Английская Википедия:Atractocarpus chartaceus

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Atractocarpus chartaceus, commonly known as the narrow-leaved gardenia, is a species of evergreen flowering plant in the madder and coffee family Rubiaceae. It is mostly found in subtropical rainforest of eastern Australia, and it is cultivated for its fragrant flowers and colourful fruit.

Description

Atractocarpus chartaceus is an understory shrub or small tree growing up to Шаблон:Cvt in height under ideal conditions, with a stem diameter up to Шаблон:Cvt.Шаблон:R The trunk is crooked and asymmetrical at the base. The bark is brownish grey, and relatively smooth with some wrinkles or horizontal cracks. The tips of the branchlets have fawn hairs.

The leaves are dark green and glabrous on the upper surface, and dull grey-green below.Шаблон:R They may be opposite and decussate, or arranged in whorls or 3 or 4.Шаблон:R The juvenile leaves are very long and narrow, measuring up to Шаблон:Convert, while the mature leaves are broadly oblanceolate, measuring up to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:R They have 8-11 pairs of secondary veins (i.e. the veins that branch off from the midrib) which are quite prominent on both surfaces.Шаблон:R The leaves are often marked by the trail of a leaf miner.

This species is dioecious, meaning that functionally female and functionally male flowers are borne on separate plants.Шаблон:R The inflorescences are either terminal or axillary and include one, two or three flowers.Шаблон:R The individual flowers are actinomorphic and either 5 or 6 merous (i.e. with 5 or 6 petals and sepals),Шаблон:R and quite fragrant.Шаблон:R Flowering occurs from August to October.Шаблон:R

The fruits are a berry in botanical terms, measuring Шаблон:Cvt long and Шаблон:Cvt in diameter.Шаблон:R They are orange or red, finely hairy and the remains of the calyx tube is attached at the distal end.Шаблон:R Fruits contain a sweet edible pulp with several Шаблон:Cvt seeds embedded in it.Шаблон:R They ripen from April to August.Шаблон:R

Taxonomy

The German naturalist and Government Botanist for Victoria, Ferdinand von Mueller, originally described this species in 1860 as Gardenia chartacea, publishing it in his work Essay on the plants collected by Mr Eugene Fitzalan during Lieut. Smith's Expedition to the Estuary of the Burdekin.Шаблон:R In 1875 he revised the name in his monumental work Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae, transferring it to a new genus with the combination Randia chartacea.Шаблон:R More than one hundred years later, in 1999, it was revised by botanists Christopher Francis Puttock and Christopher John Quinn who placed the species in its current genus Atractocarpus.Шаблон:R

Etymology

The genus name Atractocarpus is created from the Ancient Greek atractos (spindle) and karpos (fruit). It refers to the shape of the fruit of the type species, Atractocarpus bracteatus. The species epithet chartaceus is derived from the Latin word charta (paper), which is a reference to the thin papery leaves.Шаблон:R

Distribution and habitat

The natural range of the narrow-leaved gardenia is coastal subtropical forests of eastern Australia, from the Richmond River, New South Wales (about 29°S) to Gladstone, Queensland (about 23°S). There is also a small, very disjunct population in Eungella National Park west of Mackay, Queensland (about 21°S), some Шаблон:Cvt to the north.Шаблон:R Puttock surmises that the disjunction is a result of a lack of observations/collections, rather than the plant being absent from the area.Шаблон:R

It is usually found on basaltic and alluvial soils where the annual rainfall is between Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:R

Ecology

Atractocarpus chartaceus has been identified as a host plant for the leaf mining larvae of the genus Gracillariidae.Шаблон:R

Conservation

This species is listed by both the IUCN and the Queensland Department of Environment and Science as least concern.Шаблон:R

Cultivation

Atractocarpus chartaceus has been in cultivation in Australia for some years.Шаблон:R It is an attractive garden ornamental with its glossy foliage, scented flowers and colourful fruit, and the flowers attract a numerous birds and insects to the garden.Шаблон:R It prefers a shady position and good drainage.Шаблон:R. It can be propagated from fresh seed, which may take a few months but is usually successful, or from cuttings of the current season's growth.Шаблон:R

Gallery

• Growing in Wollongong Botanic Gardens, Sept 2020

  Growing in Wollongong Botanic Gardens, Sept 2020

• Flowers and leaves, northern NSW, Sept 2021

  Flowers and leaves, northern NSW, Sept 2021

• Fruit, seen at Natural Bridge, Queensland Apr 2022

  Fruit, seen at Natural Bridge, Queensland Apr 2022

• Developing fruit, Australian National Botanic Gardens, Canberra, Jan 2013

  Developing fruit, Australian National Botanic Gardens, Canberra, Jan 2013

• Leaf-miner damage

  Leaf-miner damage

• Leaf in profile

  Leaf in profile

• Underside of leaf

  Underside of leaf

• Juvenile foliage

  Juvenile foliage

External links

• Шаблон:Wikispecies-inline
• Шаблон:Commons-inline
• View a map of recorded sightings of Atractocarpus chartaceus at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
• See images of Atractocarpus chartaceus on Flickriver