Английская Википедия:August W. Eichler
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox scientist
August Wilhelm Eichler, also known under his Latinized name, Augustus Guilielmus Eichler (22 April 1839 – 2 March 1887), was a German botanist who developed a new system of classification of plants to reflect the concept of evolution. His author abbreviation in botany is Eichler.
Biography
Born in Neukirchen, Hesse, Eichler studied at the University of Marburg, Germany, and in 1871 became Professor of Botany at Technische Hochschule (Technical University) of Graz and director of the botanical garden in that city.Шаблон:Ref In 1872 he received an appointment at the University of Kiel, where he remained until 1878 when he became director of the herbarium at the University of Berlin. He died in Berlin on March 2, 1887, of leukaemia.
Eichler made important contributions to the study of the comparative structure of flowers (mainly on floral symmetry in his work Blütendiagramme). He wrote extensively on the Coniferae, Cycadaceae and other plant groups of Brazil.Шаблон:Ref
Eichler System
The Eichler System divided the plant kingdom into non-floral plants (Cryptogamae) and floral plants (Phanerogamae). It was the first to accept the concept of evolution and therefore also the first to be considered phylogenetic.Шаблон:Ref Moreover, Eichler was the first taxonomist to separate the Phanerogamae into Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and the former into Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae.Шаблон:Ref
The Eichler system was the foundation for Adolf Engler's System and was widely accepted in Europe and other parts of the world.
Works
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel 1876.
- Subsequent editions published as Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik, 2nd ed. 1880, 3rd ed. 1883, 4th ed. 1886, 5th 1890
- Flora Brasiliensis (Flora of Brazil) editor after death of Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1868 until 1887, succeeded by Ignatz Urban (Available online at Botanicus.org Website)
- Beiträge zur Morphologie und Systematik der Marantaceen (1884)
- Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Palmenblätter (1885)
- Caroli Frid. Phil. Martii Flora Brasiliensis, sive
- Flora Brasiliensis, enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum :quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas /ediderunt Carolus Fridericus Philippus de Martius et Augustus Guilielmus Eichler ; iisque defunctis successor Ignatius Urban ; with Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von, 1794-1868, Endlicher, István László, 1804-1849, Fenzl, Eduard, 1808-1879, Mary, Benj, Oldenburg, R.Urban and Ignaz, 1848-
See also
Notes
- Шаблон:Note Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Note Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Note Author Details: Eichler, August Wilhelm (1839-1887). International Plant Names Index.
- Шаблон:NoteШаблон:Cite Americana
Bibliography
- August Wilhelm Eichler. Encyclopædia Britannica
- August Wilhelm Eichler. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 23, No. 2 (May, 1887 - May, 1888), pp. 355-356 Obituary
- History of Taxonomy: 1875-1926
- Annals of Botany 1887 Biography and list of publications
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
- Flora Brasiliensis On-Line. In Portuguese and English (launch date 22 March 2006).
- View digitized titles by August Wilhelm Eichler in Botanicus.org
- Английская Википедия
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