Английская Википедия:Attraction to transgender people
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Шаблон:Transgender sidebarSexual attraction to transgender people has been the subject of scientific study and social commentary. Psychologists have researched sexual attraction toward trans women, trans men, cross dressers, non-binary people, and a combination of these. Publications in the field of transgender studies have investigated the attraction transgender individuals can feel for each other. The people who feel this attraction to transgender people name their attraction in different ways.
Cisgender men attracted to transgender women primarily identify as heterosexual and sometimes as bisexual, but rarely as homosexual, and may even regard their attraction as its own sexual orientation and invent their own terms for it. Transgender individuals often call their attraction to other transgender people T4T and may consider it both a sexual identity and a form of political identity.
Cisgender attraction to transgender people
Despite being referred to as a paraphilia by several researchers in 2008,[1] as of 2013, having a sexual preference for transgender people is neither diagnosable as a mental illness nor as a paraphilic (fetish) disorder.[2]
In 2019, researchers Karen Blair and Rhea Hoskin surveyed over 1,000 people. Gay men were more willing than straight men to date a trans person (12% vs. 3%) and lesbian women were more willing than straight women (29% vs. 2%). Both gay men and lesbian women were much more willing to date a trans person whose gender matched their preferred orientation (i.e. gay men were more willing to date trans men and lesbian women were more willing to date trans women).[3]
Trans women
In their sociological study, Martin S. Weinberg and Colin J. Williams interviewed 26 men sexually interested in trans women (MSTW).[4] 13 identified themselves as heterosexual, and 13 as "bisexual or probably bisexual". The authors opined "These labels only superficially describe their sexual interest,"[4]Шаблон:Rp and noted that the expressed interest in trans women was sometimes used as a basis for denying a more stigmatized self-identity. As an example, they described a case who "said that he was 'bisexual' rather than 'gay' because he was able to think of the trans women as women".[4]Шаблон:Rp
As part of HIV prevention research in 2004, Operario et al. interviewed 46 men in the San Francisco area who had sex with transgender women, but found "no consistent patterns between how men described their sexual orientation identity versus their sexual behavior and attraction to transgender women".[5] Of the sample, 20 of them described themselves as being straight or heterosexual. Some men were definitive about this declaration, while others were hesitant and wondered if they should consider themselves bisexual.
A Northwestern University study recruited 205 men interested in trans women. In that online survey, 51% identified as straight, 41% as bisexual, and the remainder as gay. Also, 55% said their ideal partner would be a cisgender female, and 36% said it would be a trans woman. The study authors concluded that "The interest in trans women appears to be a distinct sexual interest separate from heterosexual men's attraction to women for the majority of men, but there is a substantial minority who may experience it as their sexual orientation."[6]
A 2016 study that used the penile plethysmograph demonstrated that the arousal patterns, genital and subjective, of men who report attraction to transgender women who have "female-typical physical characteristics (e.g. breasts) while retaining a penis" are similar to those of straight men and different from those of gay men. The study showed that these men are much more aroused to female than to male stimuli. They differed from both the groups of straight and gay men, however, in also displaying strong arousal to stimuli featuring trans women, to which they responded as much as to the cisgender female stimuli. Of the men attracted to trans women, 41.7% identified as bisexual, with the remainder identifying as straight. The bisexuals among them did not display significantly more arousal to male stimuli than their heterosexual counterparts, though they did report a higher number of male sex partners.[7]
A 2019 study that asked 958 participants which gender identities they would be interested in dating found that 96.7% of heterosexual men, 98.2% of heterosexual women, 88.5% of gay men, 71.2% of lesbian women, and 48.3% of bisexual, queer, and non-binary participants reported that they would not be interested in dating a transgender person, and the remainder would be interested.[8]
Trans men
In scientific literature, the term andromimetophilic (noun: andromimetophilia) describes an attraction to trans men.[10]
In 2015, The Palgrave Handbook of the Psychology of Sexuality and Gender described a lack of research exploring others' attraction to trans men or nonbinary FTM persons.[11] This is because much of sexual research often centers the "experiences and perspectives of heterosexual males," who generally have sex with trans women rather than trans men.[11]
The traditional understanding of lesbian does not convey attraction to trans men.[12] A lesbian whose partner transitions to a trans man generally identifies as queer rather than lesbian. Similarly, a heterosexual man whose partner transitions to male would generally use the "queer" label as well.[12]
Erotic materials created for people attracted to trans men have become more visible, especially due to pornographic actor Buck Angel.[13] Trans activist Jamison Green writes that cisgender gay men who are partnered with trans men "are often surprised to find that a penis is not what defines a man, that the lack of a penis does not mean a lack of masculinity, manliness, or male sexuality".[14] Gay author Andrew Sullivan has criticized the idea that gay men should necessarily be attracted to trans men, arguing that sexual orientation is based on biological sex, not gender identity.[15]
Terminology
A variety of casual terms have developed to refer to people who are attracted to transgender people. These terms include trans-attracted,[16] trans-oriented,[16] transfan,[17] trans admirer,[16] and trans catcher.[17] The terms transromantic, transamorous and transsensual have also emerged, but have not seen much usage.[18]
The terms tranny chaser[18][17] (often shortened to chaser)[16] and tranny hawk[17] have been used, although tranny is considered a slur by many.[19][20] The term chaser is predominantly used to describe cisgender men who are solely sexually interested in trans women,[16] but it is sometimes used to refer to those interested in trans men as well.[18][16] Transgender people often use the term in a pejorative sense, because they consider chasers to value them for their trans status alone, rather than being attracted to them as a person.[18] However, some claim this term in an affirming manner.[21] Sociologist Avery Tompkins of Transylvania University in Kentucky argued in an article in the Journal of Homosexuality that sex-positive trans politics cannot emerge if terms such as "tranny chaser" inform discussion of attraction to transgender people.[18]
Scientific terms
In scientific literature, the terms gynandromorphophilic (noun: gynandromorphophilia)[7][22][23] and gynemimetophilic (noun: gynemimetophilia)[24][22] are used for men who are attracted to trans women who possess a combination of male and female physical characteristics.
Non-binary people
The terms skoliosexual and ceterosexual have been used to describe attraction to non-binary people.[25][26][27] The terms pansexual and polysexual (as well as bisexual) may be used to indicate that gender variant people are among the types of people to which one is attracted.[25]
T4T attraction
Transgender people may experience sexual and romantic attraction to other transgender people. This attraction is sometimes called T4T ("trans for trans"[28]) or T4T attraction. The word T4T comes from Craigslist personals and forums transgender people used to find other transgender people to date and have sex with.[29] Another term for T4T is "transromantic," though it is rarely used.[30]
There are a variety of reasons why transgender people might date, even prefer to date, other transgender people. Some transgender people prefer dating and having sex with other transgender people because of the violence they fear they might experience from cisgender people.[31] Others feel that dating and having sex with other transgender people allows them the emotional safety and the freedom to explore themselves sexually without others questioning the authenticity of their gender.[32] Others may simply find other transgender people more attractive than cisgender people.
T4T, however, is, for some, not just a preference or a type of attraction. Amira Lundy-Harris, Aren Aizura, and Rachel Anne William also regard T4T political identity as a form of separatism focused on advocating for transgender people in the face of a society that discriminates against them.[33][34]
As an example, in 2022, Canadian actors Elliot Page and Mae Martin attended the LACMA Art + Film Gala as a couple; Martin captioned their photograph with "My King" and "#t4t."[35][36]
In the context of FTM for FTM relationships, a Daddy/boy dynamic can be part of the gender affirmation process, thereby leading to gender euphoria. In 2022, Transgender Studies Quarterly studied the correlation claimed that a Daddy/boy dynamic between trans people "can be read as gender labor; affective and intersubjective work that produces gender".[37][38]
See also
References
Further reading
- Tracie O'Keefe, Katrina Fox, eds., Trans People in Love, Routledge, 2008, Шаблон:ISBN
Шаблон:LGBT slang Шаблон:Gender and sexual identities
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite bookШаблон:Page needed
- ↑ American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC.Шаблон:Page needed
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Richardson, Niall (2010). Transgressive Bodies: Representations in Film and Popular Culture. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Шаблон:ISBNШаблон:Page needed
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 16,5 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 17,2 17,3 Baker, Paul (2004). Fantabulosa: A Dictionary of Polari and Gay Slang. Continuum International Publishing Group, Шаблон:ISBNШаблон:Page needed
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 18,3 18,4 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Staff report (4 January 2010). Paper guilty of transsexual slur. BBC News
- ↑ Lennard, Natasha (7 April 2010). Transgender Film Draws Protests at Festival Site. The New York Times
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite thesis
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 25,0 25,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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