Английская Википедия:Astra C
The Astra C was a 1912 French single engine biplane, manufactured by Société Astra at Villacoublay. In 1913, the Astra CM Hydro-avion three-seat floatplane version was used to make the world's first scheduled passenger-carrying flights.
Design and development
The Astra C was initially designed as a single seat biplane, powered by a single 50 hp Renault engine in tractor configuration. It was constructed primarily as wooden framework sections, covered in canvas and wire-braced. The fuselage was of triangular cross section, with a wheeled main undercarriage plus nose skid and tail skid. The wings were of unequal span, and employed wing-warping for roll control.[1]
The Astra CM was developed from the Astra C, with a more powerful engine and added accommodation for two observers, for military reconnaissance.[1][2][3]
The Astra Hydro, (an Astra CM 'Hydro-avion' (seaplane)), was a further development in 1913, with a Шаблон:Cvt Renault V-12 engine and 3 Tellier floats (2 main floats Шаблон:Cvt, and one small tail float). The wooden frame elements were largely replaced by steel tubes, and the wing ribs and floats were the principal remaining wooden components.[4] at least two were built and an order for two from the Royal Navy (RN), serialled 106 and 107, was not completed.[5]
Operational history
During the St. Malo races, 14-26 August 1912, the first CM Hydro was flown to first place by Labouret. The second CM Hydro, powered by a horizontally mounted Шаблон:Cvt Salmson M.9 water-cooled radial engine, flew at Monaco but crashed.
On 22 March 1913, using at least one Astra CM Hydro-avion, French operator Compagnie générale transaérienne started the world's first scheduled passenger-carrying flights, operating from Cannes to Nice. Two passengers could be carried. On 29 March 1913, the service was extended to Monte Carlo.[6][7]
Variants
- Astra C
- Civil version, with 50 hp Renault engine.[8]
- Astra CM
- Military version, with 75 hp Renault or 75 hp Chenu engine.[8]
- Astra Hydro
- Floatplane version of the Astra CM, with 100 hp Renault engine.[8]
Operators
Specifications (Astra CM)
Шаблон:Aircraft specs Шаблон:Aircontent
References
Bibliography
- Thomas, Andrew. "In the Footsteps of Daedulus: Early Greek Naval Aviation". Air Enthusiast, No. 94, July–August 2001, pp. 8–9. Шаблон:ISSN
Further reading
External links
- Photo Astra CM, Motor 75 hk Renault, Norsk Luftfartsmuseum
- Astra seaplane with Renault V-12 engine (Canada Aviation & Space Museum/Corbis via Getty Images)
- EADS.com - bad link
- Английская Википедия
- 1910s French sport aircraft
- 1910s French military reconnaissance aircraft
- Astra aircraft
- Biplanes
- Single-engined tractor aircraft
- Aircraft first flown in 1912
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
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- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
