Английская Википедия:Aste Nagusia
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Infobox holiday Aste Nagusia or "The Great Week" (Шаблон:Lang-eu, Шаблон:Lang-es) is the main festival of Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain, which is celebrated annually over 9 days beginning on the first Saturday following 15 August, the festivity of the Assumption of Our Lady.
History
The Great Week has been held annually since 1978, and the August celebrations already coincided with the visit of the circus to the city, the fairgrounds, the bullfights, the boxing matches and the traditional dance performances. It is organized according to a particular organizational model between the Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang (groups of citizens that, since 2002, are coordinated by the federation Шаблон:Lang) and the Bilbao City Council. The origin of this model was the organization of a contest of ideas by the department store El Corte Inglés – through Kiko Mochales – for the festival, which was awarded with a monetary prize of a hundred thousand pesetas, in order to introduce a new participatory model that would revitalise the backwards festival that had been established during Francoism. The competition was won by the project presented by Txomin Barullo, currently one of the pioneer festival groups of Bilbao, and consisted of a shared organization between the Council and the Шаблон:Lang, festive troupes from the different districts of Bilbao which represent different contemporary socio-political sensibilities in the city.
The first event of the festival is the Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Lang-eu), the release of a signal rocket, also known as the first bang, which has taken place since 2001 from the balcony of the Teatro Arriaga. This includes the first rocket launched by the txupinera, and the reading of the festival proclamation by the herald.
In 1980, the then Mayor Jon Castañares (from the Basque Nationalist Party) decided that the council would organize the Great Week on their own. As a result of the boycott of the festival groups, which decided in response not to install their festive tents, known as Шаблон:Lang, nor to participate in any event, the council withdrew their model, and the festival week of 1981 resumed the collaborative model from 1978.
In 1983, the Шаблон:Lang had to be suspended due to a severe flooding caused by the overflow of the Nervion-Ibaizabal.
On July 2, 2009, the festival was chosen in a popular vote organized by The International Bureau of Cultural Capitals as one of the 10+2 Intangible Cultural Heritage Treasures of Spain, ranking first.[1]
The festival was cancelled in 2020[2] and 2021[3] due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Groups
The festival groups, known as Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Lang in Basque), are the heart of the Шаблон:Lang of Bilbao. Created with the festival model of 1978, they are troupes of people that come together to energize the festival through the "Шаблон:Lang" or festive tents they install in the El Arenal fairground, with music and different activities during the nine days of the Aste Nagusia. They are associated to different political, social, sport or neighbourhood interests.
In addition to energizing the Aste Nagusia in August, the Шаблон:Lang also invigorate the Carnival festivities in February/March and the Santo Tomás Fair on 21 December. Currently there are 28 troupes, and the longest-running are Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang and Uribarri.
The Шаблон:Lang and the herald
The Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang is responsible for launching the rocket that announces the beginning of the festival from the balcony of the Teatro Arriaga. Each year, she is chosen from the female members of the festival troupe that has been elected in a draw organized by the Coordination of Comparsas, which does not consider the troupes already favored in previous years. The Шаблон:Lang is accompanied in the balcony by the Шаблон:Lang or herald, a prominent figure from or associated with Bilbao who reads the festival proclamation.
In 1981, besides the first bang, the Шаблон:Lang was entrusted with the task of launching another rocket every day of the festival at seven in the morning. In that year, given the significant increase in her work, a "reserve" Шаблон:Lang was chosen, which corresponded to the group Шаблон:Lang, not being repeated since as not considered necessary.
In 1983, with the intention of giving greater prominence to the position, the sculptor José Angel Lasa designed in oak wood the hanger for the rocket, knows as the Шаблон:Lang, as well as the Шаблон:Lang walking stick, in sign of authority, pertaining to their office. They are kept in the City Hall and are handed by the outgoing Шаблон:Lang to the newly elected one every year.
In 1985, the Coordination of Comparsas covered the cost of a specific uniform for the position, designed by Alejandro Gutiérrez. It consists of a red tunic with large shoulder pads, with bright black collar, epaulets and a double row of gold buttons; worsted black skirt, tubed; red beret with the coat of arms of Bilbao embroidery, and black patent leather shoes with white socks. The uniform of the Шаблон:Lang has similarities with the Carlist uniform from the troops that besieged and bombarded during the first Siege of Bilbao, especially its characteristic red beret.
Throughout all the editions of Aste Nagusia, the Шаблон:Lang and heralds were the following:[4]
| Year | Шаблон:Lang | Herald |
|---|---|---|
| 1978 | Ana Isabel Arceniega (Шаблон:Lang group) | Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang groups |
| 1979 | María Jesús Aguirregoitia (Uribarri group) | Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang groups |
| 1980 | Шаблон:N/a | Jon Castañares (Mayor) |
| 1981 | Montse Valerio (Шаблон:Lang group) | Juan Jesus Fernandez de Retana |
| 1982 | Anabel Fernández (Шаблон:Lang group) | Josu Torre |
| 1983 | Alazne Olabarrieta (Шаблон:Lang group) | Iñigo Liceranzu |
| 1984 | María Ascensión Cruces (Шаблон:Lang group) | Txema Noriega |
| 1985 | María Luisa Crespo (Шаблон:Lang group) | Amalia Iglesias |
| 1986 | Manoli Cruces (Шаблон:Lang group) | Natxo de Felipe |
| 1987 | Magdalena Landa (Шаблон:Lang group) | Fernando Egileor |
| 1988 | Itziar Pagalday (Шаблон:Lang group) | Members of the 1978 inaugural festival committee |
| 1989 | Eva Dolado (Шаблон:Lang group) | Boni Fernandez |
| 1990 | Itxaso Goti (Шаблон:Lang group) | Jon Lopategi |
| 1991 | Miren Barrutia (Шаблон:Lang group) | Pello Zubiria |
| 1992 | Txelo Martínez (Шаблон:Lang group) | Marino Lejarreta |
| 1993 | Nerea Ahedo (Шаблон:Lang group) | Alfonso Irigoien |
| 1994 | Josune Bañales (Шаблон:Lang group) | José Ángel Iribar |
| 1995 | Sandra Guzman (Шаблон:Lang group) | Julian Fernandez |
| 1996 | Arantza de Jesús (Шаблон:Lang group) | Alicia Carreño |
| 1997 | Soni Charcan (Шаблон:Lang group) | Unai Iturriaga |
| 1998 | Sonia Villamor (Шаблон:Lang group) | José María Arrate |
| 1999 | Arantza Garbayo (Шаблон:Lang group) | Irkus Robles-Arangiz |
| 2000 | Aitziber Zalbide (Шаблон:Lang group) | Loli Astoreka |
| 2001 | Berta García (Шаблон:Lang group) | Шаблон:Lang dance ensemble |
| 2002 | Lurdes Luke (Шаблон:Lang group) | Bilbao Basket basketball team |
| 2003 | Maite Pérez (Шаблон:Lang group) | Fishermen from Biscay |
| 2004 | Begoña Benedicto (Шаблон:Lang group) | Julio Ibarra |
| 2005 | Aitziber Adell Ateca (Шаблон:Lang group) | Juanjo San Sebastian |
| 2006 | Marta Gerrikabeitia (Шаблон:Lang group) | Mariví Bilbao |
| 2007 | Larraitz Cisneros (Шаблон:Lang group) | Kepa Junkera |
| 2008 | Isabel Isazelaia (Шаблон:Lang group) | Aitor Elizegi |
| 2009 | Sonia Polo (Шаблон:Lang group) | Joseba Solozabal |
| 2010 | Aratz Irazabal (Шаблон:Lang group) | Isidro Elezgarai |
| 2011 | Patricia Lezama (Шаблон:Lang group) | Kirmen Uribe |
| 2012 | Nerea Orizaola (Zaratas group) | Virginia Berasategui |
| 2013 | Jone Artola (Шаблон:Lang group) | Iraia Iturregi (Athletic Club Femenino captain) |
| 2014 | Loreto Errasti (Шаблон:Lang group) | Asier Garcia (Шаблон:Lang wheelchair basketball team captain) |
| 2015 | Oihana Pascual (Txomin Barullo group) | Gurutze Beitia |
| 2016 | Gisèle Felli (Шаблон:Lang group) | Patxo Telleria |
| 2017 | Ane Ortiz (Шаблон:Lang group) | Nati Ovelleiro (Welcome Refugees platform member) |
| 2018 | Saioa Domínguez (Шаблон:Lang group) | Zorion Egileor |
| 2019[5] | Itsasne Núñez (Шаблон:Lang group) | Bea Sever (Naizen Association for Families of Transgender Kids spokesperson) |
| 2022[6] | Iratxe Palacios (Шаблон:Lang group) | Itziar Lazkano |
| 2023[7] | Izaskun Pinedo (Шаблон:Lang group) | Aiora Renteria (Zea Mays band's singer) |
Marijaia
Since 1978, the Шаблон:Lang ("Mary-festival") character is the official symbol of the festival, and since 1997, she has her own song, known as Шаблон:Lang, composed by Kepa Junkera, with lyrics by Basque writer Edorta Jiménez.
Marijaia is characterised as a portable structure in the shape of a plump lady with her arms always raised in celebration. She was created on August 19, 1978, by Mari Puri Herrero, who designed and built it in just five days, after the commission of the Festival Committee.
Music
Concerts are an important part of the Great Week. The official program has included concerts by artists such as Ainhoa Cantalapiedra, Alpha Blondy, Amaral, Ana Torroja, Andy & Lucas, Antonio Orozco, Asian Dub Foundation, Augustus Pablo, Baccara, Barón Rojo, Basque Dub Foundation, Benito Lertxundi, Berri Txarrak, Burning Spear, Carlinhos Brown, Carlos Núñez, Carmen París, Chambao, Chenoa, Chico y Chica, Coldplay, Coti, Dani Martín, Diego Martín, Doctor Deseo, Dover, Egan, El Arrebato, Earth Wind and Fire, El Consorcio, El Mentón de Foggarty, Fangoria, Fito & Fitipaldis, Fundación Tony Manero, Gari, Gatibu, Guano Apes, Hiru Truku, Hombres G, Iggy Pop and The Stooges, Iguana Tango, Ismael Serrano, Jeanette, Jorge Drexler, Juan Magán, Juanes, Karina, Ken Zazpi, Kepa Junkera, La Otxoa, La Mala Rodríguez, La 5ª Estación, La sonrisa de Julia, Liam O'Flynn, Los Del Río, Luar na Lubre, M Clan, Mägo de Oz, Mano Negra, Manu Chao, Marlango, Melendi, Merche Micky, Miguel Bosé, Morodo, Negu Gorriak, Nena Daconte, OBK, Orishas, Pennywise, Pereza, Pet Shop Boys, Pignoise, Potato, Primal Scream, Public Enemy, Reincidentes, Ruper Ordorika, Safri Duo, Santiago Auserón, Sebastián Yatra, Septeto Santiaguero, Sergio Dalma, Simple Minds, Ska-P, Sólo los Solo, Su ta Gar, The Pogues, The Prodigy, Tony Ronald, Tote King, Travis, Turbonegro, Urtz, Violadores del Verso, among others.
Apart from the concerts in the official program, the private initiative – mainly from the festival groups and the hospitality industry – also organize alternative concerts, by artists such of Banda Bassotti, Geronación, La Otxoa, Macarrada, Skalariak, Su ta Gar, El Reno Renardo, among others.
Fireworks
During the festival, the Villa de Bilbao International Fireworks Competition is held; each night a pyrotechnic company shows a program. The festival is closed by an exhibition program.
References
External links
- Official page at the Bilbao website.
- Английская Википедия
- Bilbao
- Annual events in Spain
- 1978 establishments in Spain
- Recurring events established in 1978
- Festivals in Spain
- Summer events in Spain
- Basque festivals
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
