Английская Википедия:Ata'ollah Ashrafi Esfahani
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox religious biography Ayatollah Ata'ollah Ashrafi Esfahani (Шаблон:Lang-fa; 1902 – 15 October 1982) was an Iranian religious leader. He was born near Esfahan and educated in Esfahan and at the Qom Seminary. He became a mojtahed when he was 40. After the Islamic Revolution of 1979, he was selected as the Imam Jumu'ah (the chief mullah for Friday prayers) for the city of Kermanshah. He was killed during Friday prayer on 15 October 1982.
Early life
Esfahani was born in 1902 in Khomeyni Shahr (then called Sadeh), a city located some Шаблон:Convert west of the central city of Esfahan. His father, Mirza Asadollah, was a religious scholar; his mother, Lady Najmeh, was a daughter of Sayyed Mohammad Taghi MirDamadi.[1] He is a descendant of one of the Jabal Amel (Шаблон:Lang-ar) scholars who converted to Islam in the early days of Islam; his ancestors then moved to the area near Esfahan.
Education
Esfahani lived in his birthplace, Sadeh (later called Khomeyni Shahr after the Islamic Revolution), until the age of 12. He then attended the Esfahan Hawza (Seminary) for around 10 years, learning from such scholars as Ayatollah Besharati and Hassan Modarres. In 1923, at age 20, he moved to the Qom Seminary to continue his education. At first, he went to the Razawieh Seminary (Шаблон:Lang-fa) for one year, then the Feyzieh Seminary (Шаблон:Lang-fa) for about one more year before starting to study with Abdul Karim Haeri Yazdi. After Haeri Yazdi's death in 1937, he studied under Mohammad Taghi Khansari, Seyed Mohammad Hojjat Kuh-Kamari, and Seyed Sadreddin Sadr. At age forty, he was certified for ijtihad (Шаблон:Lang-fa) by Mohammad Taghi Khansari.Шаблон:Citation needed
When Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi went to Qom, Esfahani studied with him for 15 years.[2]
Relationship with Khomeini
Khomeini said about Esfahani: "This our dear altar martyr that was martyred in last Friday, was the great person who I have devotion towards him. I know this Blessed person almost sixty years."[3][4][5][6] The feelings were apparently mutual; Esfahani said that "No one can be compared with Imam Khomeini."[7] After death of Boroujerdi in 1961, Esfahani tried to declare Khomeini the Grand Marja', replacing Boroujerdi.[8][9][10]
Religious and political activities
Going to Kermanshah
In 1956, Esfahani moved to Kermanshah at Ayatollah Borujerdi's command, to spread the teachings of Islam and reopen the seminary in Kermanshah.[2] In 1963, Khomeini appointed him as his representative in Kermanshah.[11] After the Islamic Revolution on 6 October 1979, Khomeini selected him as Imam Jumu'ah of Kermanshah.[12]
Role in the Islamic Revolution in Iran
Esfahani was one of the followers of Khomeini durng the Iranian Revolution.[9] Commemoration of the demise of Mostafa Khomeini by Esfahani was the base of the revolutionary movement in Kermanshah.[13]Шаблон:Page needed On 5 January 1978, with the publication of an insulting article in the Ettela'at newspaper against Khomeini, there were demonstrations in many Iranian cities, including Kermanshah.[14] Esfahani was the leader of the demonstration in Kermanshah, as well as many others in that city.[13]Шаблон:Page needed
Iran–Iraq war
During the Iran–Iraq War, he went to the war zones and spoke with Iranian soldiers. Also he stressed the importance of the war in sermons during Jumu'ah prayers.[13]Шаблон:Page needed
Trying to unite Sunni and Shia
He tried to unite Sunni and Shia in Kermanshah. To attempt this, he visited Paveh, Javanrood, and Ravansar, the Sunni cities of Kermanshah, and held many meetings with Sunni scholars.[15]
Books
- Al-Bayan
- Interpretation of Qur'an (A brief review of Shia and Sunni interpretations)
- Majma-Al-Shatat
- The books about Muqatta'at
- A book about Imam Mahdi.[16]
Death
On 15 October 1982, after two unsuccessful attempts to kill him,[13]Шаблон:Page needed he was assassinated.
See also
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite speech
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite interview
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 Шаблон:Cite bookШаблон:Page needed
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
