Английская Википедия:August Sander

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox artist August Sander (17 November 1876 – 20 April 1964) was a German portrait and documentary photographer.[1][2] His first book Face of our Time (German: Antlitz der Zeit) was published in 1929. Sander has been described as "the most important German portrait photographer of the early twentieth century".[3] Sander's work includes landscape, nature, architecture, and street photography, but he is best known for his portraits, as exemplified by his series People of the 20th Century. In this series, he aims to show a cross-section of society during the Weimar Republic.

Early life

Sander was born on 17 November 1876, in Herdorf, the son of a carpenter working in the mining industry.[4] He had six siblings.[4]

Career

While working at the local Herdorf iron-ore mine, Sander first learned about photography by assisting a photographer from Siegen who was also working for the mining company.[4] With financial support from his uncle, he bought photographic equipment and set up his own darkroom.[4]

Sander spent his military service (1897–1899) as an assistant to Georg Jung of Trier; they worked throughout Germany including in Berlin, Magdeburg, Halle, Leipzig and Dresden.[4] In 1901, he started working for Photographische Kunstanstalt Greif photo studio in Linz, Austria-Hungary, becoming a partner in 1902, and then sole-owner.[4] In the late 1940s he joined the Upper Austrian Art Society.[4] Sander left Linz at the end of 1909 or 1910[4] and set up a new studio at Dürener Strasse 201 in the Lindenthal district of Cologne.[4]

Шаблон:AnchorIn 1911, Sander began with the first series of portraits for his work Шаблон:Ill. In this series, he aims to show a cross-section of society during the Weimar Republic. The series is divided into seven sections: The Farmer, The Skilled Tradesman, Woman, Classes and Professions, The Artists, The City, and The Last People (homeless persons, veterans, etc.).[5][6]

Файл:German Deciduous Forest, Krefeld.jpg
German Deciduous Forest, Krefeld (1939), The Phillips Collection

In the early 1920s, he came in contact with the Cologne Progressives, a radical group of artists linked to the workers' movement, which, as Wieland Schmied put it,

"sought to combine constructivism and objectivity, geometry and object, the general and the particular, avant-garde conviction and political engagement, and which perhaps approximated most to the forward looking of New Objectivity [...] ".[7]

In 1927, Sander and writer Ludwig Mathar travelled through Sardinia for three months,[4] where he took around 500 photographs. However, a planned book detailing his travels was not completed.

Sander's Face of our Time was published in 1929.[4] It contains a selection of 60 portraits from his series People of the 20th Century, and is introduced by an essay by Alfred Döblin titled "On Faces, Pictures, and their Truth". Under the Nazi regime, his work and personal life were greatly constrained. Sander's 1929 book Face of our Time was seized in 1936 and the photographic plates destroyed.[4]

Around 1942, during World War II, he left Cologne and moved to the small village of Kuchhausen, in the Westerwald region; this allowed him to save the most important part of his body of work. His Cologne studio was destroyed in a 1944 bombing raid, but tens of thousands of negatives, which he had left behind in a basement near his former apartment in the city, survived the war. Шаблон:Val to Шаблон:Val negatives in this basement were then destroyed in a 1946 fire.[4] That same year, Sander began his postwar photographic documentation of the city. He also tried to record the mass rape of German women by Red Army soldiers in the Soviet occupation zone.[8]

In 1953, Sander sold a portfolio of 408 photographs of Cologne, taken between 1920 and 1939, to the Kölnisches Stadtmuseum. These would be posthumously published in book format in 1988, under the title Köln wie es war (Cologne as it was).

In 1962, 80 photographs from the People of the 20th Century project were published in book format, under the name Deutschenspiegel. Menschen des 20. Jahrhunderts (German Mirror. People of the 20th Century).

Personal life and death

Sander married Anna Seitenmacher in 1902. They gave birth to Erich (son, born in 1903) and Gunther (son, born in 1907), and girl twins in 1911, Sigrid and Helmut, only Sigrid survived.[4] Anna died on 27 May 1957, in Kuchhausen, Germany.[4]

Erich, who was a member of the left wing Socialist Workers' Party (SAP), was arrested by Nazis in 1934 and sentenced to 10 years in prison, where he died of an untreated ruptured appendix in 1944,[4] shortly before the end of his sentence.[9]

Файл:Gedenktafel August Sander.jpg
Memorial plaque at his residence in Cologne
Файл:Grave-of-August-Sander---Melaten---Cologne---R0010655 - Michael Foerster RSMP.jpg
Sander's grave, Melaten Cemetery, Cologne

Sander died in Cologne of a stroke on 20 April 1964. He was buried next to his son Erich in Cologne's Melaten Cemetery.[9]

Legacy

In 1984, Sander was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum.[10]

In Wim Wenders' 1987 film Шаблон:Lang ("Wings of Desire"), the character Homer (played by Curt Bois) studies the portraits of People of the 20th Century (1980 edition) while visiting a library.

In 2008, the Mercury crater Sander was named after him.[11]

The highest price reached by one of his photographs was when Bricklayer sold by $Шаблон:Val at Sotheby's New York, on 11 December 2014.[12][13]

Ownership rights

In 1992, Gerd Sander, August's grandson, sold the archive to German nonprofit art foundation SK Stiftung Kultur.[14] It is on display at Die Photographische Sammlung/SK Stiftung Kultur.[9]

In 2017, Julian Sander, Gerd's son, claimed to represent August's estate, and issued a press release stating that the archive would now be housed by Hauser & Wirth.[15] The claim has been disputed by SK Stiftung Kultur,[16][17] and the ownership dispute is still ongoing.[9]

In 2022, Julian Sander made available non-fungible tokens (NFTs) of the entire Шаблон:Val archive of Sander negatives on NFT platform OpenSea. Buying a Sander NFT was free apart from initial upload fees. However for all resale transactions thereon, via a smart contract Julian Sander would receive 7.5% of the resale cost and photographer Alejandro Cartagena's Fellowship Trust would receive 2.5%. All NFTs in the collection were claimed and, within a few weeks, over 400 ETH was traded in secondary sales on OpenSea. Soon and without warning, the archive was delisted from OpenSea because SK Stiftung Kultur claimed that as it owns the copyright to Sander's work until 2034, the NFT collection is thus in violation of copyright law. Julian Sander argues that the doctrine of fair use allows him to publish the images in such commercial settings.[9][18]

Publications

Collections

Sander's work is held in the following permanent collection:

Exhibitions

See also

Шаблон:Commons category

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:August Sander Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Michael Collins, Record Pictures (Thomas Telford Publishing, 2004), p. 1842
  4. ↑ 4,00 4,01 4,02 4,03 4,04 4,05 4,06 4,07 4,08 4,09 4,10 4,11 4,12 4,13 4,14 4,15 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Wieland Schmied: "Neue Sachlichkeit. Der deutsche Realismus der zwanziger Jahre", in: Kritische Grafik in der Weimarer Zeit, Op. cit., p. 21. As cited in: August Sander 1876–1964. Lange, Susanne, p. 108. Шаблон:ISBN
  8. ↑ Naimark, Norman M. (1995). The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949. Cambridge: Belknap Press. p. 74.
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ "Mercury Features Receive New Names" Шаблон:Webarchive by Paulette Cambell, press release Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University (2008-04-28)
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Alex Greenberger (2017-02-09), Hauser & Wirth Now Represents the Estate of August Sander ARTnews.
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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