Английская Википедия:Australia 108

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Australian English Шаблон:Infobox building

Australia 108 (previously 70 Southbank Boulevard) is a residential supertall skyscraper in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Having officially topped out in June 2020, it became the tallest building in Australia by roof height, surpassing the Eureka Tower, and the second-tallest building in Australia by full height, surpassed by Q1 Tower.[1]

The World Class Land[2] development project consists of a Шаблон:Convert apartment building with 1,105 apartments over 100 floors. Construction of the revised Fender Katsalidis Architects–design by Brookfield Multiplex commenced in 2015 and was completed in 2020.

Prior to its current form, plans were initially for a 72–level residential building with a height of Шаблон:Convert. In 2012, these plans were revised and resubmitted in favour of mixed–use residential and hotel skyscraper, reaching Шаблон:Convert and comprising 108 levels. This proposal was approved by the Government of Victoria in March 2013; however, it was shelved four months later after it struggled to meet conditions imposed by state and federal government authorities including VicRoads and the Civil Aviation Safety Authority.

Site

The 70 Southbank Boulevard site is situated on the corner of City Road and Southbank Boulevard in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne. The land comprised two separately titled buildings, both of which had two levels. The buildings had a total net lettable area of Шаблон:Convert, on a land area of Шаблон:Convert.[3]

The site was purchased by architecture firm Fender Katsalidis Architects in April 2008, for Шаблон:AUD14.2 million, after the original tenancies ran an expression of interest campaign.[4]

Previous proposals

First proposal at 70 Southbank Boulevard (2009–2012)

In 2009, plans were submitted by Fender Katsalidis Architects to the City of Melbourne for an Шаблон:AUD400 million residential building to be built on the 70 Southbank Boulevard site. In its original proposal, the building, 70 Southbank Boulevard,[5] was planned to be Шаблон:Convert in height and consist of 532 residential apartments, six levels of office space, a fresh food market and other retail amenities, spanning 72 floors.[6] The building was designed to replicate the nearby Eureka Tower, also a Fender Katsalidis development.[6] Nonda Katsalidis noted that his firm "wanted to re-create elements of what we had achieved at Eureka and apply it to 70 Southbank Boulevard" with the Eureka Tower.[6]

The building development was approved by then–Victorian Planning Minister Justin Madden on 21 April 2010,[7] a decision which received backlash from the City of Melbourne council, dubbing the development as "excessively high" and "at odds with the City of Melbourne's height guidelines for the area". In May 2010, the council lodged an appeal to the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) to have the building permit overturned, asserting that the building surpassed the Шаблон:Convert height limit in the area's planning scheme.[8] VCAT rejected the appeal and noted that the planning scheme did not specify a maximum height.[9]

Nonetheless, in July 2012, the site was put up for sale through an international public expression of interest campaign and was listed at A$25 million. This was to allow the Fender Katsalidis partners time to "go in different directions".[6][10]

Second proposal with 'Australia 108' moniker (2012–2013)

In November 2012, Katsalidis revealed revised plans for the building which would have seen it "super-sized" to Шаблон:Convert in height, with 108 floors. The new proposal integrated the previous plans, but went on to include more residential apartments, a six-star hotel, and a two-storey star-shaped sky lobby with restaurants and bars.[11][12][13]

Файл:Australia 108, original proposal in 2012.png
A render for Australia 108, as initially proposed in 2012.

The residential section of the skyscraper would have comprised 646 apartments, throughout levels 13 to 81.[14][15] This included a penthouse apartment on levels 80 and 81.[15] Meanwhile, the hotel aspect of the skyscraper would have occupied levels 83 to 102 and feature 288 rooms.[15] A prominent component of this proposal was its star-shaped sky lobby on the 83rd and 84th floors, which would have protruded Шаблон:Convert outside of the building, in similar vein to the Eureka Tower's Edge experience, only larger.[16] The Commonwealth Star on the Flag of Australia was used as inspiration for the "starburst".[17][18] Another design feature was the use of two metal-cladded beacon towers atop the skyscraper's roof.[14][15] Whilst Australia 108's main roof would have terminated at level 104, the two beacons of varying heights –the taller rising to Шаблон:Convert above ground– would have comprised levels 105 to 108.[15] A cantilevered 'skybar' forming level 108, was to be hoisted between the beacons at approximately Шаблон:Convert above ground.[15]

Fender Katsalidis Architects incorporated the Chinese system of geomancy, known as Feng shui, when developing the new proposal. The building's name, height and top floor all contain the number 8, which "relates to prosperity, abundance and security".[19]

The new proposal was subjected to a second planning application process for approval.[11] On 5 March 2013, the City of Melbourne council voted to oppose the development, citing it as an "over-development of the site".[20] The Lord Mayor of Melbourne, Robert Doyle, a Shrine of Remembrance trustee, argued that the building would exceed the council's planning scheme in the area by almost Шаблон:Convert and it could potentially create a Шаблон:Convert shadow over the Shrine of Remembrance. However, the Shrine's CEO, Denis Baguley, believed otherwise, stating, "I don't believe there are issues of overshadowing that will concern us." VCAT had already approved the project, but the final decision was up to Victorian Planning Minister Matthew Guy.[21]

Despite concerns, the project received its final approval on 18 March 2013 by Guy, who went on to describe the development as "a magnificent addition to Melbourne's skyline. Australia 108 will be a signature development that will define Melbourne for decades to come."[22][23][24]

The project was put on the market on 20 April 2013.[25]

Construction on the 1 billion dollar development[22][26] was to have commenced in 2014, and would have taken three to four years to build, with completion around 2018.[27][28] The construction was expected to have created 300 jobs in construction and hospitality industries.[22][29] Upon completion, Australia 108 would have become the tallest building in Australia – surpassing The Gold Coast's Q1 Tower at Шаблон:Convert and Melbourne's Eureka Tower at Шаблон:Convert[30] – and would have therefore been the tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere,[22] and the only such building to have over 100 floors.

In April 2013, it was reported that Australia 108 would have infringed on federal regulations protecting aircraft safety, known as PANS-OPS, particularly in regard to aircraft departing and arriving at Essendon Airport, located some Шаблон:Convert to the north of the project site.[31] At the time, it was claimed that the tower would have extended Шаблон:Convert into Essendon Airport's flight path "envelope," whose southerly approach requires a Шаблон:Convert height limit to any potential obstruction within Шаблон:Convert of the airfield.[31] When asked about this situation, architect Nonda Katsilidis claimed that the flight paths would not be a problem, and that a technical solution could be drawn up if required. He also stressed that any design changes would be "minimal".[31]

Despite this, the project (in its original form) was officially shelved in July 2013, following its inability to meet a "hybrid of requirements" from authorities such as VicRoads and CASA - the latter of which stated that there was "no flexibility" to approve a building that breached height restrictions.[32][33] Consequently, Planning Minister Guy held talks with Deputy Prime Minister Warren Truss, regarding the height restrictions on inner city buildings.[33]

Final iteration (2013–present)

Planning, design, and approval

Файл:Australia 108 starburst in April 2021.png
The "starburst" occupying levels 69 to 71 of Australia 108. As viewed from the Melbourne Skydeck, Eureka Tower, in April 2021.

The project was bought for approximately $30 million by Singapore developer Aspial Corporation, during late 2013. Plans were later resubmitted to the Department of Planning in 2014, for a new proposal; a 100-storey, Шаблон:Convert-tall apartment tower, to comprise 1,105 apartments (a gain of 500 from the previous proposal).[34][35] The hotel from the superseded design was removed from the plans, making the project solely residential.[35] The star-shaped sky lobby feature from the previous proposal was incorporated in the design of the building, albeit with various purposes (as opposed to a public observation), and would be located on levels 69 through to 71.[36][37]

Approval for this proposal was granted by Minister Guy on 25 June 2014.[35]

Launch

Australia 108 was launched to the public on 14 February 2015,[38] having already secured up to 300 buyers during a soft pre-launch period.[39] Less than a month following its launch, 1,000 of the 1,105 apartments had been sold.[40] This includes the sale of the penthouse spread across the 100th floor — the "tallest" home in the southern hemisphere. It was sold for A$25 million, an Australian record at the time, to a businessman based in China.[41] By July 2015, almost all of the apartments were sold[42] and in October 2015 only 33 apartments remained on the market. The cheaper apartments on the lower storeys sold for $450,000.[43]

Construction and completion

Файл:Technical heights for Australia's tallest buildings.png
Australia 108, in between Q1 Tower (left) and Eureka Tower (right).

The initial aspect of the construction phase, demolition and site preparation, was completed in early 2015.[44][45] Construction on the $900 million residential skyscraper itself, commenced in October 2015, with work on the skyscraper's foundation having concluded in July 2016.[43][46] In September 2015, Aspial Corporation announced their formal appointment of Brookfield Multiplex as the main contractor of Australia 108.[47] Kone, an international engineering and service company, secured an order to supply 13 elevators to Australia 108 in March 2016.[48] By April 2018, the building's core reached its 50th level – marking the halfway point of the skyscraper.[49]

The skyscraper was completed in 2020 and underwent construction in 5 stages:[49]

Stages Description Completion
1 up to level 40; 491 apartments late 2018
2 up to level 56; 252 apartments mid 2019
3 up to level 66; 162 apartments mid 2019
4 up to level 86; 120 apartments early 2020
5 up to final level (100); 80 apartments mid 2020

In June 2020, the skyscraper had topped-out at level 100, and by late 2020 construction concluded.[1] Upon completion, Australia 108 claimed the following height distinctions from Eureka Tower: the tallest building in Melbourne and the tallest building in Australia to roof. Additionally, it became the second–tallest building in Australia overall, surpassed by Q1 Tower on the Gold Coast.[50] The latter skyscraper reaches Шаблон:Convert in height via its spire,[51] which is included in the first method (height to architectural top) and third method (height to tip) of ranking the heights of tall buildings according to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH).[52] Nonetheless, Australia 108 is ranked the tallest building in Australia based on the second CTBUH method (highest occupied floor),[52] with its highest occupied floor at Шаблон:Convert[46] — compared to the second tallest, Eureka Tower at Шаблон:Convert,[53] and Q1 Tower at Шаблон:Convert.[51] Furthermore, Australia 108 is the Southern Hemisphere's only building with at least 100 floors,[33][34] and only the second residential skyscraper in the world to comprise at least 100 floors, after the Princess Tower in Dubai.[54]

Gallery

See also

Шаблон:Stack

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category 

         Шаблон:Tallest buildings in Australia

Шаблон:Melbourne tall buildings

Шаблон:Supertall skyscrapers Шаблон:Melbourne Skyscrapers Шаблон:Melbourne City Centre landmarks

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 15,3 15,4 15,5 Meinke, Angela. (5 March 2013). "Proposed Ministerial Planning Scheme Amendment C194, ‘Australia 108’ Project – Future Melbourne (Planning) Committee Report" Шаблон:Webarchive. Future Melbourne (Planning) Committee. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  16. ↑ Australia 108 - About Шаблон:Webarchive. Australia108.com.au
  17. ↑ (13 February 2013). "'Super tower’ planned for Melbourne" Шаблон:Webarchive. Meeting the World. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  18. ↑ Vazifdar, Lena. (21 March 2013). "World's Tallest Building in the Southern Hemisphere to Be Built in Melbourne, Australia" Шаблон:Webarchive. Travelers Today. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  19. ↑ Vedelag, Chris. (20 March 2013). "Feng shui lures Asian 108 buyers" Шаблон:Webarchive. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  20. ↑ Masanauskas, John. (5 March 2015). "City councillors vote to oppose plans for a tower that could put Shrine of Remembrance in shadows" Шаблон:Webarchive. Herald Sun. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  21. ↑ Masanauskas, John. (28 February 2013)"Lord Mayor Robert Doyle casts doubt on titanic tower he says could put Shrine of Remembrance in shadows" Шаблон:Webarchive. Herald Sun. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 22,3 Masanauskas, John. (17 March 2013). "Planning Minister Matthew Guy approves Australia 108 project for Southbank" Шаблон:Webarchive. Herald Sun. 25 May 2015
  23. ↑ (18 March 2013). "Tallest building in southern hemisphere approved" Шаблон:Webarchive. ABC News. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  24. ↑ Vedelago, Chris. (18 March 2013). "Southbank mega-tower gets the go-ahead" Шаблон:Webarchive. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  25. ↑ (20 April 2013). "Investors size up hotel market, but high dollar remains a hurdle" Шаблон:Webarchive. The Australian. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  26. ↑ (20 March 2013). "$600m Australia 108 is all go" Шаблон:Webarchive. Accomnews. 20 March 2013
  27. ↑ Wong, Maggie. (21 March 2013). "Going up Down Under: Southern Hemisphere's tallest building" Шаблон:Webarchive. CNN. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  28. ↑ (19 March 2013)"Our tallest tower, at 388m, is highly pre-fab" Шаблон:Webarchive. The Australian. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  29. ↑ Sweet, Michael. (19 March 2013). "Australia 108 approved" Шаблон:Webarchive. Neos Kosmos. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  30. ↑ (20 March 2013). "Coast's Q1 to lose tall title" Шаблон:Webarchive. Gold Coast Bulletin. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  31. ↑ 31,0 31,1 31,2 Sweet, Michael. (2 April 2013). "Katsalidis supertower hits flight path snag" Шаблон:Webarchive. Neos Kosmos. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  32. ↑ Pallisco, Marc. (6 July 2013). "Southern hemisphere's tallest building shelved" Шаблон:Webarchive. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 Masanauskas, John. (29 April 2014). "Southbank tower’s level lopped due to air safety regulations" Шаблон:Webarchive. Herald Sun. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  34. ↑ 34,0 34,1 Taylor, Alastair. (24 June 2014). "Australia 108, 452 Elizabeth Street and 84-90 Queensbridge Street gain Ministerial approval" Шаблон:Webarchive. UrbanMelbourne. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  35. ↑ 35,0 35,1 35,2 Masanauskas, John. (25 June 2014). "Planning Minister approves Australia 108, a 100-storey apartment tower to be built at Southbank" Шаблон:Webarchive. Herald Sun. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  36. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок factsandfigures не указан текст
  37. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MPSA108 не указан текст
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  41. ↑ (7 April 2015). "Australia 108 penthouse sale smashes national price record" Шаблон:Webarchive. Domain. Retrieved 25 May 2015
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  43. ↑ 43,0 43,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  44. ↑ Taylor, Alastair. (16 September 2015). "Brookfield Multiplex appointed builder for Australia 108, piling to commence in October" Шаблон:Webarchive. UrbanMelbourne.info. Retrieved 21 September 2015
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  46. ↑ 46,0 46,1 Australia 108 – The Skyscraper Center Шаблон:Webarchive. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 19 November 2019
  47. ↑ (18 September 2015). "Brookfield Multiplex Appointed To Construct Australia’s Tallest Tower" Шаблон:Webarchive. TheUrbanDeveloper. Retrieved 16 January 2017
  48. ↑ (17 March 2016). "KONE to modernize Melbourne Central Tower, building development" Шаблон:Webarchive. Post Online Media. Retrieved 18 March 2016
  49. ↑ 49,0 49,1 Taylor, Alastair. (4 April 2018). "Australia 108 approaches 50% of its height" Шаблон:Webarchive. UrbanMelbourne.info. Retrieved 14 April 2018
  50. ↑ Cheng, Linda. (16 January 2015). "Southern Hemisphere’s tallest residential tower". ArchitectureAU. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  51. ↑ 51,0 51,1 Q1 Tower – The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  52. ↑ 52,0 52,1 Tall Building Criteria. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  53. ↑ Eureka Tower – The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  54. ↑ Completed Residential-Only Buildings in the World – The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
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