Английская Википедия:Aslam ibn Zur'a al-Kilabi

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Aslam ibn Zurʿa ibn ʿAmr ibn Khuwaylid al-Ṣāʿiq al-Kilābī (Шаблон:Lang-ar) (Шаблон:Floruit) was a prominent Arab chieftain of the Qays tribal faction in Basra and Khurasan and served as the governor of Khurasan in 675 and 677–679. In the period between his two terms, he continued to wield significant influence in the province alongside the governor Sa'id ibn Uthman. Unlike his predecessors and many of his successors, Aslam did not undertake further conquests from the Khurasan frontier into Transoxiana (Central Asia). Regarding possession of war booty and tribute, he consistently defended the interests of the Arab tribesmen in Khurasan, who made up the core of the Umayyad Caliphate's forces there and insisted on controlling the funds due to the high costs of their military activity, against the demands of the central government in Syria. Aslam was known to have imposed heavy taxation on the population of Khurasan. He was arrested by Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulami, who extracted from him 300,000 silver dirhams. Aslam was later dispatched to suppress a small Kharijite force in Ahwaz in 680/81, but was defeated. His son Sa'id and grandson Muslim also held high office.

Ancestry

Файл:House of al-Sa'iq ibn Amr ibn Kilab.png
Aslam was a descendant of the pre-Islamic chiefs of the Amr branch of the Banu Kilab. He and his son Sa'id and grandson Muslim were based in Basra and held office in Khurasan under the Umayyads

Aslam's father Zur'a was active in the pre-Islamic period (pre-630) and may have been a sharif (Arab tribal nobleman).Шаблон:Sfn Aslam's grandfather was Amr ibn Khuwaylid al-Sa'iq.Шаблон:Sfn His great-grandfather Khuwaylid ibn Nufayl was referred to as 'al-Sa'iq' because he was killed in a lightning strike (sa'iq).Шаблон:Sfn They were chiefs of the Amr section of the Banu Kilab, the leading branch of the powerful Banu Amir tribe in the southwestern Najd (central Arabia).Шаблон:Sfn The mother of Zur'a was al-Ruwa of the Banu Numayr, another branch of the Banu Amir.Шаблон:Sfn His brothers were Yazid ibn al-Sa'iq, a poet and prominent chief of the Amr ibn Kilab,Шаблон:Sfn Ma'bad, Haritha and Alas.Шаблон:Sfn Zur'a fought alongside his tribesmen against the Banu Tamim at the Battle of al-Rahrahan, Шаблон:Circa, but it is not clear whether or not he was slain in the battle.Шаблон:Sfn He was most likely the 'Zur'a' mourned in a poem by Tufayl ibn Awf of the Banu Ghani:Шаблон:Blockquote

Career

Aslam lived in Basra and was a leading tribesman of the Qays, a faction comprising the Banu Amir and other northern Arabian tribes.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He was a supporter of Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, the first Umayyad caliph.Шаблон:Sfn He was sent to Khurasan several times.Шаблон:Sfn According to the 9th-century historian al-Tabari, Mu'awiya's governor of Iraq and the eastern Caliphate, Ziyad ibn Abihi, appointed Aslam and several other Arab tribal nobles as tax collectors in the administration of Khurasan's governor al-Hakam ibn Amr al-Ghifari in 665.Шаблон:Sfn

Governorship of Khurasan

Aslam was appointed lieutenant governor of Khurasan by Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, in 674.Шаблон:Sfn He succeeded Ubayd Allah in 675 when Mu'awiya transferred Ubayd Allah to the governorship of Basra.Шаблон:Sfn Unlike Ubayd Allah and other Arab predecessors in Khurasan, Aslam did not undertake any conquests in the region.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The historian Muhammad Abdulhayy Shaban holds it was likely that Aslam's authority was initially restricted to military matters in the province.Шаблон:Sfn Ubayd Allah had brought back large amounts of war booty and tribute from Khurasan to Mu'awiya to the chagrin of the Arab tribal garrisons. As Khurasan was a frontier province, the launchpad for conquests and raids in Transoxiana (Central Asia), the garrisons incurred a heavy expense in raising armies and engaging in distant campaigns. Thus, with the exception of the customary one-fifth due to the central treasury, the tribesmen insisted that booty and tribute remain in their possession. Mu'awiya, encouraged by the sums brought to him by Ubayd Allah, sought to exert closer control of Khurasan's finances and appointed his own loyalist, Ishaq ibn Talha, to take charge of fiscal affairs. Ishaq he died on his way to Khurasan and Aslam assumed Ishaq's authority, standing in as the tribes' representative with the caliph.Шаблон:Sfn At the time, Mu'awiya was attempting to rally support by the Qays in Syria for the nomination of his son Yazid I as his successor. This may have been his rationale for ignoring the move by Aslam, who maintained significant support from the Qays in Damascus.Шаблон:Sfn

In the following year Aslam was replaced by Sa'id ibn Uthman, who was invested with fiscal and military authority in the province.Шаблон:Sfn As a result of Aslam's influence with the tribesmen, Sa'id was compelled to accept him as his partner over Khurasan.Шаблон:Sfn Aslam and Sa'id entered into disagreements over possession of the war booty following Sa'id's campaigns into Transoxiana.Шаблон:Sfn Aslam refused to give Sa'id the tax revenue he collected from the province to forward to the central government; rather, he delivered it to Ubayd Allah in person in Basra, and lodged a complaint about Sa'id to Mu'awiya.Шаблон:Sfn As a result, Sa'id was obligated leave office in 677 and Aslam was appointed in his place.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Aslam did not launch any conquests, military activity restricted to the annual summer expeditions. In this regard, the historian H. A. R. Gibb referred to him as "indolent".Шаблон:Sfn Aslam was known to have imposed heavy taxes on the population. The inhabitants of Khurasan used the proverb, "More vile than Aslam", to exhibit their disdain for harsh rulers.Шаблон:Sfn

Mu'awiya resolved to restore caliphal authority in Khurasan and appointed Ubayd Allah's brother Abd al-Rahman governor in 679. Abd al-Rahman dispatched ahead of him Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulami, an influential Qaysite leader like Aslam. He arrested Aslam and forced him to surrender 300,000 dirhams.Шаблон:Sfn Abd al-Rahman reasserted central control over the provincial tax revenue and tribute. He was replaced with his brother Salm by Caliph Yazid in 681. Salm recommenced the conquests into Transoxiana and in a likely appeal to the supporters of Aslam in the province, arrested and humiliated Qays ibn al-Haytham.Шаблон:Sfn

Later career

In 680/81 Ubayd Allah, whose jurisdiction by then spanned Iraq and Khurasan, appointed Aslam at the head of 2,000 troops to eliminate Abu Bilal Mirdas ibn Udayya, a Kharijite leader based in Ahwaz.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Kharijites were generally opposed to Umayyad rule and Abu Bilal and forty of his followers had established themselves in Ahwaz where they collected their own levy from the population in defiance of Ubayd Allah.Шаблон:Sfn Aslam engaged Abu Bilal at an Ahwaz village called Asak where the significantly outnumbered Kharijites repulsed Aslam and his troops.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Aslam was ridiculed in the streets of Basra for his defeat, with adults and children chanting against him "Abu Bilal is behind you!"Шаблон:Sfn In response, Ubayd Allah assigned a personal security force for Aslam to suppress such crowds.Шаблон:Sfn Ubayd Allah sent another force against Abu Bilal led by a tribesman of the Banu Tamim, Abbad ibn al-Akhdar, who ambushed and massacred Abu Bilal and his men.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Aslam_ibn_Zur%27a_al-Kilabi&oldid=13281802