Английская Википедия:Attorney-General (New Zealand)

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The Attorney-General (Шаблон:Lang-mi) is a political and legal officer in New Zealand. The Attorney-General is simultaneously a ministerial position and the chief law officer of the Crown, and has responsibility for supervising New Zealand law and advising the government on legal matters. The Attorney-General serves both a political and apolitical function. The current Attorney-General is Judith Collins.

Responsibilities and powers

The Attorney-General has two main areas of official responsibility. Firstly, the Attorney-General has ministerial jurisdiction over the Crown Law Office, the Parliamentary Counsel Office, and the Serious Fraud Office. Secondly, the Attorney-General is the principal law officer of the Crown, responsible for supervising the state's administration of the law and for providing legal advice to the government. This includes upholding the rule of law and advising on compliance with domestic and international obligations. In the latter role (but strictly not in the former), the Attorney-General is assisted by the Solicitor-General, a non-partisan official. This is to reduce the extent to which the Attorney-General's actions on behalf of the state (as opposed to the government) can be influenced by their political allegiance.

A more complete description of the Attorney-General's powers can be found in the briefings to the incoming Attorney-General prepared by the Crown Law Office (most recently in 2020).

At present, there is no statutory basis which establishes the office of Attorney-General, although the position is referenced by a number of other legal documents, such as the Constitution Act 1986 which allows the Solicitor-General to exercise the functions of the Attorney-General. The functions of the Attorney-General are also described in the Cabinet Manual.

There is no constitutional duty on the government to follow the advice of the law officers. The Cabinet Manual outlines the process by which the legal advice provided by the Attorney-General (and others) may be disclosed.

The Attorney-General is also responsible for advising the Governor-General on who should be appointed judges of the courts of New Zealand.

History

The post of Attorney-General has existed since the separation of New Zealand as a distinct Crown Colony from New South Wales. It is a distinct position from that of Minister of Justice, although the two posts are sometimes held by the same person, for example, Martyn Finlay who held both positions from 1972 to 1975.

Historically, the post could be held either by a politician or by a senior jurist, but today, it is invariably held by a member of Parliament. The Attorney-General is a member of the Executive Council and is usually appointed as a member of the Cabinet. (An exception is when David Lange was appointed Attorney-General outside Cabinet from 1989 to 1990.)

By tradition, persons appointed to the position of Attorney-General have been lawyers. Only two former Attorneys-General have not been lawyers, most recently Dr. Michael Cullen who held the post in 2005 and again from 2006 to 2008. In November 1906, when Albert Pitt died, there were no suitable members of the legal profession in Parliament. Hence Joseph Ward appointed John Findlay to the Legislative Council on 23 November 1906Шаблон:Rp and appointed him Attorney-General and Colonial Secretary on the same day.Шаблон:Rp

The table below is an incomplete listing of New Zealand politicians who have held political appointment as Attorney-General since 1856. It does not show non-political attorneys-general. There were two previous Attorneys-General before responsible government was introduced in New Zealand in 1856: Francis Fisher who held office for less than one year in 1841, and William Swainson who held office until 7 May 1856. Peter Wilkinson was the half-brother of his successor, Jim McLay.

List of attorneys-general

Key

No.		Name	Portrait	Term of office		Prime Minister
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	1	Frederick Whitaker	Файл:Frederick Whitaker, ca 1870s.jpg	7 May 1856	20 May 1856	width=1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Sewell
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	2	William Fox	Файл:Sir William Fox restored.png	20 May 1856	2 June 1856	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Fox
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(1)	Frederick Whitaker	Файл:Frederick Whitaker, ca 1870s.jpg	2 June 1856	12 July 1861	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Stafford
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(2)	William Fox	Файл:Sir William Fox restored.png	12 July 1861	2 August 1861	rowspan=2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Fox
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	3	Henry Sewell	Файл:Henry Sewell, 1860 cropped.jpg	2 August 1861	6 August 1862
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	4	Thomas Gillies	Файл:Thomas Gillies.jpg	6 August 1862	23 August 1862	rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Domett
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(3)	Henry Sewell	Файл:Henry Sewell, 1860 cropped.jpg	23 August 1862	1 January 1863
rowspan=2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(1)	Frederick Whitaker	Файл:Frederick Whitaker, ca 1870s.jpg	1 January 1863	24 November 1864	height=36 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|						Whitaker
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(3)	Henry Sewell	Файл:Henry Sewell, 1860 cropped.jpg	24 November 1864	16 October 1865	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Weld
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	5	James Prendergast	Файл:JamesPrendergast.JPG	16 October 1865	1 September 1876	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Stafford
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(1)	Frederick Whitaker	Файл:Frederick Whitaker, ca 1870s.jpg	1 September 1876	13 October 1877	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Atkinson
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	6	Robert Stout	Файл:Robert Stout, 1885.jpg	13 October 1877	8 October 1879	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Grey
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(1)	Frederick Whitaker	Файл:Frederick Whitaker, ca 1870s.jpg	21 April 1882	25 September 1883	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Whitaker
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	7	Edward Conolly	Файл:Edward Tennyson Conolly, circa 1892.jpg	25 September 1883	16 August 1884	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Atkinson
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(6)	Robert Stout	Файл:Robert Stout, 1885.jpg	16 August 1884	8 October 1887	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Stout
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(1)	Frederick Whitaker	Файл:Frederick Whitaker, ca 1870s.jpg	11 October 1887	24 January 1891	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Atkinson
height=50 style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|	8	Patrick Buckley	Файл:Patrick Alphonsus Buckley.jpg	24 January 1891	20 December 1895	style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Ballance
height=50 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|						style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Seddon
rowspan=3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	9	Albert Pitt	Файл:Albert Pitt.jpg	22 June 1903	18 November 1906	height=30 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|						Hall-Jones
style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|						Ward
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	10	John Findlay	Файл:John George Findlay.jpg	18 November 1906	26 December 1911		style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	-	Josiah Hanan Шаблон:Small	Файл:Josiah Alfred Hanan, ca 1908.jpg	28 March 1912	10 July 1912	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Mackenzie
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	11	Alexander Herdman	Файл:Alexander Herdman.jpg	10 July 1912	4 February 1918	style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Massey
rowspan=3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	12	Francis Bell	Файл:Francis Bell.jpg	4 February 1918	18 January 1926	height=40 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|
height=15 style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|						Bell
height=15 style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|						Coates
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	13	William Downie Stewart Jr	Файл:William Downie Stewart.jpg	18 January 1926	24 May 1926		rowspan=2 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	14	Frank Rolleston	Файл:Frank Rolleston.jpg	24 May 1926	10 December 1928
height=50 style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|	15	Thomas Sidey	Файл:Thomas Kay Sidey.jpg	10 December 1928	22 September 1931	style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	Ward
height=15 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|						style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	Forbes
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	(13)	William Downie Stewart Jr	Файл:William Downie Stewart.jpg	22 September 1931	28 January 1933	rowspan=2 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color;"|
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	16	George Forbes	Файл:George William Forbes.jpg	28 January 1933	6 December 1935
rowspan=2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	17	Rex Mason	Файл:Rex Mason.jpg	6 December 1935	13 December 1949	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Savage
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|						Fraser
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	18	Clifton Webb	Файл:Clifton Webb.jpg	13 December 1949	26 November 1954	rowspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Holland
height=15 style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|	19	Jack Marshall	Файл:Jack Marshall 1951.jpg	26 November 1954	12 December 1957
height=15 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|						style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Holyoake
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(17)	Rex Mason	Файл:Rex Mason.jpg	12 December 1957	12 December 1960	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Nash
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	20	Ralph Hanan	Файл:Ralph Hanan portrait.jpg	12 December 1960	22 December 1969	rowspan="3" style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Holyoake
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(19)	Jack Marshall	Файл:Jack Marshall, 1972.jpg	22 December 1969	2 February 1971
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	21	Dan Riddiford	Файл:Dan Riddiford.jpg	2 February 1971	9 February 1972
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	22	Roy Jack	Файл:Roy Jack.jpg	9 February 1972	8 December 1972	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Marshall
rowspan=2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	23	Martyn Finlay	Файл:Martyn Finlay, 1968.jpg	8 December 1972	12 December 1975	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Kirk
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|						Rowling
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	24	Peter Wilkinson	Файл:No image.png	12 December 1975	13 December 1978	rowspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Muldoon
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	25	Jim McLay	Файл:Conference on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the CTBT - Flickr - The Official CTBTO Photostream (18).jpg	13 December 1978	26 July 1984
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	26	Geoffrey Palmer	Файл:Geoffrey Palmer.jpg	26 July 1984	4 August 1989	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Lange
height=70 style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|	27	David Lange	Файл:David Lange (cropped).jpg	4 August 1989	2 November 1990	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Palmer
height=15 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|						style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Moore
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	28	Paul East	Файл:Paul East crop.jpg	2 November 1990	5 December 1997	rowspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Bolger
height=15 style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|	29	Doug Graham	Файл:No image.png	5 December 1997	10 December 1999
height=15 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|						style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Shipley
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	30	Margaret Wilson	Файл:Margaret Wilson crop.jpg	10 December 1999	28 February 2005	rowspan="4" style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Clark
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	31	Michael Cullen	Файл:Michael Cullen, 2008.jpg	28 February 2005	19 October 2005
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	32	David Parker	Файл:Hon David Parker.jpg	19 October 2005	21 March 2006
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(31)	Michael Cullen	Файл:Michael Cullen, 2008.jpg	21 March 2006	19 November 2008
height=90 style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|	33	Chris Finlayson	Файл:Chris Finlayson-Net Hui 2011.jpg	19 November 2008	26 October 2017	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Key
height=15 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|						style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	English
height=50 style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|	(32)	David Parker	Файл:Hon David Parker.jpg	26 October 2017	27 November 2023	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Ardern
height=15 style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:Шаблон:Party color"|						style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Hipkins
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	34	Judith Collins	Файл:COLLINS, Judith - Papakura (cropped).png	27 November 2023	Incumbent	style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|	Luxon

External links

• Ministerial Briefing describing the role of the Attorney-General