Английская Википедия:Aushi language

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language

Aushi, known by native speakers as Ikyaushi, is a Bantu language primarily spoken in the Lwapula Province of Zambia and the (Haut-)Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Although many scholars argue that it is a dialect of the closely related Bemba, native speakers insist that it is a distinct language. Nonetheless, speakers of both linguistic varieties enjoy extensive mutual intelligibility, particularly in the Lwapula Province.[1]

Phonology

Aushi distinguishes consonants according to five manners and four places of articulation.[1] Although nasal consonants are individually phonemic, prenasalized consonants also arise in conjunction with the voiced and voiceless counterparts of the plosives, affricates, and fricatives.[1]

Consonants[1]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
Plosive/
Affricate
plain Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
prenasal voiceless Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
voiced Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
Fricative plain voiceless Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
voiced Шаблон:IPAlink
prenasal Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
Lateral Шаблон:IPAlink
Approximant Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink

Aushi has five canonical vowels that are distinguished segmentally according to vowel height and backness and suprasegmentally according to length (short/long) and tone (low/high).[1] The front and central vowels are unrounded, while the back vowels are rounded. In environments where vowels arise before a nasal consonant, the vowels may adopt nasality, but this is not a distinctive feature, i.e. it is phonetic, not phonemic.[1]

Vowels[1]
Front Central Back
short long short long short long
High Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
Mid Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
Low Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink

Grammar

Nominal Classes[1][2][3]
Class Proto-Bantu Augment Prefix Example Gloss
1a *mo- u- mu- umuntu "person"
1b *∅- ∅- ∅- mayo "mother"
2 *βɔ-, *βa- a- ba- abantu "people"
3 *mo- u- mu- umuti "tree"
4 *me- i- mi- imiti "trees"
5a *le- i- shi- ishina "name"
5b *le- i- ∅- isabi "fish"
6 *ma- a- ma- amana "names"
7 *ke- i- ki- ikitabu "book"
8 *βi-, *li- i- fi- ifitabu "books"
9 *ne- i- N- imfinsi "darkness/night"
10 *li-ne i- N- insiku "days"
11 *lʊ- u- lu- ulutambi "proverb"
12 *ka- a- ka- akalulu "rabbit"
13 *to- u- tu- utunwa "mouths"
14 *βo- u- bu- ubwaato "canoe"
15a *ko- u- ku- ukuya "to go"
15b *ko- u- ku- ukuboko "arm"
16 *pa- ∅- pa- pa ng'anda "in (the/a) house"
17 *ko- ∅- ku- ku mushi "to (the/a) market"
18 *mo- ∅- mu- mu sukulu "in/inside (the/a) school"

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

  • Bickmore, Lee. 2018. "Contrast Reemergence in the Aushi Subjunctive." Africana Linguistica, 24: 123-138.
  • Doke, Clement Martyn. 1933. "A Short Aushi Vocabulary." Bantu Studies 7(1): 284-295.
  • Ilunga, Nkimba Kafituka. 1994. Les Formes Verbales de l’Ikyaushi, M42b. Unpublished MA thesis. Institute Supérieur Pédagogique de Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo.
  • Kankomba and Twilingiyimana. 1986. "M421 Aushi." Tervuren, Belgium: Annales, Sciences Humaines, Royal Museum for Central Africa.
  • Spier, Troy E. 2016. "A Survey of the IcAushi Language and Nominal Class System." Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States (LACUS).
  • ———. 2020. A Descriptive Grammar of Ikyaushi. Ph.D. dissertation, Tulane University, USA.
  • ———. 2021. "Four Trickster Tales in Ikyaushi." World Literature Today, Autumn: 68-71.
  • ———. 2022. "Nominal Phrase Structure in Ikyaushi (M.402)." Studies in African Languages and Cultures, 56: 31-47.

Шаблон:Narrow Bantu languages

Шаблон:Authority control