Английская Википедия:Austrian schilling

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:For Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox currency

The schilling (German: Schilling; Шаблон:IPA-de) was the currency of Austria from 1925 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1999, and the circulating currency until 2002. The euro was introduced at a fixed parity of €1 = 13.7603 schilling to replace it. The schilling was divided into 100 groschen.

History

Following the Carolingian coin reform in 794 AD, new units of account were introduced including the schilling which consisted of 12 silver pfennigs. It was initially only a coin of account but later became an actual coin produced in many European countries.

Before the modern Austrian schilling

The currencies predating the schilling include:

In mediaeval Austria there were short and long schilling coins, valued at 12 and 30 pfennigs respectively. Until 1857, the schilling was a currency unit for 30 pfennigs or Шаблон:Frac kreuzers. The Austrian groschen (also known as the Kaisergroschen, lit. “emperor's groschen/groat”) was a silver coin worth 12 pfennigs = 3 kreuzers = Шаблон:Fraction schillings.[1]

First Austrian schilling

The schilling was established by the Schilling Act (Schillingrechnungsgesetz) of 20 December 1924, at a rate of one schilling to 10,000 kronen and issued on 1 March 1925. The schilling was abolished in the wake of Germany's annexation of Austria in 1938, when it was exchanged at a rate of 1.50 schilling for one Reichsmark.

Шаблон:AnchorSecond Austrian schilling

The schilling was reintroduced after World War II on 30 November 1945 by the Allied Military, who issued paper money (dated 1944) in denominations of 50 groschen, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100, and 1000 schilling. The exchange rate to the reichsmark was 1:1, limited to 150 schilling per person. The Nationalbank also began issuing schilling notes in 1945 and the first coins were issued in 1946.

With a second "schilling" law on 21 November 1947, new banknotes were introduced. The earlier notes could be exchanged for new notes at par for the first 150 schilling and at a rate of 1 new schilling for 3 old schillings thereafter. Coins were not affected by this reform. The currency stabilised in the 1950s, with the schilling being tied to the U.S. dollar at a rate of $1 = 26 schilling. Following the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the schilling was initially tied to a basket of currencies until July 1976, when it was coupled to the German mark.

Although the euro became the official currency of Austria in 1999, euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002. Old schilling denominated coins and notes were phased out from circulation because of the introduction of the euro by 28 February of that year. Schilling banknotes and coins which were valid at the time of the introduction of the euro will indefinitely remain exchangeable for euros at any branch of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank.

Coins

First schilling

In 1925, bronze 1 and 2 groschen, cupro-nickel 10 groschen, and silver Шаблон:Frac and 1 schilling coins were introduced, followed by cupro-nickel 5 groschen issues in 1931. In 1934, cupro-nickel 50 groschen and 1 schilling were introduced, together with silver 5 schilling. Coins were issued until 1938.

Also issued gold and silver coins: 2 schillings (1937) – 64% silver, 5 schillings (1934) – 83% silver, 25 schillings (1926) – 90% gold, 100 schillings (1924) – 90% gold.[2]

Second schilling

Between 1947 and 1952, coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 groschen; and 1, 2, and 5 schilling were introduced. The 1, 5, 10, and 50 groschen were initially made from leftover blanks from the wartime pfennig issues. The 2 and 50 groschen; 1, 2, and 5 schilling were struck in aluminium, as was the second type of 10 groschen coin. The 1 and 5 groschen and the first type of 10 groschen were in zinc, with the 20 groschen struck in aluminium-bronze. The 1 groschen was only struck in 1947, while the 20 groschen and 2 schilling coins were suspended from production in 1954 and 1952, respectively. In 1957, silver 10 schilling coins were introduced, followed in 1959 by aluminium-bronze 50 groschen and 1 schilling, and in 1960 by silver 5 schilling coins. Thus, the 5 schilling coins went from an aluminium composition to a silver one, a highly unusual event made possible by the substantial improvement of the Austrian economy in the 1950s. Cupro-nickel replaced silver in the 5 and 10 schilling coins in 1969 and 1974, respectively. An aluminium-bronze 20 schilling coin was introduced in 1980.

Silver coins were in the value of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 schilling, but gold coins also existed for 500 and 1,000 schilling. They were considered legal currency, but were rarely found in actual transactions.

At the time of the changeover to the euro, the coins in circulation were the following. Coins under 10 groschen were rarely seen in circulation during their final years. Шаблон:-

Last Circulating Coins[3][4][5]
Image Value Equivalent in euros (€) Technical parameters Description Date of
Diameter Mass Composition Edge Obverse Reverse first minting first issue last minting end of legal tender status
1 Groschen 1 Groschen 0.07 cent 17 mm 1.8 g 100% zinc Smooth State title, coat of arms Value, year of minting 1947 5 April 1948 1950 31 December 2001
2 Groschen 0.15 cent 18 mm 0.9 g 98.5% aluminium
1.5% magnesium
Coat of arms State title, value, year of minting 1950 15 July 1950 1991 31 December 2001
5 Groschen 0.36 cent 19 mm 2.5 g 100% zinc Notched State title, coat of arms Value, year of minting 1948 17 June 1948 1992 31 December 2001
10 Groschen 0.73 cent 20 mm 1.1 g 98.5% aluminium
1.5% magnesium
Smooth Coat of arms Value, year of minting 1951 27 November 1951 1998 31 December 2001
50 Groschen 50 Groschen 3.63 cent 19.5 mm 3 g 91.5% copper
8.5% aluminium
Serrated Shield, state title Value, gentian flower, year of minting 1959 1 October 1959 1997 31 December 2001
S 1 7.27 cent 22.5 mm 4.2 g Smooth State title, value, year of minting Edelweiss flowers, value 1959 1 September 1959 1998 31 December 2001
S 5 36.34 cent 23.5 mm 4.8 g Cupronickel1
75% copper
25% nickel
Smooth State title, horse rider Shield, value, year of minting 1968 15 January 1969 1998 31 December 2001
S 10 72.67 cent 26 mm 6.2 g Serrated State title, coat of arms Woman, value, year of minting 1974 17 April 1974 1998 31 December 2001
S 20 1.45 27.7 mm 8 g Aluminium bronze
92% copper
6% aluminium
2% nickel
Smoothly with 19 pits / Since 1993: Smooth 2 State title, the nine Austrian provinces Value, year of minting 1980 10 December 1980 1993 31 December 2001
S 20 State title, value, shield, year of minting Various commemorative subjects 1982 27 March 1982 2001 31 December 2001
Шаблон:Coin-yellow-color| S 50 3.63 26.5 mm
Core: 18.5 mm
8.15 g Ring: Aluminium bronze (as S 20)
Center: Magnimat 7
Smooth State title, value encircled by the coats-of-arms of the states of Austria Various commemorative subjects 1996 23 October 1996 2001 Шаблон:Coin-yellow-color| 31 December 2001
Шаблон:Standard coin table notice
  1. 10 Schilling has pure nickel core
  2. Smoothly with 19 pits until 1992. In 1993, all previous 20 Schilling coins were reissued with smooth edges.

Banknotes

First schilling

Файл:Austria 1 S 1924 - 11.5.25-31.12.26.jpg
1 Schilling (1925)

In 1925, the Oesterreichische Nationalbank issued notes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 and 1,000 Schillinge (note the different spelling of the plural on this first 1925-series of notes).

In 1927–1929 a second series was added with 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 schilling notes. The one schilling was substituted by a coin.

Second schilling

In 1945, the Allies introduced notes (dated 1944) in denominations of 50 groschen, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100 and 1,000 schilling.[6] The Oesterreichische Nationalbank also introduced notes in 1945, in denominations of 10, 20, 100 and 1,000 schilling and the allied currency with small values up to 5 schilling remained valid until 1947. With the banknote reform of 1947, new notes were issued in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 1,000 schilling. Until 1957, the first 500 schilling banknote was issued and the 5 and 10 schilling notes were replaced by coins. However, although 20 schilling coins were issued from 1980, the 20 schilling note continued to be produced, with 5,000 schilling notes added in 1988.

1983 Series[7]
Image Front Image Back Value Equivalent in euros (€) Dimensions Description Date of Color
Obverse Reverse printing issue withdrawal
S 20 1.45 123 × 61.5 mm Moritz Daffinger Albertina (Vienna) 1 October 1986 19 October 1988 28 February 2002 Olive
S 50 3.63 130 × 65 mm Sigmund Freud Josephinum (Alsergrund, Vienna) 2 January 1986 19 October 1987 28 February 2002 Pink
S 100 7.27 137 × 68.5 mm Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk Akademie der Wissenschaften 2 January 1984 14 October 1985 28 February 2002 Green
S 500 36.34 144 × 72 mm Otto Wagner Post Office Savings Bank, Vienna 1 July 1985 20 June 1986 20 April 1998 Orange
S 1000 72.67 152 × 76 mm Erwin Schrödinger University of Vienna 3 January 1983 14 November 1983 20 April 1998 Blue
S 5000 363.36 160 × 78 mm Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wiener Staatsoper 4 January 1988 17 October 1989 28 February 2002 Brown
1997 Series
Image Front Image Back Value Equivalent in euros (€) Dimensions Description Date of Color
Obverse Reverse printing issue withdrawal
S 20 1.45 123 x 72 mm Gustav Klimt 1 January 1995 1997 but never released in circulation due to Euro never issued Yellow
S 50 3.63 130 × 72 mm Ida Laura Pfeiffer 1 January 1995 1997 but never released in circulation due to Euro never issued Pink
S 100 7.27 137 × 72 mm Franz Schubert 1 January 1995 1997 but never released in circulation due to Euro never issued Green
S 500 36.34 147 × 72 mm Rosa Mayreder Austrian Women's Associations federal conference in Vienna in 1911 1 January 1997 20 October 1997 28 February 2002 Orange
S 1000 72.67 154 × 72 mm Karl Landsteiner Landsteiner at work in a laboratory 1 January 1997 20 October 1997 28 February 2002 Blue
S 5000 363.36 160 × 72 mm Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach 1 January 1995 1997 but never released in circulation due to Euro never issued Brown
Шаблон:Standard banknote table notice

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:N-start Шаблон:N-before Шаблон:N-currency Шаблон:N-after Шаблон:N-end Шаблон:N-start Шаблон:N-before Шаблон:N-currency Шаблон:N-after Шаблон:N-end Шаблон:N-start Шаблон:N-before Шаблон:N-currency Шаблон:N-after Шаблон:N-end Шаблон:Euro topics Шаблон:Shilling Шаблон:Portal bar