Английская Википедия:Austrian People's Party

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox political party The Austrian People's Party (Шаблон:Lang-de Шаблон:IPA-de, ÖVP Шаблон:IPA-de) is a Christian-democratic^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] and liberal-conservative^[5] political party in Austria.

Since December 2021, the party has been led provisionally by Karl Nehammer. It is currently the largest party in the National Council, with 71 of the 183 seats, and won 37.5% of votes cast in the 2019 legislative election. It holds seats in all nine state legislatures, and is part of government in seven, of which it leads six. The ÖVP is a member of the International Democrat Union and the European People's Party. It sits with the EPP group in the European Parliament; of Austria's 19 MEPs, 7 are members of the ÖVP. It is the second largest party in Europe by membership.

An unofficial successor to the Christian Social Party of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the ÖVP was founded immediately following the re-establishment of the Republic of Austria in 1945. Since then, it has been one of the two traditional major parties in Austria, alongside the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ). It was the most popular party until 1970, and has traditionally governed in a grand coalition with the SPÖ. It was the senior partner in grand coalitions from 1945 to 1966 and the junior partner from 1986 to 2000 and 2007–2017. The ÖVP also briefly governed alone from 1966 to 1970. After the 1999 election, the party formed a coalition with the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) until 2003, when a coalition with the FPÖ splinter Alliance for the Future of Austria was formed, which lasted until 2007.

The party underwent a change in its image after Sebastian Kurz became chairman, changing its colour from the traditional black to turquoise, and adopting the alternate name The New People's Party (Шаблон:Lang-de).^[6] It became the largest party after the 2017 election, and formed a coalition government with the FPÖ.^[7] This collapsed eighteen months later, leading to the 2019 election, after which the ÖVP formed a new coalition with The Greens.^[8]

History

The ÖVP is the successor of the Christian Social Party, a staunchly conservative movement founded in 1893 by Karl Lueger, mayor of Vienna and highly controversial right-wing populist. Most of the members of the party during its founding belonged to the former Fatherland Front, which was led by chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, also a member of the Christian Social Party before the Anschluss. While still sometimes honored by ÖVP members for resisting Adolf Hitler, the regime built by Dollfuss was authoritarian in nature and has been dubbed as Austrofascism. In its present form, the ÖVP was established immediately after the restoration of Austria's independence in 1945 and it has been represented in both the Federal Assembly ever since. In terms of Federal Assembly seats, the ÖVP has consistently been the strongest or second-strongest party and as such it has led or at least been a partner in most Austria's federal cabinets.

Файл:Mitgliederzahl parteien Österreichs - Party membership of parties in Austria.png

Party membership of ÖVP (in turquoise), since 1945.

In the 1945 Austrian legislative election, the ÖVP won a landslide victory in Austria's first postwar election, winning almost half the popular vote and an absolute majority in the legislature. However, memories of the hyper-partisanship that had plagued the First Republic prompted the ÖVP to maintain the grand coalition with the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) and the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) that had governed the country since the restoration of independence in early 1945. The ÖVP remained the senior partner in a coalition with the SPÖ until 1966 and governed alone from 1966 to 1970. It reentered the government in 1986, but has never been completely out of power since the restoration of Austrian independence in 1945 due to a longstanding tradition that all major interest groups were to be consulted on policy.

After the 1999 Austrian legislative election, several months of negotiations ended in early 2000 when the ÖVP formed a coalition government with the right-wing populist Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) led by Jörg Haider. The FPÖ had won just a few hundred more votes than the ÖVP, but was considered far too controversial to lead a government. The ÖVP's Wolfgang Schüssel became Chancellor—the first ÖVP Chancellor of Austria since 1970. This caused widespread outrage in Europe and the European Union imposed informal diplomatic sanctions on Austria, the first time that it imposed sanctions on a member state. Bilateral relations were frozen (including contacts and meetings at an inter-governmental level) and Austrian candidates would not be supported for posts in European Union international offices.^[9] Austria threatened to veto all applications by countries for European Union membership until the sanctions were lifted.^[10] A few months later, these sanctions were dropped as a result of a fact-finding mission by three former European prime ministers, the so-called "three wise men". The 2002 legislative election resulted in a landslide victory (42.27% of the vote) for the ÖVP under Schüssel. Haider's FPÖ was reduced to 10.16% of the vote. At the state level, the ÖVP has long dominated the rural states of Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol and Vorarlberg. It is less popular in the city state of Vienna and in the rural, but less strongly Catholic states of Burgenland and Carinthia. In 2004, it lost its plurality in the State of Salzburg, where they kept its result in seats (14) in 2009. In 2005, it lost its plurality in Styria for the first time.

After the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ) split from the FPÖ in 2005, the BZÖ replaced the FPÖ in the government coalition which lasted until 2007. Austria for the first time had a government containing of a party that was founded during the parliamentary term. In the 2006 Austrian legislative election, the ÖVP were defeated and after much negotiations agreed to become junior partner in a grand coalition with the SPÖ, with new party chairman Wilhelm Molterer as Finance Minister and Vice-Chancellor under SPÖ leader Alfred Gusenbauer, who became Chancellor. The 2008 Austrian legislative election saw the ÖVP lose 15 seats, with a further 8.35% decrease in its share of the vote. However, the ÖVP won the largest share of the vote (30.0%) in the 2009 European Parliament election with 846,709 votes, although their number of seats remained the same.

Ideology and platform

Шаблон:Conservatism in Austria The ÖVP is described as Christian democratic,^[1]^[2]^[3] conservative,^[11]^[12] and liberal-conservative.^[5] The party has also been described as a catch-all party of the centre-right, in the vein of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.^[13]^[14] For most of its existence, the ÖVP has explicitly defined itself as Catholic and anti-socialist, with the ideals of subsidiarity as defined by the encyclical Quadragesimo anno and decentralisation.

For the first election after World War II, the ÖVP presented itself as the Austrian Party (Шаблон:Lang-de), was anti-Marxist and regarded itself as the Party of the center (Шаблон:Lang-de). The ÖVP consistently held power—either alone or in so-called black–red coalition with the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ)—until 1970, when the SPÖ formed a minority government with the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). The ÖVP's economic policies during the era generally upheld a social market economy.

The party's campaign for the 2017 legislative election under the party chairman Sebastian Kurz was dominated by a rightward shift in policy which included a promised crackdown on illegal immigration and a fight against political Islam,^[15] making it more similar to the program of the FPÖ, the party that Kurz chose as his coalition partner after the ÖVP won the election. The party underwent a change in its image after Kurz became chairman, changing its colour from the traditional black to turquoise, and adopting the name The new People's Party (Шаблон:Lang-de).^[6]

Chairpersons since 1945

The chart below shows a timeline of ÖVP chairpersons and the Chancellors of Austria. The left black bar shows all the chairpersons (Bundesparteiobleute, abbreviated as CP) of the ÖVP party and the right bar shows the corresponding make-up of the Austrian government at that time. The red (SPÖ) and black (ÖVP) colours correspond to which party led the federal government (Bundesregierung, abbreviated as Govern.). The last names of the respective Chancellors are shown, with the Roman numeral standing for the cabinets.

<timeline> ImageSize = width:400 height:530 PlotArea = width:350 height:450 left:50 bottom:50 Legend = columns:3 left:50 top:25 columnwidth:50

DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1945 till:2023 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1945

there is no automatic collision detection,
so shift texts up or down manually to avoid overlap

Colors =

 id:ÖVP  value:gray(0.25) legend:ÖVP
 id:SPÖ  value:red    legend:SPÖ
 id:independent value:gray(0.85) legend:independent

id:FPÖ value:blue legend:FPÖ

Define $dx = 25 # shift text to right side of bar Define $dy = -4 # adjust height

PlotData =

 bar:CP color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S

 from:1945  till:1945 shift:($dx,1)      color:ÖVP    text:Leopold Kunschak
 from:1945  till:1952 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Leopold Figl
 from:1952  till:1960 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Julius Raab
 from:1960  till:1963 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Alfons Gorbach
 from:1963  till:1970 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Josef Klaus
 from:1970  till:1971 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Hermann Withalm
 from:1971  till:1975 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Karl Schleinzer
 from:1975  till:1979 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Josef Taus
 from:1979  till:1989 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Alois Mock
 from:1989  till:1991 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Josef Riegler
 from:1991  till:1995 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Erhard Busek
 from:1995  till:2007 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Wolfgang Schüssel
 from:2007  till:2008 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Wilhelm Molterer
 from:2008  till:2011 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Josef Pröll
 from:2011  till:2014 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text: Michael Spindelegger
 from:2014  till:2017 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text: Reinhold Mitterlehner
 from:2017  till:end shift:($dx,$dy)     color:ÖVP    text: Sebastian Kurz
 from:2021  till:end shift:($dx,$dy)     color:ÖVP    text: Karl Nehammer
 bar:Govern. color:red width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:7

 from:1945  till:1946 shift:($dx,-2)     color:SPÖ    text:Renner
 from:1946  till:1949 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Figl I
 from:1949  till:1952 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Figl II
 from:1952  till:1953 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Figl III
 from:1953  till:1956 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Raab I
 from:1956  till:1959 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Raab II
 from:1959  till:1960 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Raab III
 from:1960  till:1961 shift:($dx,-2)     color:ÖVP    text:Raab IV
 from:1961  till:1963 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Gorbach I
 from:1963  till:1964 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Gorbach II
 from:1964  till:1966 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Klaus I
 from:1966  till:1970 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Klaus II
 from:1970  till:1971 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Kreisky I
 from:1971  till:1975 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Kreisky II
 from:1975  till:1979 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Kreisky III
 from:1979  till:1983 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Kreisky IV
 from:1983  till:1986 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Sinowatz
 from:1986  till:1987 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Vranitzky I
 from:1987  till:1990 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Vranitzky II
 from:1990  till:1994 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Vranitzky III
 from:1994  till:1996 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Vranitzky IV
 from:1996  till:1997 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Vranitzky V
 from:1997  till:2000 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Klima
 from:2000  till:2003 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Schüssel I
 from:2003  till:2007 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Schüssel II
 from:2007  till:2008 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Gusenbauer
 from:2008  till:2016 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Faymann
 from:2016  till:2017 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:SPÖ    text:Kern
 from:2017  till:2019 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:ÖVP    text:Kurz I
 from:2019  till:2020 shift:($dx,$dy)    color:independent text:Bierlein
 from:2020  till:2021 shift:($dx,$dy)     color:ÖVP    text:Kurz II
 from:2021  till:2021 shift:($dx,$dy)     color:ÖVP    text:Schallenberg
 from:2021  till:end shift:($dx,$dy)     color:ÖVP    text:Nehammer

</timeline>

Election results

National Council

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	Government
1945	1,602,227	49.8 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 85	Шаблон:Yes2
1949	1,846,581	44.0 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 8	Шаблон:Yes2
1953	1,781,777	41.3 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 3	Шаблон:Yes2
1956	1,999,986	46.0 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 8	Шаблон:Yes2
1959	1,928,043	44.2 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 3	Шаблон:Yes2
1962	2,024,501	45.4 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 2	Шаблон:Yes2
1966	2,191,109	48.3 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 4	Шаблон:Yes2
1970	2,051,012	44.7 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 7	Шаблон:No2
1971	1,964,713	43.1 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 2	Шаблон:No2
1975	1,981,291	42.9 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Steady	Шаблон:No2
1979	1,981,739	41.9 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 3	Шаблон:No2
1983	2,097,808	43.2 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 4	Шаблон:No2
1986	2,003,663	41.3 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 4	Шаблон:Yes2
1990	1,508,600	32.1 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 17	Шаблон:Yes2
1994	1,281,846	27.7 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 8	Шаблон:Yes2
1995	1,370,510	28.3 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Steady	Шаблон:Yes2
1999	1,243,672	26.9 (#3)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Steady	Шаблон:Yes2
2002	2,076,833	42.3 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 27	Шаблон:Yes2
2006	1,616,493	34.3 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 13	Шаблон:Yes2
2008	1,269,656	26.0 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 15	Шаблон:Yes2
2013	1,125,876	24.0 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 4	Шаблон:Yes2
2017	1,341,930	31.5 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 15	Шаблон:Yes2
2019	1,789,417	37.5 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 9	Шаблон:Yes2

President

Election	Candidate	First round			Second round
Election	Candidate	Votes	%	Result	Votes	%	Result
1951	Heinrich Gleißner	1,725,451	40.1	Шаблон:Depends	2,006,322	47.9	Шаблон:No2
1957	Wolfgang Denk	2,159,604	48.9	Шаблон:No2
1963	Julius Raab	1,814,125	40.6	Шаблон:No2
1965	Alfons Gorbach	2,324,436	49.3	Шаблон:No2
1971	Kurt Waldheim	2,224,809	47.2	Шаблон:No2
1974	Alois Lugger	2,238,470	48.3	Шаблон:No2
1980	No candidate
1986	Kurt Waldheim	2,343,463	49.6	Шаблон:Depends	2,464,787	53.9	Шаблон:Yes2
1992	Thomas Klestil	1,728,234	37.2	Шаблон:Depends	2,528,006	56.9	Шаблон:Yes2
1998	Thomas Klestil	2,644,034	63.4	Шаблон:Yes2
2004	Benita Ferrero-Waldner	1,969,326	47.6	Шаблон:No2
2010	No candidate
2016	Andreas Khol	475,767	11.1	Шаблон:No2
2022	No candidate

European Parliament

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/–
1996	1,124,921	29.7 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 7
1999	859,175	30.7 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Steady
2004	817,716	32.7 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 1
2009	858,921	30.0 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Steady
2014	761,896	27.0 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 1
2019	1,305,954	34.6 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 2

State Parliaments

State	Year	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	Government
Burgenland	2020	56,728	30.6 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Steady 0	Шаблон:No2
Carinthia	2023	51,637	17.0 (#3)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 1	Шаблон:Yes2
Lower Austria	2023	359,194	39.9 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 6	Шаблон:Yes2
Salzburg	2023	81,752	30.4 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 3	Шаблон:Yes2
Styria	2019	217,036	36.0 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 4	Шаблон:Yes2
Tyrol	2022	119,167	34.7 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease 3	Шаблон:Yes2
Upper Austria	2021	303,835	37.6 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 1	Шаблон:Yes2
Vienna	2020	148,238	20.4 (#2)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 15	Шаблон:No2
Vorarlberg	2019	71,911	43.5 (#1)	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase 1	Шаблон:Yes2

Symbols

Шаблон:Portal

Logo used in the 1980s

Logo used in the 1980s
Logo before 2017

Logo before 2017
Logo with flag before 2017

Logo with flag before 2017
Party logo 2017 - 2022

Party logo 2017 - 2022
Turquoise variant of the Party-Logo 2017 - 2022

Turquoise variant of the Party-Logo 2017 - 2022
Party Logo since 2022

Party Logo since 2022

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Official website Шаблон:In lang
Austrian People's Party Country Studies
Austrian People's Party at the European People's Party website

Шаблон:European People's Party Шаблон:International Democrat Union Шаблон:Austrian political parties Шаблон:Authority control

[MarksWilson-1] 1,0 ^1,1 Шаблон:Cite book

[Krouwel2012-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Шаблон:Cite book

[AnttiroikoMälkiä2007-3] 3,0 ^3,1 Шаблон:Cite book

[4] Шаблон:Cite book

[Güntzel2010-5] 5,0 ^5,1 Шаблон:Cite book

[Our_History-6] 6,0 ^6,1 Шаблон:Cite web

[7] Шаблон:Cite web

[8] Шаблон:Cite web

[9] Шаблон:Cite web

[10] Шаблон:Cite news

[GrandeDolezal-11] Шаблон:Cite book

[Givens2005-12] Шаблон:Cite book

[KesselmanKrieger2008-13] Шаблон:Cite book

[Wiliarty2010-14] Шаблон:Cite book

[15] Шаблон:Cite web

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[3]

[4]

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[14]

[15]

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Английская Википедия:Austrian People's Party

Содержание