13. First woman of Pacific Islander ancestry elected to Congress
  14. First Taiwanese-American woman elected to Congress
  15. First openly gay person of AAPI ancestry elected to Congress
  16. Together with Kamala Harris, first Indian-American woman elected to Congress
  17. First Vietnamese-American woman elected to Congress
  18. 18,0 18,1 18,2 Reps. Kim, Steel and Strickland are collectively the first Korean-American women elected to Congress

State and local government

Governors

Name Image Term Ethnicity State Party Offices held
George Ariyoshi
(1926–)
Файл:George Ariyoshi Portrait (cropped).jpg 1974–1986 Japanese American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic First American of Asian descent to be elected governor of a state of the United States.[9] He continues to hold the record as the longest-serving state governor in Hawaii.
Ben Cayetano
(1939–)
Файл:Ben Cayetano Portrait.jpg 1994–2002 Filipino American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic First Filipino American to serve as a state governor in the United States.[10]
Gary Locke
(1950–)
Файл:Gary Locke official portrait.jpg 1997–2005 Chinese American Washington Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic First Chinese American to be elected governor in United States history and the first Asian American governor in the continental United States.[11]
Bobby Jindal
(1971–)
Файл:Bobby Jindal August 2015.jpg 2008–2016 Indian American Louisiana Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in various executive positions in Louisiana and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services before being elected to Congress in 2004, and finally winning the Louisiana gubernatorial elections in 2007 (thereby becoming the first non-white governor of Louisiana since Reconstruction), the first elected Indian American governor in U.S. history,[12] as well as the second Asian American governor to serve in the continental United States.
Nikki Haley
(1972–)
Файл:Nikki Haley official photo.jpg 2011–2017 Indian American South Carolina Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served as the 116th Governor of South Carolina from 2011 to 2017. Haley previously represented Lexington County in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 2005 to 2010.[13] She is the first Sikh American governor in the United States,[14] first female governor of South Carolina,[14] second elected Indian American governor in U.S. history,[15] as well as the third Asian American governor to serve in the continental United States. Nikki Haley's election was not the only first for Asian Americans to occur during the 2010 election cycle.
David Ige
(1957–)
Файл:Governor David Ige.jpg 2014–2022 Japanese American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served as the 8th governor of Hawaii from 2014 to 2022. First person of Okinawan descent to hold office in the U.S.[16]

Statewide offices

Name Image Term Ethnicity State Party Offices held
James Kealoha
(1908–1983)
1959–1962 Chinese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii
Andrew T. F. Ing
(1919–1999)
1966 Chinese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic

Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii

March Fong Eu
(1922–2017)
Файл:March Fong Eu.jpg 1975–1994 Chinese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Secretary of State of California
Nelson Doi
(1922–2015)
1974–1978 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic

Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii

Jean Sadako King
(1925–2013)
1978–1982 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic

Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii

S. B. Woo
(1937–)
Файл:S.B. Woo at the USDA in 2015.jpg 1985–1989 Chinese-American Delaware Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Lieutenant Governor of Delaware 1985 – 1989.
Cheryl Lau
(1944–)
1995–1999 Chinese-American Nevada Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Nevada Secretary of State
Mazie Hirono
(1947–)
Файл:Mazie Hirono, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg 1994–2002 Japanese American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii
Matt Fong
(1953–2011)
Файл:Mattfong.jpg 1995–1999 Chinese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican California State Treasurer
Duke Aiona
(1955–)
Файл:Duke Aiona.jpg 2002–2010 Chinese American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served as Lieutenant Governor from 2002 to 2010.
Alex Sink
(1948–)
Файл:Alex Sink.png 2007–2011 Thai-American Florida Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served as Chief Financial Officer of Florida from 2007 to 2011.
Kamala Harris
(1964–)
Файл:Kamala Harris Official Attorney General Photo (cropped).jpg 2011–2017 Indian-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Harris, who is half Indian-American,[6] became the first female, first Jamaican American, and first Asian-American state attorney general in the United States.[17]
Shan Tsutsui
(1971–)
Файл:Shan Tsutsui.jpg 2012–2018 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii
Sean Reyes
(1971–)
Файл:Sean Reyes (5893896909) (cropped).jpg 2013–present Filipino-American
Japanese American
Utah Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Attorney General of Utah
Doug Chin
(1966–)
Файл:Lt Gov Doug Chin.jpg 2015–2018 Chinese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served as Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii in 2018 and as Hawaii Attorney General from 2015 – 2018.
John Chiang
(1962–)
Файл:California State Treasurer John Chiang.jpg 2015–2019 Taiwanese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served as California State Treasurer from 2015 to 2019.
Fiona Ma
(1966–)
Файл:Member of the CA State Board of Equalization, Fiona Ma.jpg 2019–present Chinese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic California State Treasurer from 2019–present.
Betty Yee
(1957–)
Файл:Betty Yee official photo.jpg 2015–present Chinese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving as California State Controller since 2015.
William Tong
(1973–)
Файл:Richard Blumenthal and William Tong (cropped).jpg 2019–present Chinese-American Connecticut Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving as Connecticut Attorney General since 2019.
Kimberly Yee
(1974–)
Файл:Kimberly Yee by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg 2019–present Chinese-American Arizona Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving as Arizona State Treasurer since 2019.
Rob Bonta
(1972–)
Файл:Bonta headshot.jpg 2021–present Filipino-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Attorney General of California since 2021.
Steve Hobbs
(1970–)
Файл:Steve Hobbs.jpg 2021–present Japanese-American Washington Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Secretary of State of Washington since 2021.
Sylvia Luke
(1967–)
Файл:Lt. Governor Sylvia Luke Portrait 2023 (cropped).png 2022–present Korean-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii since 2022. First Korean-American politician elected to a statewide office.[18]
Aruna Miller
(1964–)
Файл:Aruna Miller Official Portrait.jpg 2023–present Indian American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Lieutenant Governor of Maryland since 2023. First South Asian lieutenant governor in the United States.
Susan C. Lee
(1954–)
Файл:Susan C Lee Mar23.jpg 2023–present Chinese American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Secretary of State of Maryland

State Legislative offices

Шаблон:Incomplete list

Name Image Term Ethnicity State Party Offices held
Kazuhisa Abe
(1914–1996)
1959–1966 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Hawaii State Senate, including as Senate President in 1965–1966 (after Nelson Doi).
Noboru Miyake
(1896–1988)
1959–1966 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Hawaii State Senate.
Steere Noda
(1892–1986)
1959–1962 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Hawaii State Senate.
Sakae Takahashi
(1919–2001)
1959–1974 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Hawaii State Senate.
John T. Ushijima
(1924–2006)
1959–1982 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Hawaii State Senate.
Nadao Yoshinaga
(1919–2009)
1959–1974 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Hawaii State Senate.
Tadao Beppu
(1919–1993)
1959–1976 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Hawaii House of Representatives, including as Speaker of the House from 1968 to 1974. Also served as secretary of the Hawaii Constitutional Convention of 1968.
James H. Wakatsuki
(1929–1992)
1959–1980 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Hawaii House of Representatives, including as Speaker of the House from 1975 to 1980. Later served as a Hawaii Supreme Court justice.
Yoshito Takamine
(1924–2015)
1959–1984 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Hawaii House of Representatives.
Robert Fukuda
(1922–2013)
1959–1962 Japanese-American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Hawaii House of Representatives. Later served as U.S. Attorney in Hawaii from 1969 to 1973.
Edmond Gong
(1930–2015)
Файл:Eddie Gong Florida.jpg 1966–1972 Chinese-American Florida Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Florida House of Representatives. First Asian American legislator in Florida.
Thelma Buchholdt
(1934–2007)
Файл:Thelma Buchholdt.jpg 1975–1983 Filipino-American Alaska Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Alaska House of Representatives. First Filipino American woman legislator in the United States.
John Lim
(1935–)
Файл:Johnlim.jpg 1993–2001, 2005-2009 Korean American Oregon Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Oregon State Senate from 1993 to 2001. Served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2005 to 2009. While in the Oregon State Senate, he served as Majority Leader.
David Valderrama
(1933–)
1991–2003 Filipino-American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1991 to 2003. First Filipino-American elected to a state legislature in the contiguous United States.
Nimi McConigley 1994–1996 Indian-American Wyoming Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1994 to 1996. First Indian born person to be elected to any state legislature.
John Pippy
(1970–)
Файл:John Pippy.jpg 1997–2003, 2003-2012 Thai-American Pennsylvania Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1997 to 2003 before being elected to the Pennsylvania State Senate.
Blake Oshiro
(1970–)
Файл:Blake Oshiro.jpg 2001–2011 Okinawan American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 2001 to 2011. Oshiro was majority leader during his tenure.
Saghir Tahir
(1945–2013)
2001–2011 Pakistani American New Hampshire Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 2001 to 2011. First Pakastan native to be elected to any state legislature, and first Muslim American elected to any political office in the United States.
Shirley Horton
(1952–)
Файл:Ms. Shirley Horton.jpg 2002–2008 Japanese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the California State Assembly.
Nikki Haley
(1972–)
Файл:Nikki Haley official photo.jpg 2005–2011 Indian American South Carolina Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 2005 to 2011. First Indian American to be elected to the South Carolina legislature. She would later be elected governor.
Hubert Vo
(1956–)
Файл:HubertVo.jpg 2005–present Vietnamese-American Texas Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Texas House of Representatives since 2005. First Vietnamese American to be elected to the Texas Legislature.
Kris Valderrama
(1970–)
Файл:Kris Valderrama (2009).jpg 2007–present Filipino American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Maryland House of Delegates
Saqib Ali
(1971–)
Файл:Saqib Ali in 2007.jpg 2007–2011 Pakastani American
Indian American
Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Maryland House of Delegates
Tony Fulton
(1972–)
Файл:Tony Fulton.jpg 2007–2013 Filipino American Nebraska Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Nebraska Legislature from 2007 to 2013. Currently the tax commissioner of Nebraska.
Sharon Har Файл:Growing Up in Hawaii Panel Discussion (8403928055) (cropped).jpg 2007–2022 Korean American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Hawaii House of Representatives.
Scott Kawasaki
(1975–)
Файл:Scott Kawasaki at Senate Minority Press Conference (cropped).jpg 2007–2019, 2019–present Japanese American Alaska Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Alaska House of Representatives from 2007 to 2019 before being elected to the Alaska State Senate in 2019.
Angie Chen Button
(1954–)
Файл:Angie Chen Button in 2019.jpg 2009–present Chinese-American Texas Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving in the Texas House of Representatives since 2009.
Tony Hwang
(1964–)
Файл:Tony-Hwang-State-Rep-134th-Fairfield-Trumbull.jpg 2009–2015, 2015–present Taiwanese American Connecticut Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from 2009 to 2015 before being elected to the Connecticut State Senate where he currently serves.
Mark Keam
(1966–)
Файл:Del. Mark Keam (11840639753) (cropped).png 2010–2022 Korean American Virginia Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Virginia House of Delegates
Aruna Miller
(1964–)
Файл:Aruna Miller 2017.jpg 2010–2019 Indian American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Maryland House of Delegates. First Indian American to be elected to the Maryland General Assembly. She would later be elected lieutenant governor.
B. J. Pak
(1980–)
Файл:BJ Pak official photo.jpg 2011–2017 Korean American Georgia Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 2011 to 2017. In 2017 he was nominated and confirmed as United States Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia
Phil Ting
(1969–)
Файл:Phil ting.jpg 2012-present Chinese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the California State Assembly since 2012.
Ron Kim
(1979–)
Файл:Photo of Ron Kim, NYS Assembly Member.jpg 2013–present Korean American New York Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the New York State Assembly
Brian Shiozawa Файл:Shiozawa.JPG 2013–2017 Japanese American Utah Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Utah State Senate
Gene Wu
(1978–)
Файл:Gene Wu 2.jpg 2013–present Chinese-American Texas Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Texas House of Representatives since 2013.
Ling Ling Chang
(1976–)
Файл:Linglingchang.jpg 2014–2016, 2018-2020 Taiwanese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican From 2014 to 2016 Chang served in the California State Assembly. In 2016 she ran for a seat in the California State Senate and lost, but the incumbent was recalled, and she won the special election for the remainder of his term.
Janet Nguyen
(1976–)
Файл:Janetnguyun.png 2014–2018, 2020–2022, 2022–present Vietnamese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican From 2014 to 2018 Nguyen served in the California State Senate making her the first Vietnamese American to serve in any state senate. After narrowly losing reelection, she ran for and won a seat in the California State Assembly in 2020. In 2022 Nguyen ran again for the California State Senate and won.
Andria Tupola
(1980–)
Файл:Andria Tupola.jpg 2014–2018 Samoan American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 2014 to 2018. In 2015 for one year, she served as minority floor leader.
Ervin Yen Файл:Ervinyen.jpg 2014–2018 Taiwanese-American Oklahoma Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Oklahoma Senate from 2014 to 2018.
Roxanne Persaud Файл:Roxanne Persaud.jpg 2015-2015, 2015–present Indian American New York Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the New York State Assembly from January 2015-November 2015. Serving in the New York Senate since 2015.
Mark S. Chang
(1978–)
Файл:Delegate Mark Chang.jpg 2015–present Korean-American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Maryland House of Delegates since 2015.
Jay Jalisi
(1965–)
Файл:Jay Jalisi.jpg 2015–2023 Pakistani American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 2015 to 2023.
Clarence K. Lam
(1980–)
Файл:Clarence Lam.jpg 2015–2019, 2019–present Chinese-American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 2015 to 2019 before being elected to the Maryland Senate in 2019, where he is currently.
David Moon
(1979–)
Файл:David Moon (29797425930).jpg 2015–present Korean-American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Maryland House of Delegates since 2015, and as Majority Leader since 2023.
Phillip Chen
(1978–)
Файл:Phillip Chen official headshot.jpg 2016–present Chinese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving in the California State Assembly since 2016.
Steven Choi
(1944–)
Файл:StevenChoi.jpg 2016–2022 Korean American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Member of the California State Assembly
Vince Fong
(1979–)
Файл:Vince Fong.jpg 2016–present Chinese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving in the California State Assembly since 2016.
Todd Gloria
(1978–)
Файл:AssemblymemberToddGloria.jpg 2016–2020 Filipino American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic House Majority Whip and member of the California State Assembly
Manka Dhingra
(1973 or 1974–)
Файл:Manka Dhingra 02.jpg 2017–present Indian-American Washington Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Washington State Senate since 2017.
Bee Nguyen
(1978–)
Файл:Bee Nguyen at the Georgia State Capitol, May 15, 2019 (cropped).jpg 2017–present Vietnamese-American Georgia Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Georgia House of Representatives since 2017. First Vietnamese American in the Georgia House of Representatives.
Vandana Slatter
(1981–)
Файл:State Representative Vandana Slatter.jpg 2017–present Indian-American Washington Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Washington State House since 2017.
Dean Tran
(1978–)
Файл:Dean Tran.jpg 2017–2021 Vietnamese-American Massachusetts Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Massachusetts Senate, first Vietnamese American to hold elected office in Massachusetts.
Tyler Diep Файл:Tylerdiep.jpg 2018–2020 Vietnamese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the California State Assembly.
Val Okimoto 2018–2022 Japanese-American Filipino American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Served in the Hawaii House of Representatives. Minority leader from 2021-2022.
Daniel Pae
(1995–)
Файл:Daniel Pae.jpg 2018–present Korean-American Oklahoma Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving in the Oklahoma House of Representatives.
Saud Anwar
(1962–)
Файл:Saud Anwar Head Shot 2.jpg 2019–present Pakistani American Connecticut Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Connecticut State Senate.
Harry Bhandari
(1977–)
Файл:Delegate Harry Bhandari.jpg 2019–present Nepalese-American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Maryland House of Delegates.
Lily Qi
(1963–)
Файл:Lily Qi.jpg 2019–present Chinese-American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Maryland House of Delegates
Kaohly Her
(1978–)
Файл:Representative Kaohly Her speaking at International Women's Day ERA Rally at the Capitol in St Paul, Minnesota (cropped).jpg 2019–present Hmong-American Minnesota Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives.
Tina Maharath
(1978–)
2019–present Laotian-American Ohio Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Ohio State Senate. First Laotian American elected to public office.
Mike Giallombardo
(1982-)
Файл:Mike Giallombardo.jpg 2020-present Korean-American Florida Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving in the Florida House of Representatives since 2020.
Charlice Byrd
(1951-)
Файл:Cbyrdwiki.jpg 2021-present Chinese-American Georgia Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving in the Georgia house of representatives
Kimberly Fiorello
(1975-)
2021-2023 Korean-American Connecticut Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving in the Connecticut house of representatives
Quang Nguyen
(1962-)
Файл:Quang Nguyen by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg 2021-present Vietnamese-American Arizona Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving in the Arizona House of Representatives since 2021.
Shri Thanedar
(1955-)
Файл:Shri Thanedar on The Bart Hawley Show (cropped).jpg 2021-2023 Indian American Michigan Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Michigan House of Representatives since 2021.
Lester Chang
(1973–)
2023–present Chinese-American New York Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving in the New York State Assembly since 2023.
Justin Jones
(1995–)
2023– Filipino American Tennessee Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from January 10, 2023 to April 6, 2023.
Nabilah Islam
(1989–)
Файл:Nabilah Islam on The Humanist Report (cropped).jpg 2023-present Bangladeshi-American Georgia Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Georgia House of Representatives since 2023.
Tri Ta
(1973–)
2023–present Vietnamese-American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Serving in the California State Assembly since 2023.
Chao Wu
(1976 or 1977–)
Файл:Delegate Chao Wu Jan2023.jpg 2023–present Chinese-American Maryland Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Serving in the Maryland House of Delegates since 2023.

Mayors

Шаблон:Incomplete list

Name Image Term Ethnicity State Party Offices held
Kinjiro Matsudaira
(1885–1963)
1927, 1943 Japanese American Maryland Mayor of Edmonston, Maryland, elected in 1927 and 1943[19]
James Kanno
(1925–2017)
1957–1962 Japanese American California First mayor of Fountain Valley, California[20]
Norman Mineta
(1931–2022)
Файл:Norman Mineta, official portrait, DOT.jpg 1971–1975 Japanese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served as mayor of San Jose, California.[21]
Sak Yamamoto
(1914–1997)
Файл:Sak Yamamoto, mayor of Carson.jpg 1973–1974, 1977–1979 Japanese American California Mayor of Carson, California[22]
Eduardo Malapit
(1933–2007)
1974–1982 Filipino American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Independent | Independent Mayor of Kauai County, Hawaii
S. Floyd Mori
(1939–)
1974–1975 Japanese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Pleasanton, California[23]
Eunice Sato
(1921–2021)
1980–1982 Japanese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Mayor of Long Beach, California
Nao Takasugi
(1922–2009)
1982–1992 Japanese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Mayor of Oxnard, California elected in 1982 and re-elected four times[24]
Judy Chu
(1953–)
Файл:Judy Chu 2019-05-02.jpg 1989–1994 Chinese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Three term mayor of Monterey Park, California starting in 1989
Lorraine Inouye
(1940–)
1990–1992 Filipino American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Independent | Independent Mayor of Hawaii County, Hawaii
Carol Liu Файл:Carol Liu.jpg 1992– 2000 Chinese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of La Cañada Flintridge
Stephen K. Yamashiro
(1941–2011)
1992–2000 Japanese American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Independent | Independent Mayor of Hawaii County, Hawaii
Jimmie R. Yee
(1934–)
1999–2000 Chinese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Sacramento, California[25]
Alan Nakanishi
(1940–)
Файл:AlanNakanishi.jpg 2000–2001, 2012–2013, 2017–2018, 2020–2021 Japanese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Mayor of Lodi, California for four two-year terms[26]
Harry Kim
(1939–)
Файл:Harry Kim, Mayor of Hawaii County.jpg 2000–2008, 2016–2020 Korean American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Independent | Independent Mayor of Hawaii County, Hawaii
Alan Arakawa
(1951–)
Файл:Mayor Alan Arakawa.jpg 2003–2007, 2011–2019 Japanese American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Independent | Independent Mayor of Maui County, Hawaii
Otto Lee
Файл:Law profile portrait.jpg 2005–2007 Chinese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Sunnyvale, California
Ken Miyagishima
(1963–)
2007–2023 Japanese American New Mexico Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Four-term mayor of Las Cruces, New Mexico first elected in 2007[27]
Sukhee Kang
(1952–)
Файл:Kanglarge.jpg 2008–2012 Korean American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Irvine, California[28]
Evan Low Файл:EvanLow-3x5.jpg 2009–2015 Chinese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Campbell, California
Marilyn Strickland Файл:Marilyn Strickland 117th U.S Congress.jpg 2010–2018 Korean American Washington Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Tacoma, Washington
Ed Lee
(1952–2017)
Файл:Mayor Ed Lee Headshot Closeup.jpg 2011–2017 Chinese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Served as first Asian American mayor of San Francisco until his death in 2017.[29]
Jean Quan
(1949–)
Файл:Jean Quan at Lake Merritt during her Campaign for Mayor (1).jpg 2011–2015 Chinese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Oakland, California 2011–2015[30]
Steven Choi
(1944–)
Файл:StevenChoi.jpg 2012–2016 Korean American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Mayor of Irvine, California
Bao Nguyen
(1980–)
Файл:Photograph of Bao Nguyen.png 2014–2016 Vietnamese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Garden Grove, California
Karen Goh
(1955–)
Файл:Karen Goh.png 2017–present Chinese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Mayor of Bakersfield, California[31]
Ron Nirenberg
(1977–)
Файл:Ron Nirenberg NMFSC Leadership.jpg 2017–present Filipino American, Malaysian American, Indian American California Шаблон:Party shading/Independent | Independent Mayor of San Antonio, Texas
Ravinder Bhalla
(1974–)
Файл:12.19.17RaviBhallaByLuigiNovi2.jpg 2018–present Indian American New Jersey Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey[32]
Derek Kawakami
(1977–)
Файл:Derek Kawakami.png 2018–present Japanese American Hawaii Шаблон:Party shading/Independent | Independent Mayor of Kauai County, Hawaii
Harry Sidhu
(1957–)
Файл:Harry Sidhu.jpg 2018–2022 Indian American California Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | Republican Mayor of Anaheim, California[33]
Sumbul Siddiqui
(1988–)
Файл:Mayor Sumbul Siddiqui.jpg 2020– Pakistani American Massachusetts Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts
Farrah Khan
(1971–)
Файл:FarrahKhan.jpg 2020– Pakistani American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Irvine, California
Todd Gloria
(1978–)
Файл:AssemblymemberToddGloria.jpg 2020–present Filipino American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of San Diego[34]
Michelle Wu
(1985–)
Файл:Michelle Wu 2022 South Boston’s St. Patrick’s Day Parade (FOVD129X0AMcrHy) (2) (revised) (cropped1).jpg 2021–present Taiwanese American Massachusetts Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts
Bruce Harrell
(1958–)
Файл:Bruce Harrell 2019.jpg 2022–present Japanese American Washington Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Seattle, Washington[35]
Sokhary Chau 2022–present Cambodian American Massachusetts Mayor of Lowell, Massachusetts
Aftab Pureval
(1982–)
Файл:Aftab Pureval headshot (cropped).jpg 2022–present Indian American, Tibetan American Ohio Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio
Helen Tran
(1981/1982–)
Файл:Helen Tran, mayor of San Bernardino.jpg 2022–present Vietnamese American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of San Bernardino, California
Sheng Thao
(1985–)
Файл:Mayor-Thao-Headshot (3x4a).jpg 2023–present Hmong American California Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Oakland, California
Arunan Arulampalam
(1985–)
2024–present Sri Lankan American Connecticut Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | Democratic Mayor of Hartford, Connecticut

Historic

Benito Legarda and Pablo Ocampo, joined the House in 1907 as Resident Commissioners,[36] becoming the first Asian Americans to serve in the Congress, albeit as non-voting members.[37]

Файл:Daniel Inouye, official Senate photo portrait, 2008.jpg
Senator Daniel Inouye of Hawaii was the President pro tempore of the United States Senate and the highest-ranking Asian American in congressional history.

In 2010, Inouye was sworn in as President Pro Tempore making him the highest-ranking Asian American politician in American history until Kamala Harris was the first Asian American to become Vice President of the United States in November 2020, and assumed the role of President of the U.S. Senate.

Current

There are presently 16 Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders in the House and 2 in the Senate in the 118th United States Congress.[38][39] The following marks the total number of Asian Americans in the U.S. Congress since 1957: 39 representatives and 9 senators. Representatives include those from Japanese, Taiwanese, Filipino, Thai, Indian, and Chinese backgrounds.

Note that Strickland and Scott are all multiracial. Strickland is one-half Korean and one-half African American; Scott is one-fourth Filipino and three-fourths African American.

Cabinet

Файл:Norman Mineta, official portrait, DOT.jpg
Norman Mineta, first Asian American cabinet member

Norman Mineta became the first Asian American Cabinet member when he was appointed secretary of commerce by President Bill Clinton in 2000. He then served as secretary of transportation from 2001 to 2006.[41]

In the George W. Bush Administration, Elaine Chao became the first, and thus far only, Asian American woman to serve as a Cabinet secretary when she became the secretary of labor in 2001, serving until 2009.[42] She has also served as secretary of transportation in the administration of Donald Trump in 2017, serving until her resignation in 2021.

In 2009, President Barack Obama appointed Eric Shinseki to the position of secretary of veterans affairs, which he held until 2014. Shinseki was the first Asian American to hold this position. Steven Chu, the first Asian American to hold the position of secretary of energy, served from 2009 to 2013. Additionally under Obama, Gary Locke served as secretary of commerce from 2009 to 2011.

In 2017, President Donald Trump appointed Nikki Haley the first Indian American to serve in a permanent Cabinet-level position when she was confirmed to the position of ambassador to the United Nations in 2017. She held the position until 2018.

In 2021, Kamala Harris became the highest ranking Asian-American to serve in a cabinet as 49th Vice President of the United States. President Joe Biden also appointed Katherine Tai to serve as U.S. Trade Representative, a cabinet-level position.

Presidential and vice-presidential candidates

Файл:Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait.jpg
Official portrait of the 49th Vice President Kamala Harris, 2021

In 1964, Hiram Fong, a Republican, became the first Asian-American candidate for president.[43][44]

In 1972, Patsy Mink became the first Asian-American Democratic candidate for president, and the first Japanese-American candidate for president.[45]

In 2015, Bobby Jindal, a Republican, became the first Indian-American candidate for president.[46][47]

In 2017, Andrew Yang became the first Taiwanese-American and the first Asian-American male Democratic candidate for president.[48][49]

In 2020, Tulsi Gabbard, who is of Samoan descent [50][51] became the second woman of color and the first Asian-American and Pacific-Islander (AAPI) presidential candidate to earn major party primary delegates.[52][53][54]

In 2020, Kamala Harris became the first Asian-American major party candidate for vice president, and later elected the first Asian-American vice president of the United States.[55]

Voting trends and party affiliation

From the 1940s to the 1990s most Asian Americans were anti-communist refugees who had fled mainland China, North Korea or Vietnam, and were strongly anti-Communist. Many had ties to conservative organizations.[56][57] In recent years, more liberal Asian-American groups such as newer Chinese and Indian immigrants have greatly changed the Asian-American political demographics, as well as a larger proportion of younger Asian Americans, many of whom have completed college degrees.[58]

During the 1990s and 2000s, Asian American voting behavior shifted from moderate support for the Republican Party to stronger support for the Democratic Party.[59] In the 1992 presidential election Republican George H. W. Bush received 55% of the Asian-American vote compared to 31% for Democrat Bill Clinton. Asian Americans voted Republican and were the only racial group more conservative than whites in the 1990s, according to surveys.[56] By the 2004 election, Democrat John Kerry won 56% of the Asian American vote, with Chinese and Indian Americans tending to support Kerry, and Vietnamese and Filipino Americans tending to support George Bush.[60] Japanese-Americans leaned toward Kerry, while Korean-Americans leaned toward Bush.[60] Democrat Barack Obama won 62% of the Asian American vote in the 2008 presidential election,[61] with the margin increasing during the 2012 presidential election, where Asian Americans voted to re-elect Obama by 73%.[62] In the 2014 midterm elections, based on exit polls, 50% of Asian Americans voted Republican, while 49% voted Democrat; this swing toward voting for Republicans was a shift from the strong Democratic vote in 2012, and had not reached 50% since 1996.[63] The 2016 National Asian American Survey, conducted before the 2016 presidential election, found that 55% of Asian American registered voters supported Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton and only 14% supported Republican candidate Donald Trump.[64]

Despite their growing trend of voting for Democrats in national elections, Asian Americans have tended to identify as independents and have not developed strong ties to political parties as a group.[65] Due to the smaller size of the groups population, in comparison to the population as a whole, it has been difficult to get an adequate sampling to forecast voter outcomes for Asian Americans.[66] In 2008, polls indicated that 35% considered themselves non-partisan, 32% Democrats, 19% independents, and 14% Republicans.[67] The 2012 National Asian American Survey found that 51% considered themselves non-partisan, 33% Democrats, 14% Republicans, and 2% Other;[68][69] Hmong, Indian, and Korean Americans strongly identified as Democrats, and Filipino and Vietnamese Americans most strongly identified as Republicans.[69] In 2013, according to the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund, Chinese Americans were the least likely Asian American ethnicity to have a party affiliation, with only one third belonging to a party.[70] The 2016 National Asian American Survey found that 41% of Asian Americans identified as non-partisan, 41% as Democrats (a modest increase from 2008 and 2012), and 16% as Republicans.[64]

Neither the Republican nor Democratic parties have financed significant efforts to the registration of Asian Americans, however much more attention has been focused on contributions from Asian Americans,[71] having once been referred to as potential "Republican Jews".[72] As recently as 2006, the outreach efforts of America's two major political parties have been unbalanced, with the Democratic Party devoting more resources in attracting Asian Americans.[73] In 2016, a majority of Asian-Americans possessed the same political views on racial profiling, education, social security, and immigration reform as the Democratic Party; the efforts to attract Asian-Americans has produced a proportionally significant growth in Democratic affiliation by Asian-Americans from 2012 to 2016 by 12 percent.[74] In 2016, Vietnamese and Filipinos were the least likely Asian Americans to support the presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton, with Vietnamese the most likely to back the presidential campaign of Donald Trump.[75] Political affiliation aside, Asian Americans have trended to become more politically active as a whole, with 2008 seeing an increase of voter participation by 4% to a 49% voting rate.[76] In 2017, it was reported by The Washington Post that Asian Americans born outside of the United States trended to be more conservative, and more likely to identify as Republicans, while those who were born in the United States, who were generally younger, were more likely to identify being a Democrat.[77]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

Шаблон:Asian topic Шаблон:Asian Americans

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  6. 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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  9. Шаблон:Cite book
  10. Шаблон:Cite news
  11. Шаблон:Cite web
  12. Шаблон:Cite news
  13. Belles of the South Audrey/Asian Women's Magazine – April/May '06 Шаблон:Webarchive
  14. 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite news
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  25. Full Biography for Jimmie R. Yee
  26. Шаблон:Cite web
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  28. Шаблон:Cite news
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  32. Шаблон:Cite web
  33. Шаблон:Cite web
  34. Шаблон:Cite news
  35. Harrell sworn in as 54th mayor of Seattle
  36. Шаблон:Cite book
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  56. 56,0 56,1 Jeffrey D. Schultz, ed., Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics (2000) Volume 1 pp 261–62
  57. William Wei, The Asian American movement (1993) pp 16, 226, 274
  58. William Wei, The Asian American movement (1993) pp 170, 274
  59. Шаблон:Cite news
  60. 60,0 60,1 Jim Lobe, Asian-Americans lean toward Kerry Шаблон:Webarchive, Asia Times. 16 September 2004.
  61. Election results, America Votes 2004, CNN;
    ^ Exit Polls, CNN.
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