Английская Википедия:Ata Kandó

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Ata Kandó (born Etelka Görög; 17 September 1913 – 14 September 2017) was a Hungarian-born Dutch photographer. Beginning her photography practice in the 1930s with children's photography, Kandó later worked as a fashion photographer, photographed refugees and travelled to the Amazon to photograph landscapes and indigenous people.

In 1959, she won a silver medal in Munich for fashion photography and then in 1991, received the Шаблон:Interlanguage link multi; this was followed in 1998 with the Imre Nagy Prize and that same year, she and her husband received the Righteous Among the Nations, awarded by Israel for saving Jews during the Holocaust. In 1999 she was awarded the Hungarian Photographers Association Lifetime Achievement Award.

Early life

Etelka Görög was born on 17 September 1913 to a family of Hungarian Jewish descentШаблон:Sfn in Budapest to Margit (née Beke) and Imre Görög. Her father was a high school teacher and translator of Russian literature.Шаблон:Sfn He had been a prisoner of war in Russia during the First World War.Шаблон:Sfn Her mother translated Scandinavian literature into HungarianШаблон:Sfn and spoke five languages. Etelka's maternal grandfather Шаблон:Interlanguage link multi (Hungarian style: Beke Manó), was a noted mathematician.Шаблон:Sfn

When she learned to talk, Etelka was unable to pronounce her own name and called herself Ata, which she continued to use into adulthood.Шаблон:Sfn Her parents encouraged their daughter in pursuing an artistic profession. She liked drawing and was enrolled in the Sándor Bortnyik private academy. Other students included the artists Victor Vasarely (Vásárhelyi Győző) and Gyula Kandó (Kandó Gyula). She and Gyula wed in 1931 and moved to Paris, but, due to financial difficulties, the couple returned to Budapest in 1935.Шаблон:Sfn Changing her studies to photography, Kandó began studying with Klára Wachter and Mariann Reismann and then completed an apprenticeship with Ferenc Haár. She completed her exams studying under Шаблон:Interlanguage link multi.Шаблон:Sfn

Career

Kandó and her husband returned to Paris in 1938 and she opened a photography studio between the Louvre and the Palais Garnier with Ferenc Haár's wife.Шаблон:Sfn Primarily focusing on children's photography,Шаблон:Sfn the business began growing, but in 1940 the German invasion of Paris forced the couple's deportation and return to Hungary. Шаблон:Sfn In 1941, Kandó had a son, Tamás, and two years later gave birth to twin daughters, Júlia and Magdolna. Her parents and sister were forced into hiding due to their Jewish heritage, however, as Kandó's husband was not Jewish and the Aryan Spouse Act of Hungary gave her a measure of protection, Kandó was able to move about freely.Шаблон:Sfn

Both she and her husband worked for the resistance during World War II, housing fourteen Jews in their home.Шаблон:Sfn In another case, Kandó gave her identity papers to Bíró Gábor (Gábor Bíró), a pregnant Jewish woman, so that she could enter a Christian maternity hospital to have her baby. After the birth, Kandó pretended the child was her own and provided forged identity papers so that the woman could act as a wet nurse for her own child. Moving multiple times, the Kandó–Bíró household managed to remain undetected until the war ended. Both Kandó and her husband were honored with the Righteous Among the Nations from the State of Israel for assisting Jews during the Holocaust in 1998.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1947, the family returned to Paris and Kandó resumed her photography career with a camera she received from Robert Capa after her own was lost. Capa also hired her to work at Magnum Photos laboratory where she remained until 1952.Шаблон:Sfn Unable to find work in Paris, her husband returned to Hungary in 1949 to seek work so the family could join him, but in late 1949 the Iron Curtain's establishment meant that the family was unable to reunite. Shortly thereafter, Kandó and her husband separated and she fell in love with a 25-year-old Dutch photographer, Ed van der Elsken. The couple lived together for four years before marrying in 1954 and moving to the Netherlands. Less than a year later, however, they divorced and she found herself alone in a foreign country with three children. Turning to fashion photography, she took pictures for well-known Dutch and French fashion housesШаблон:Sfn and travelled with her children making photo shoots throughout the Alps.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1956, Kandó traveled to the Austrian–Hungarian border during the Hungarian Revolution. She wanted to take pictures of the refugees but could not convince any other photographers to go with her. When the Bound Arts Federation (Шаблон:Lang-nl) supported the trip and De Bezige Bij agreed to publish the works, Violette Cornelius joined her. The two women flew to Vienna and took photographs of refugee children, stipulating that the proceeds of the sale go to assist the refugees.Шаблон:Sfn

The untitled book was called The Red Book due to its colour, was shot over three weeks so that it could be released by Christmas. Sales raised over a quarter of a million dollars.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The following year, Kandó published a book called Droom in het woud (Dream in the forest), which featured the holiday trips she had taken in Switzerland and Austria with her children. Her son, Tamás, who was fourteen, wrote the texts to accompany the dream-like images. Several bookstores in the Netherlands refused to sell the book, on the grounds that the dream sequences were too erotic. Kandó returned to fashion photography and obtained a teaching post at a Dutch secondary school.Шаблон:Sfn In 1959, she won a silver medal from Munich for the best fashion photograph of the yearШаблон:Sfn and began working at the Dutch Academy of Arts and Design and Graphic Arts in Utrecht.Шаблон:Citation needed

In 1961, through a fashion model, Barbara Brandlín, who was also working as an assistant to the architect Le Corbusier, Kandó was invited to visit Caracas. She photographed Brandlín inШаблон:Sfn the jungle and through contact with a French priest was able to fly to the interior and take images of some of the native indigenous people. She returned again in 1965 taking more photographs of the Amazon landscape and people.Шаблон:Sfn She was also able to take photographs of Peruvian whalers during the second trip. The South American photographs were featured in National GeographicШаблон:Sfn and some images were purchased by the British MuseumШаблон:Sfn and private collectors.Шаблон:Sfn In 1970, some of them were published in a book called A Hold véréből.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1979, Kandó moved to Sacramento, California to be near her son, now known as Thomas.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She continued working and publishing photographs from the United States for a decade.Шаблон:Sfn Her work was increasingly recognized during this time. She received Pro Cultura Hungarica Medal in 1991. In 1998, Kandó was awarded the Imre Nagy Prize .Шаблон:Sfn That same year, she and her former husband received the Righteous Among the Nations, awarded by Israel for saving Jews during the Holocaust.Шаблон:Sfn In 1999 she was awarded the Hungarian Photographers Association Lifetime Achievement Award.Шаблон:Sfn

Later career

In 1999, Kandó moved to the Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom to be near one of her daughters and then in 2001 returned to the Netherlands, settling in Bergen.Шаблон:Sfn In 2003, she published a second collection of the photographs taken of her children on their holidays between 1954 and 1955. The book had originally been planned for publication as a sequel to Droom in het woud, but because of the poor reception of Droom in 1957, Kandó did not publish at that time. The book, was originally planned to be named Ulysses, but was renamed in 2003 and published as Kalypso & Nausikaä – Foto's naar Homerus Odyssee.Шаблон:Sfn

In 2004, in celebration of her 90th birthday, photographs from the "Red Book" were shown in the Netherlands.Шаблон:Sfn Two years later, Kandó held an exhibition of works in conjunction with the Hungarian Embassy in Berlin in 2006, which also featured were photographs taken in 1956 of refugee children.Шаблон:Sfn In 2013, in conjunction with her 100th birthday, an English and Hungarian translation of Dream in the Forest was released and the Hungarian Museum of Photography held a two-month exhibition featuring her works.Шаблон:Sfn The Dutch Photo Museum held an exhibition in 2014 of her work, along with portraits made by other photographers.Шаблон:Sfn

Death and legacy

Kandó died three days before her 104th birthday on 14 September 2017.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

References

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite news
• Шаблон:Cite news
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite news
• Шаблон:Cite news
• Шаблон:Cite news
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web