Английская Википедия:Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3
Шаблон:Infobox medical condition (new) Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, type 3 is characterized by the coexistence of two autoimmune illnesses, not including Addison's disease, and an autoimmune thyroid disease.[1] Based on other organ-specific autoimmune involvement, there are multiple subtypes that are classified: type 3a shows thyroid autoimmune disease in conjunction with type 1 diabetes, type 3b shows thyroid autoimmune disease in conjunction with pernicious anemia (PA), and type 3c shows thyroid autoimmune disease in conjunction with alopecia, vitiligo, or other organ-specific autoimmune disease.[2]
The hallmark of autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) is the existence of autoimmune reactions directed against multiple endocrine and non-endocrine organs. There have been described as four primary types:[3]
- APS-1 [Autoimmune-Polyendocrine-Candidiasis-Ectodermal-Dystrophy Syndrome (APECED)]: Chronic hypoparathyroidism, autoimmune Addison's disease, and chronic candidiasis (two conditions must exist for the term to be used).[3]
- APS-2 (Schmidt's disease): Autoimmune Addison's disease (constantly present), in conjunction with either type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) or autoimmune thyroid disease.[3]
- APS-3: Type 1 diabetes, atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, vitiligo, alopecia, and myasthenia gravis, and autoimmune thyroid disease; Addison's disease and/or hypoparathyroidism are not included in this association.[3]
- APS-4: Combinations that weren't in the earlier groups.[3]
Signs and symptoms
Most patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3 have autoimmune thyroid diseases associated with only one other autoimmune disease; these associations are most frequently with either type 1 diabetes (20–30% of cases)[4] or chronic atrophic gastritis (39 percent of cases).[5] Other disorders associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3 are pernicious anemia, vitiligo, alopecia, and myasthenia gravis.[3]
Epidemiology
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, type 3 has a frequency of 1.4 to 2 per 100,000 people, with no discernible ethnic group preference.[6]
References
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