Английская Википедия:Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox Olympic event Шаблон:AthleticsAt1908SummerOlympics

The men's 400 metres was an Olympic event for the fourth time at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. The competition was held from July 21, 1908, to July 23, 1908. The rerun of the final was held on July 25, 1908. The races were held on a track of 536.45 metres=Шаблон:Frac mile in circumference.

37 runners from 11 nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes.[1]

It was the most controversial event of the London Games: the final resulted in the disqualification of American runner John Carpenter who was accused by the British officials of a manoeuvre that was legal under American rules (under which Carpenter normally competed) but prohibited by the British rules under which the race was run.

As part of the disqualification of Carpenter, a second final race was ordered, with Halswelle to face the other two finalists again. These athletes, William Robbins and John Taylor, were both Americans, and they boycotted the re-run final to protest the judges' decision.

Thus, Halswelle was the only medallist in the 400 metres. Шаблон:TOC limit

Background

This was the fourth time the event was held. Only one of the runners from 1904, Paul Pilgrim of the United States, returned. Defending gold medalist Harry Hillman, also American, was in London but competed only in the hurdles. The favorite was British runner Wyndham Halswelle, the 1905, 1906, and 1908 AAA champion.[2]

Belgium, Sweden, and the Netherlands appeared in the event for the first time. The United States made its fourth appearance in the event, the only nation to compete in it at the first four Olympic Games.

Competition format

The competition consisted of three rounds. The first round had 16 heats, ranging from 0 to 4 runners (the second heat was cancelled because no athletes started). Only the top runner in each heat advanced to the semifinals. The semifinal was to consist of 4 heats of 4 runners each, but the final heat had only 3 runners due to the cancellation of the second heat in the first round. Again, only the top runner in each semifinal heat advanced, making a four-man final.[2][3]

Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records (in seconds) prior to the 1908 Summer Olympics.

Шаблон:World Olympic Record

(*) 440 yards (= 402.34 m)

(**) This track was 536.45 metres=Шаблон:Frac mile in circumference.

In the semi-finals Wyndham Halswelle set a new Olympic record with 48.4 seconds.

Schedule

Date Time Round
Tuesday, 21 July 1908 Round 1
Wednesday, 22 July 1908 17:30 Semifinals
Thursday, 23 July 1908 17:30 Final (original)
Saturday, 25 July 1908 12:00 Final (rerun)

Results

Heats

The heats were run on July 21, 1908. The winner of each advanced to the semifinals, with all other runners eliminated.

Heat 1

Montague led by twelve yards when he finished.

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Edwin Montague Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.2 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Paul Pilgrim Шаблон:FlagIOC 51.4

Heat 2

The second heat was scratched as there were no starters.

Heat 3

Ryle had no competition in the third heat.

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Edward Ryle Шаблон:FlagIOC walkover Шаблон:Abbr

Heat 4

Taylor won by twelve yards.

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 John Taylor Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.8 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Roberto Penna Шаблон:FlagIOC 52.4
3 Sven Låftman Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown

Heat 5

Nicol won easily, holding a twelve-yard lead over Guttormsen as he crossed the finish line.

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 George Nicol Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.8 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Oscar Guttormsen Шаблон:FlagIOC 52.4

Heat 6

Eight yards separated the two runners when Malfait crossed the line.

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Georges Malfait Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.0 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Donald Buddo Шаблон:FlagIOC 51.2

Heat 7

Robbins had no difficulty in this race, leading from start to finish to win by six yards.

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 William Robbins Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.4 Шаблон:Abbr
2 József Nagy Шаблон:FlagIOC 51.1
3 Noel Godfrey Chavasse Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown
4 Victor Henny Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown

Heat 8

Prout's lead was only two yards when he finished.

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 William C. Prout Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.4 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Christopher Maude Chavasse Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.7

Heat 9

Ramey's victory was one of the closest of the first round, with only a yard and a half separating him from Astley.

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Horace Ramey Шаблон:FlagIOC 51.0 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Arthur Astley Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown

Heat 10

Jacquemin took an early lead, but pulled up lame, allowing Sebert to win by 20 yards.

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Louis Sebert Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.2 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Massimo Cartasegna Шаблон:FlagIOC 52.7
Victor Jacquemin Шаблон:FlagIOC Шаблон:Abbr

Heat 11

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 John Atlee Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.4 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Alan Patterson Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.6
3 Giuseppe Tarella Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown

Heat 12

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Charles Davies Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.4 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Cornelis den Held Шаблон:FlagIOC 51.0

Heat 13

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Ned Merriam Шаблон:FlagIOC 52.2 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Robert Robb Шаблон:FlagIOC 52.5

Heat 14

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 John Carpenter Шаблон:FlagIOC 49.8 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Otto Trieloff Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.9
3 Arvid Ringstrand Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown
4 Henk van der Wal Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown

Heat 15

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Wyndham Halswelle Шаблон:FlagIOC 49.4 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Frederick de Selding Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.8
3 Bram Evers Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown

Heat 16

Young won by 30 yards.

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 George Young Шаблон:FlagIOC 52.4 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Jacobus Hoogveld Шаблон:FlagIOC 54.3

Semifinals

The semifinals were held on July 22, 1908. Winners advanced, all others were eliminated.

Semifinal 1

Carpenter led throughout, with Davies challenging him at the end. Carpenter was "slowing fast in the last thirty yards" but managed to hold off Davies and win "by three yards."[4]

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 John Carpenter Шаблон:FlagIOC 49.4 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Charles Davies Шаблон:FlagIOC 49.8
3 Ned Merriam Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown
4 G. W. Young Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown

Semifinal 2

Halswelle broke the Olympic record in this semifinal. He took the lead early and "was right away at the half distance," ultimately winning "by 12 yards."[4]

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 Wyndham Halswelle Шаблон:FlagIOC 48.4 Шаблон:Abbr, Шаблон:OlyR
2 Edwin Montague Шаблон:FlagIOC 49.8
3 George Nicol Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown
4 William C. Prout Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown

Semifinal 3

Malfait took the lead at the start. Taylor caught him at 300 yards.[4]

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 John Taylor Шаблон:FlagIOC 49.8 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Horace Ramey Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.5
3 Edward Ryle Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown
4 Georges Malfait Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown

Semifinal 4

Sebert started slow, but then lengthened his stride to pass Atlee and nearly catch Robbins, who held him off to win "by 3 yards."[4]

Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes
1 William Robbins Шаблон:FlagIOC 49.0 Шаблон:Abbr
2 Louis Sebert Шаблон:FlagIOC 49.5
3 John Atlee Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown

Final

The final was initially held on July 23, 1908. After the disqualification of Carpenter, a re-run of the final was scheduled for July 25.

First running

The first final ended with Carpenter winning ahead of Halswelle with Robbins in third, and Taylor last.

Roscoe Badger, one of the British umpires of the event, noticed Carpenter had maneuvered so as to prevent Halswelle from passing him; this was legal at the time under the American rules under which Carpenter normally competed, but prohibited by the British rules that were in effect for the Olympics.

Badger therefore signalled to the judges to declare the race null and void: his decision led to a thirty-minute argument between British and American team members.

At the official inquiry later that day, the judges upheld Badger's complaint, and Carpenter was disqualified. It was also ordered that the final be re-run with Carpenter excluded.

Rank Athlete Nation Time
1 John Carpenter Шаблон:FlagIOC 47.8
2 Wyndham Halswelle Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown
3 William Robbins Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown
4 John Taylor Шаблон:FlagIOC Unknown
Second running

After the judges ruled that Carpenter was disqualified and barred from starting in the re-run, Robbins and Taylor withdrew in disgust.

Halswelle, now assured of the gold medal, won in the only walkover in Olympic track and field history.

Rank Athlete Nation Time
Шаблон:Gold01 Wyndham Halswelle Шаблон:FlagIOC 50.0
William Robbins Шаблон:FlagIOC Шаблон:Abbr
John Taylor Шаблон:FlagIOC Шаблон:Abbr
John Carpenter Шаблон:FlagIOC Шаблон:Abbr

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Olympics400metres

  1. Official report, p. 32.
  2. 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. Official Report, pp. 53–57.
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 Official Report, p. 54.