Английская Википедия:Atriplex hymenelytra

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox

Atriplex hymenelytra, the desert holly, is silvery-whitish-gray shrub in the family Amaranthaceae, native to deserts of the southwestern United States.[1]Шаблон:Rp[2]Шаблон:Rp It is the most drought tolerant saltbush in North America.[2] It can tolerate the hottest and driest sites in Death Valley, and remains active most of the year.[2]

The common name refers to the leaves that are shaped similar to holly, but the plants are not related.[1]Шаблон:Rp The toothed leaves and the small reddishШаблон:Citation needed fruits borne on the plant give it a passing resemblance to the unrelated European holly.[3]

Range and habitat

Desert holly grows in alkaline locations such as desert dry wash and creosote bush scrub in the Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert down to Baja California.[1][2][3] In the Sonoran Desert it grows in northwestern Mexico, western Arizona, and southeastern California to southwestern Utah, and can be found at elevations ranging from Шаблон:Convert.[1]Шаблон:Rp

With dry soil, it can survive temperatures as low as Шаблон:Convert; however, it dies if the ground freezes.[4]

Description

Growth pattern

Atriplex hymenelytra is generally a compact, rounded bush, Шаблон:Convert tall, covered in distinctive reflective silver-gray, twisted, oblong, many-pointed leaves.[1]Шаблон:Rp[2] It drops its leaves drought deciduous in extreme drought conditions.

It tolerates alkaline soil, salt and sand.[4] The leaves accumulate salts which helps extract water from the soil when other plants cannot.[4] Salt is shed by dropping the leaves.[4] It can live in up to 30 ppm Boron in solution, compared to most plants which can tolerate only about 1-5 ppm.[4] As with other desert climate members of the genus Atriplex, it uses water conserving C4 photosynthesis, and it removes salts by having bladders in the leaves that keep the salt from the plant cells.[4]

Roots, stems, and leaves

Oval to round, Шаблон:Convert, silvery-gray leaves have a whitishШаблон:Citation needed reflective coating of tiny gray to whiteШаблон:Citation needed scales, and are shaped like twisted or wavy holly leaves, with toothed margins.[1]Шаблон:Rp The silvery color is from salts that collect on surface hairs.[2]Шаблон:Dubious This helps reflect the light and thereby reduce the amount of water lost.Шаблон:Citation needed

Inflorescence and fruit

It blooms from January to April in the Sonoran Desert.[1]Шаблон:Rp

Plants are either male or female in their natural dry, desert habitat.[1]Шаблон:Rp When artificially transplanted to cooler and wetter climates, male and female flowers may occur on the same plant.[2]

Female flowers are green.[1]Шаблон:Rp

Green or red fruits occur in dense clusters enclosed in disc-shaped leaf-like bracts, with the 2 round bracteoles pressed together,[1]Шаблон:Rp after flowering.[3]

Ecology

Шаблон:Empty section

Human uses

Plants were once used as Christmas decorations by drying and dying them.[1]Шаблон:Rp The plants are not a protected species in most habitats.[1]Шаблон:Rp

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons

Шаблон:Taxonbar

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  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 Wildflowers of the Sonoran Desert, Richard Spellenberg, 2nf ed, 2012, Шаблон:ISBN
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 Mojave Desert Wildflowers, Pam Mackay, 2nd ed.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3084,3089,3112 Jepson
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 Atriplex hymenelytra, Las Pilitas Nursery
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