Английская Википедия:August 2008 European tornado outbreak

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Шаблон:Infobox storm The August 2008 European tornado outbreak was a widespread severe weather event which spawned thirteen tornadoes in four countries, one of which killed three people in France. This particular tornado reached F4 intensity.

Tornadoes are amongst the most costly natural hazards in Poland. On August 15, 2008, a tornado resulted in damage to 1624 buildings in the provinces of Opole, Katowice and Łódź. In the aftermath of this disaster, a damage survey was performed which is presented in this paper. While the tornado was passing, the peak gust wind velocities were estimated to be from 52 m/s (187 km/h) to 72 m/s (259 km/h) in the studied area. For low-rise brick buildings, which are common in Poland, some design details for the current building standards are suggested. They can lead to the improvement of building technology used in this type of buildings in order to mitigate the effects of extreme winds, which occur in tornadoes.Шаблон:CN

Meteorological synopsis

On August 3, several areas of low pressure developed. Frontal systems extended from one of the lows, stretching from the Azores to the Germany coastline.

Confirmed tornadoes

August 3 event

List of reported tornadoes - Sunday, August 3, 2008
F#	Location	State	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
Germany
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	N of Langeneß (1st tornado)	Schleswig-Holstein	Шаблон:Coord	1150	unknown	A brief waterspout developed near the coast of northern Germany. The waterspout dissipated before reaching shore.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	N of Langeneß (2nd tornado)	Schleswig-Holstein	Шаблон:Coord	1150	unknown	The second of two waterspouts near Langeneß developed in the same location as the first but briefly tracked onshore, tossing beach chairs before dissipating.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	N of Büsum	Schleswig-Holstein		1300	unknown	A brief waterspout developed near Büsum.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	N of Norderney	Lower Saxony		1453	unknown	A brief waterspout developed near Norderney.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	Goldenstedt area	Lower Saxony	Шаблон:Coord	2115	Шаблон:Convert	The strongest tornado to touch down in Germany during the outbreak struck Goldenstedt. Numerous homes were damaged by the tornado and several trees were uprooted.
Netherlands
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	Oostermeer area	Friesland	Шаблон:Coord	1745	unknown	A tornado tracked for 25 minutes in Friesland and damaged large areas of trees and tore roofs off several homes.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	Groningen area	Groningen	Шаблон:Coord	1845	unknown	A strong F2 tornado damaged or destroyed several homes and barns and uprooted numerous trees. The maximum width of the tornado was estimated at 200 metres. Dozens of people were reportedly injured by the tornado and damages exceeded €100,000.
France
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F4	Hautmont area	Nord	Шаблон:Coord	2200	Шаблон:Convert	3 deaths – See section on this tornado

August 4 event

List of reported tornadoes - Monday, August 4, 2008
F#	Location	State	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
Germany
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	Deckbergen area	Lower Saxony		0258	Шаблон:Convert	A 200 to 300 metre wide tornado damaged several residences.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	Birkenau area	Hesse	Шаблон:Coord	0650	Шаблон:Convert	A brief and narrow tornado damaged several homes and tore bricks off the local firehouse.
Poland
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	Augustów area	Podlaskie Voivodeship	Шаблон:Coord	1400	Шаблон:Convert	A brief rope tornado touched down in Augustów
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	Świdnik area	Lublin Voivodeship	Шаблон:Coord	1510	Шаблон:Convert	A brief rope tornado touched down in Świdnik
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	Jastkowice area	Subcarpathian Voivodeship	Шаблон:Coord	1615	unknown

Hautmont, France

Шаблон:Unreferenced section Шаблон:Infobox storm The tornado initially touched down outside the city of Pont-sur-Sambre, initially causing damage ranging from F0 to F1 in intensity. The tornado then moved through a corn field at 20:28 UTC before causing damage to power lines and roofs of buildings in the northern part of town. The storm rapidly strengthened immediately after hitting Pont-sur-Sambre, reaching F2-F3 strength just about 2 km from the point of touchdown, and a few homes and structures sustained significant damage in this area. At the 20:31 UTC the tornado intensified further and caused major damage to some rural brick homes, one of which was completely leveled to the ground at F4 (T8) strength, and the other sustaining F2 (T4-T5) damage. With winds in excess of 300 km / h (F4), the tornado reached a forested area, debarking or uprooting all the trees within a radius of 150 m. Maintaining its strength, the violent tornado struck Hautmont, flattening multiple brick homes and structures, killing 3 people, and injuring 18 others. Numerous other homes and some apartment buildings had major structural damage, and a sports complex was also severely damaged. Multiple cars were picked up and thrown hundreds of meters, some of which were hurled into buildings, and large trees were denuded and debarked. Small objects from town were also found tens of kilometers away. At 20:35 the weakening but still strong tornado arrived in Maubeuge, causing damage of F2 (T4/5) and F1 (T2/T3) strength, destroying a church tower and damaging many other buildings. At 20:40 the tornado began to shrink in size and strength, causing F0 damage to some trees and structures before finally dissipating at 20:42 not far from the border of Belgium.

The tornado remained on the ground for about 14 minutes with a displacement speed of about 40–50 km/h and winds that have exceeded 300 km / h along a total path of 18.7 km, killing 3 people and damaging or destroying about 1000 buildings with a width of 150m-200m.

See also

• Tornadoes of 2008

External links

• Damage report with photographs of destroyed houses (PDF) (French)