Английская Википедия:Ata language
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Infobox language Шаблон:GeoGroupTemplate
The Ata language, also known as Pele-Ata after its two dialects, or Wasi, is a Papuan language spoken on New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. It appears to be related to neighboring Anêm, and possibly also to Yélî Dnye in a proposed Yele-West New Britain family. There are about 2000 speakers.
Ata is spoken in West Pomio-Mamusi Rural LLG, East New Britain Province, and in Talasea District, West New Britain Province.[1]
Dialects
According to Yanagida (2004), there are two dialects of Ata, a Lower dialect spoken in the lowlands and an Upper dialect spoken in the mountains.[2] The Lower dialect is spoken in Bialla Rural LLG, West New Britain Province, while the Upper dialect is spoken mostly in West Pomio-Mamusi Rural LLG, East New Britain Province:[3]
Lower dialect (in Bialla Rural LLG, West New Britain Province):
- Kiava (Old Kiava) (Шаблон:Coord)
- Korovasi
- Malasi (Шаблон:Coord)
- Milikina (Elobe) (Шаблон:Coord)
- Mulusi
- Ole
- Sale (Gogosi) (Шаблон:Coord)
- Sege (Шаблон:Coord)
- Silanga [settlement] (Шаблон:Coord)
Upper dialect (in West Pomio-Mamusi Rural LLG, East New Britain Province, unless noted otherwise):
- Sipa (Bauka), West New Britain (Шаблон:Coord)
- Uasilau [settlement], West New Britain (Шаблон:Coord)
- Kaikou (Шаблон:Coord)
- Lavugi (Шаблон:Coord)
- Luge, West New Britain (Шаблон:Coord)
- Ti (Шаблон:Coord)
- Yauyau (Шаблон:Coord)
- Kukulu (Шаблон:Coord)
Both the lower and upper dialects are spoken in the settlement of Silanga.
There are some lexical differences between the dialects. Some examples are listed below.[2]Шаблон:Rp
gloss Upper Ata Lower Ata rain uali laʔiua sweet potato totoʔo kelatu cassava mio mio, mioxa throw something paxele pei yes iou ani the day before yesterday malakaumei malaʔo 2nd person dual
independent pronounngolou ngongou 3rd person dual
independent pronounolou ilou
Phonology
Phonology of the Ata language:[4]
/s/ is pronounced as alveolo-palatal [ɕ] before /i/, /x/ is voiced as [ɣ] when occurring intervocalically.
A word-initial /i/ is realized as a [j], and a word-initial /u/ becomes a [w] when preceding /o/ or /ɑ/.
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink | Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink |
| Mid | Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink | Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink |
| Low | Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink |
Noun classes
Ata makes use of noun classes, some of which are:[5]Шаблон:Rp
- Class 1 nouns: stationary and function in a state of relative stagnancy
- Class 2 nouns: portable and function in a state of relative motion
- Class 3 nouns: relating to the body’s internal needs
Below are some Ata noun class paradigms, using the noun roots lavo’o ‘stone’ and lexe ‘song’ as examples:[5]Шаблон:Rp
root lavo’o /stone/ ‘stone’ Class 1 lavo'o-silo /stone-my/ ‘my stone to be used for a house’ Class 2 lavo'o-xeni /stone-my/ ‘my stone to be used for breaking nuts’ Class 3 lavo'o-xo /stone-my/ ‘my stone for a stone oven’
root lexe /song/ ‘song’ Class 1 lexe-silo /song-my/ ‘a song to be sung for me’ Class 2 lexe-xeni /song-my/ ‘the song I sing’ Class 3 lexe-xo /song-my/ ‘the song about me’
Vocabulary
Selected basic vocabulary items in Ata:[6]
gloss Ata bird ngiala blood sialuxu bone xine breast susu ear sangalie eat ’ie egg atolu eye iei fire navu give iti; losie go lai ground lia leg tava'a louse meni man aliko moon so'io name uala one vile road, path vote'i see maisou sky loxotolo stone lavo'o sun aso tongue levexe teeth anaxu ilaanu (anaxu = 'mouth') tree aiinu; ovu two tamei water lexa woman sema
See also
References
Further reading
Шаблон:Papuan languages Шаблон:Languages of Papua New Guinea
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Yanagida, Tatsuya. 2004. Socio-historic overview of the Ata language, an endangered Papuan language in New Britain, Papua New Guinea. In Shibata Norio and Shionoya, Toru (eds.), Kan minami Taiheiyoo no gengo 3 [Languages of the South Pacific Rim 3], 61-94. Suita: Faculty of Informatics, Osaka Gakuin University.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvp
